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Buyer Beware - Poisons in the Home

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Walk into virtually any home in the United States and it is practically guaranteed that there will be a container of some form of pesticide (Raid) or herbicide (Roundup, Spectracide, Ortho) on hand. These are considered “everyday” products used by most homeowners to kill bugs and weeds. They have all been approved by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as safe for use by the general public. They are sold by large retailers as well as smaller local vendors. Based on those two factors, it is a common – but dangerous - assumption that these chemicals must be safe for use. But – “Buyer Beware!” Household pesticides and herbicides contain hidden ingredients that are not provided on the product labels. Under the current laws, manufacturers do not have to divulge all of the ingredients that are used in the production of a pesticide or herbicide. Many of these unidentified ingredients are poisons that could be potentially hazardous to adults and children alike. It is crucial that the labels on these products contain a complete list of the ingredients, as well as any potential hazards. Consumers have a right to this information in order to be able to make informed decisions.
There are two categories of ingredients listed on the labels of these products – active and inert. The active ingredients in these products are regulated by the EPA. Active ingredients are those that directly affect the target pest. They must be listed on each container. Problem solved – Right? Wrong. There are additional (inert) ingredients that manufacturers mix with the active ingredients in order to improve the effectiveness of the active ingredients. Inert ingredients may be as much as one-half, or more, of the total product (Surgan, 1991). The EPA does not require manufacturers to publicly disclose the additional (inert) chemicals even though these chemicals may be highly toxic to humans, pets or wildlife.
To the average person, "inert" implies that these chemicals don't pose a major health or environmental threat. In fact, a chemical may be an active ingredient in one pesticide product, and an "inert" ingredient in another product, depending only on the manufacturer's designation of the pests to be controlled by each product.
Inert ingredients can also react with active ingredients to make a pesticide formula more toxic than just the single active ingredient. An example of this is the creation and use of Agent Orange during the Vietnam War. Agent Orange was a powerful herbicide used by the U.S. Forces from 1961 to 1971 to defoliate trees and shrubs and kill food crops that were providing cover and food to opposition forces. When the production of Agent Orange was accelerated for wartime production, the combustion process of increased production created a highly toxic pollutant named 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin (TCDD). More than 11.4 million gallons of Agent Orange were used from 1962-1970. It was sprayed “over about 24 percent of southern Vietnam, destroying 5 million acres of upland and mangrove forests and about 500,000 acres of crops (a total area the size of Massachusetts). Of these areas, 34 percent were sprayed more than once; some of the upland forests were sprayed more than four times” (Joseph, J. 2011). When veterans returned from Vietnam, they reported health problems that they associated with their exposure to Agent Orange/dioxin.
Currently, the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs provides compensation to approximately 2.8 million veterans who suffer from at least 15 cancers and other conditions/diseases related to Agent Orange exposure. It also provides compensation for children of these veterans who have been identified with 20 various birth defects. (U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. 2008).
If Agent Orange was still being manufactured under today’s reporting standards, TCDD would be considered an inert component of the chemical compound since it does not directly affect the targeted pest (Surgan, 1991). One might argue that this is an “extreme” example, but there are products currently sold that are proving to be just as dangerous. One such product is Roundup Weed Killer (which, coincidently, is manufactured by Monsanto, the same company that produced Agent Orange).
The active ingredient in Roundup is glyphosate. Exposure to glyphosate has been linked to a range of health problems and diseases, including Autism, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson's, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, infertility and various cancers. Recent scientific testing of the ingredients in Roundup has revealed that an unknown percentage of Roundup's inert content is composed of Polyethoxethyleneamine (POEA), which is added to enhance the performance of glyphosate. The side effects of POEA include eye/skin irritation, gastrointestinal problems, respiratory problems, cardiac arrest and possibly certain cancers (Williams. 2000).
Roundup is used agriculturally, commercially and privately throughout the world. In recent years, 13 to 20 million acres in the United States were treated with 18.7 million pounds annually (Environmental Protection Agency). Commercial applicators are required by law to place warning signs in yards that have been treated with products containing glyphosate, yet homeowners can purchase the same products to treat their own lawns without any restrictions. These products cannot only be a danger outside, but can be transported inside the home by air (dispersion) and foot/clothing (humans, pets). This allows the chemical to permeate carpet and upholstery and become a hazard inside the home, which puts us at even greater risk – especially our children.
Infants and children have a greater risk of exposure to toxins for a variety of reasons (National Pesticide Information Center. 2013):
• Their brain, nervous system, and organs are still developing.
• Immature organs cannot remove pesticides from the body as well as an adult’s.
• They spend more time closer to the ground and floors
• They are more like to put their fingers, toys and other objects into their mouths.
The National Academy of Sciences issued a report in 1993 estimating that “50% of lifetime pesticide exposure occurs during the first five years of life”. The National Pesticide Information Center has provided the following guidelines when using pesticides/herbicides around the home:
• Always be sure to read the product label first.
• Use the product only as intended by the manufacturer and apply it according to label directions.
• Seek the least-toxic product option available.
• Keep children out of treated areas while products are being applied, and until areas are dry.
• If a lawn has recently been treated, consider using shoes, blankets or another barrier between the treated surface and children's skin.
• If clothing becomes contaminated, wash and dry those clothes separate from family laundry
• Be sure children wash their hands before eating, especially after playing outdoors.
• Be sure to store toxic products in their original containers. Never use food or beverage utensils or containers to mix or store them.
• Store all pesticides/herbicides out of the reach of children.
When Roundup was first introduced to the public in the 1970s, it was merchandised as “environmentally safe” and “less toxic than table salt” (Surgan.1991). There are thousands of scientific reports available that have proven that this is simply not true. In fact, seven countries have completely banned the use of Roundup or other products containing glyphosate (Brinkerhoff, N. 2014). Due to growing public outcry in the United State, the EPA is in the process of reviewing and revising its “approved” inert ingredient list. This is too little, too late and this action still does not address requiring manufacturers to include all potentially hazardous chemicals on the product labels.
Martin Luther King, Jr. once wrote, “Our lives begin to end the day we become silent about the things that matter.” Citizens as consumers, have the right to expect and demand that the EPA enact and enforce proper labeling requirements that provide a complete list of ingredients and proper warning information for each. Until that happens, it is ultimately the individual’s responsibility to be vigilant and informed. It is the only way one can prevent exposure to these dangers. References:
Brinkerhoff, N. (2014, October 30). Toxic Pesticides Banned in Other Countries Continue to be used in U.S. Retrieved from: http://allgov.com/news/us-and-the-world/toxic-pesticides-banned-in-other-countries-continue-to-be-used-in-us-141030?news=854672
Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Consumer Fact Sheet on: GLYPHOSATE. Retrieved from: http://www.epa.gov/ogwdw/pdfs/factsheets/soc/glyphosa.pdf
Joseph, J. (2011, August). History: Agent Orange/Dioxin in Vietnam. Retrieved from: http://www.aspeninstitue.org/policy-work/agent-orange/history
King Jr, M. (n.d.) Brainy Quote. Retrieved from: http://brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/m/marinluth103526.html
National Academy of Sciences (1993). Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children. Retrieved from: http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=2126
National Pesticide Information Center (2013, May 23). Pesticides and Children. Retrieved from: http://npic.orst.edu/health/child/html
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Environmental Agents Service. (2008, August). Health Conditions Presumptively Recognized to Date, Agent Orange Review. Retrieved from: http://www.publichealth.va.gov/docs/agentorange/reviews/ao_newsletter_aug08.pdf
Surgan, M. H., Office of Public Information. New York State Deptartment of Law. (1991). The Secret Hazards of Pesticides: Inert Ingredients. Rev. Feb. 1994. Retrieved from: http://www.getipm.com/government/ny-inert.htm
Williams, G.M., et al (2000, May 23). Safety Evaluation and Risk Assessment of the Herbicide Roundup and Its Active Ingredients. Retrieved from: http://www.ask-force.org/web/HerbizideTol/Williams-Safety-Evaluation-Risk-Assessment-RR-2000.pdf

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