...Julius Caesar is known as one of the greatest war tactions in history. His battlefield tactics are still used in modern day warfare. Had it not been for his narcissism, his accomplishments would have been even greater. Augustus Caesar, Julius’ nephew and adoptive son, succeeded his uncle as the new Emperor of Rome. Throughout this essay, I will discuss the achievements of Julius Caesar, the achievements of Augusts, and the qualities of both their personalities. Julius Caesar is known for his many conquests in ancient Roman history. It was an intrical part in making the Roman Empire as vast as it was between 58-50 BC. As a young aristocrat, Julius Caesar went to Greece to perfect his public speaking skills and his knowledge of philosophy (Starr, page 75). In 63 BC he secured election to the august post of “pontifex maximus,” which made him chief in the Roman religious affairs (Caesar, page 4). In 61 BC, after one year of being praetor, Julius became governor of a Spanish province. In 60 BC he returned from Spain with exceptional military experience and decided he wanted to be consul, and as a result, Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey formed the first Triumvirate, which basically means they were the authority in the civilization. The triumvirate ruled for Caesar to be one of the consuls for the following year, 59 BC (Starr, page 79). After one year as consul, in Caesar appointed himself as governor of Illyricum and Cisalpine Gaul for...
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...History of Roman Empire Name Institution Many have credited Augustus Caesar as the first real great emperor of Rome. Modern historians know him as a historical figure made one of the most significant impacts in the ancient world. He became a Caesar after the Assassination of Julius Caesar (Buchan, 1937, p.18). Many people know Augustus Caesar for his effort and achievement of uniting the Roman Empire that became for over one hundred years. There has been a mixed reaction among many scholars concerning the life and rulership of Augustus. Some have viewed his achievements favorable while the other party sees him as a failure. Both facts are worth looking. It is true that while ruling Augustus achieved a lot but also had failures accompanying his reign. Augustus is Roman born in the year 63 B.C. His name was Gaius Octavius. His family was a very influential family. His father was the governor of Macedonia before he died in the year 58 BC. His Mother Caesonia was niece to the greatest general of Rome Julius Caesar. Julius Caesar took Augustus and adopted him as his son in the year 46 B.C. making him his heir. Augustus took over power from his father in the year 27 BC after his dad died of poisoning (Grant, 1978, p.32). While he was an emperor, he expanded Rome borders and took interest in civic and cultural affairs. Augustus slept in the year 14 A.D. and his son Tiberius replaced him. While still...
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...Augustus (Octavian) Caesar was an extremely important man in the Roman Empire. He united Romans and brought them many great feats and a desperately needed time of peace. He brought victory through many civil wars, brought forth a constitutional settlement, and unified and strengthened the Empire. When Augustus came into power Rome had been experiencing some civil warring. These wars had started in the Late Republic between 146 and 27 B.C.E because of the huge divide between the classes. The rich were gaining more wealth and the poor were becoming even more poor. This split caused much tension and hostility. By 31 B.C.E Augustus had successfully won the civil war. He had lead his people to victory and began fixing the issues throughout the Roman Empire. The next thing Augustus Caesar did was create a constitutional settlement in 27 B.C.E. He managed to create a government ruled by an Emperor that still had the appearance of a republic. This was especially important because the Roman people despised one person rule. When one person was in charge they become greedy and abuse their power in the eyes of the Roman people. This is why anyone who took over ruling Rome for...
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...person that I selected is Caesar Augustus because his actions resulted in the restoration of the stability of ancient Rome. The chaos and civil war resulting from the assassination of Julius Caesar caused the Roman Republic to quickly unravel and potentially collapse. After Octavian’s victory at the Battle of Actium against Marc Antony and Cleopatra, the Roman Republic fell; however, Octavian was there to lead Rome’s transition from Republic to Empire. He was then awarded the title Augustus and became the first emperor of Rome. Along with his position as emperor, Augustus obtained other titles such as head of the Senate, leader of the military, and chief priest. His overall goal for the Empire was to re-establish the security...
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...The Roman Empire Websearch I. The Roman Empire: a. The Roman Empire was both a place of “mixed sophistication and brutality” because Roman emperors were hungry for power and strength. Many emperors would abuse their power and as a result became corrupt. This corruption angered the citizens and many times an emperor would be assassinated due to his unlawful acts. II. Emperors: a. Hereditary rule is the appointment of an emperor solely because he is born into the royal family. When an emperor died, his oldest son would take his place and rule the empire. This usually resulted in tyranny and dictatorship. b. Being an emperor at this time was a very risky job. As an emperor you had to satisfy your people. If the military grew upset with the...
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...hailed as “Charles Augustus, Emperor of the Romans because many of his followers and subjects proclaimed that Charlemagne restored the Roman Empire in the west through his actions and accomplishments. Although his subjects believed that he restored the Roman Empire of the past through his actions and accomplishments, it makes me wonder how accurately did he restore the Roman Empire and why did it not endure after his death. Charlemagne did not restore the Roman Empire to its fullest through his actions of governing and forming his empire. Charlemagne formed his empire and then divided it into smaller administrative units. These unites were called counties and he appointed Counts to administer them in his name. In some military districts he created other royal officials called Dukes and Margraves to serve the same purpose as counts but was responsible for leading the king’s armies. Because of Charlemagne giving power to other people to rule his empire, it made his empire different than the Roman Empire. In the formation of the Roman Empire, Augustus Caesar was granted two powers by the Senate, the “Tibunician Power” and the “Proconsular Imperium Maius.” Both these powers...
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...Initially the Italian Peninsula had three main groups on it, the Romans, the Greeks and the Etruscans. Rome itself was founded in 753 B.C.E. An Etruscan led monarchy was overthrown in 509 B.C.E. The Roman Republic consisted of two Consuls who were chosen annually and led the army into battle. The Roman praetor ruled in the consul’s absence but was responsible for civil justice. New praetors were put in place to rule over conquered provinces. During emergencies a temporary dictator was voted in who had unlimited power to handle the threat to Rome. Quaestor's assisted in financial matters, while aediles supervised the public games and grain supply. The Roman Senate consisted of 300 men who served for life and advised the consuls. The centuriate assembly was the political assembly of the Roman army, and the tribunes of the plebs were to protect plebeians against patrician magistrates. The council of the plebs, 471 B.C.E., passed laws for the plebeians. The Twelve Tables of Law had the laws and policies written down for all to see. The Roman confederation, 338 B.C.E., allowed for conquered nations to become citizens, it allowed for provinces to maintain their own autonomy in exchange for soldiers for the Roman Army. After the Italian Peninsula, Romans faced off with Carthage located by Tyre. Three Punic Wars followed with Carthage ultimately defeated. The First Triumvirate was a coalition between Pompey, Crassus and Caesar, who felt that the senate was continuously trying to thwart...
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...Augustan Today, we have many resources of arts and buildings left over by Roman people. Most significantly, these resources handed over by Roman period was distinctively survived really long time, and people still think they have outstanding values for today’s studies. It brings me an attention to write this paper on the great Augustan period when it is better known for the Golden ages of Roman era. First empire begins with many civil wars within the empire by people of republicans and the great leaders like Julius Caesar. At the Caesarian time, people were greatly pleasured with wealth and strength of nation. However, when the many of nation’s senates set up an assassination of Caesar, and bring the nation back to republican nation, the nation, again, shakes in civil wars and fights amongst themselves. Therefore, heroic character rises into this chaotic time of Rome, C. Octavius. He is stepson of Caesar who was inherited in power by Caesar. By it means, people had much interest in him, and he was served in people’s favor. One fact that he is well known for many of his work in the beginning of Roman empire, I was driven to his life and accomplishments. “At a time when the whole world is still facing after-war prob-lems of rehabilitation, material and spiritual, and in the bewilder-ment of chaos needs light from every source, it occurred to me that it would be of value to review the great period of Roman reconstruction, the Augustan age, to see if from the problems it faced, its...
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...the period before the first Roman triumvirate as a time that corruption weighed on Romans in general. Cicero had emerged as a skilled orator that both served Rome in the fight against injustice, but also became viewed by the senior senate as someone who was able to undermine the old institutions of power through skill and manipulation. The public corruption had begun to expose the weaknesses of the current form of government and opened many minds to the sentiment that some individuals could be trusted with governance more than the current leaders who could be manipulated by the aristocracy. This paper will compare key players like Julius Caesar and Caesar Augustus in their rise to power, as well as their importance in the events leading to the end of the republic government. The role of Mark Antony and Egyptian Queen Cleopatra will be examined in the events leading up to the battle that ended the republic and began the empire. Finally, the Roman Empire’s expansion north into Gaul, Germania, and Britain will be examined. Around 60bce, leaders like Pompey had had very successful campaigns outside of Italy that provided wealth and influence that held both military and diplomatic appeal. This was precisely the case with Pompey having gained wealth and the loyalty of a large army. Having operated independently from senate authority for many years, his return to Rome was rightly seen as a threat to the republic. At the same time, Julius Caesar emerged as a rising political...
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...In 27 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianany historians see the beginning of the Roman Empire as the golden age of Roman literature and arts, however this period would also become known for its great extravagance and imperial notoriety. It's worth taking a look at the eras leading up to the Julio-Claudian dynasty and how each period's contributions would influence the Julio-Claudian emperors. The first era in Roman history, beginning in 753 BC and ending in 509 BC, came to be known as the Roman Kingdom. The Roman Kingdom is generally accepted as the founding of Rome itself. Little is certain about the history of the Roman Kingdom, as nearly no written records from that time have survived, and the historical records that were subsequently written are largely based on legends. It is thought to have begun with the settlements around the Palatine Hill in Central Italy. It is generally thought to have ended with the overthrow of the kings and the establishment of the Republic in approximately 509 BC. The period immediately following the Roman Kingdom came to be known as the Roman Republic, which began in 509 BC and continued through 27 BC. It was during this period that...
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...Long essay How Christianity affected the empire * Think in term of centuries * Constantine Germans, army, borders * German influence lead to the end of the empire * Battle of Adrianople Germans beat romans * Start taking parts of Rome * Bad emperors in west * Bad economy lets Germans in Short essay The splitting of the empire * Why do they split * Why does the west fall * How are they different in culture, language * West has bad emperors * East pays people no to invade Emergence of absolute autocracy * Augustus * Power of the emperor Who is the most important person in second triumvirate * Augustus * Sets of empire * What world did he create with reforms * Makes it seem like he is going back to old time values Dates Edict of toleration 313 AD Founding of Constantinople 330 AD Fall of western Rome (fall of the roman empire) 476 AD Start of the empire 27 BCE When Germans sacked Rome 410 CE?? Study 11-5 to present Christianity Chronology 64 First persecution of Christians under Emperor Nero 274 Birthdat of Constantine 303 Great Persecution begins and Diocletion issues edict that bans the practice of christianity 312 Constantine embraces christianity after vision 313 Edict of Milan tolerates christians 324 Constantine is sole emperor of Rome 326 Edicts of Constantine against Christian heretics 330 Constantinople "New Rome" 341 Imperial...
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...The Roman Period Timeline of Roman Period Early History * 1000 BC - Latins begin to settle in Italy. * 753 BC - The city is allegedly founded in this year by Romulus and Remus. * 750 BC - Tarpeia besieges cities, and hands it over to the Sabines * 700 BC - Near Rome, the Etruscan civilization more or less begins. * 659 BC - The enemy city of Alba Longa is destroyed by the Romans. * 616 BC - The first Etruscan king of Rome, Tarquinius Priscus establishes a Forum and a Circus Maximus. * c.600 BC - Cloaca Maxima is probably first built around this year. * 578 BC - Servius Tullius becomes the next Etruscan king of Rome * 565 BC - Servian Walls are built. * 534 BC - King Servius is assassinated. * 510 BC - Temple of Jupiter on the Capitol is completed and consecrated. * 509 BC - Lucius Brutus founds the republic and expels the Etruscans and Tarquin the Proud from Rome. * 508 BC - A Treaty is made between Rome and Carthage. * 507 BC - The famous war against the Etruscans begins, featuring hero Horatio. Republic * 499 BC - A battle against foreign tribes commences, including the construction of the Temple of Castor and Pollux. * 396 BC - The Etruscan city of Veio is defeated by the Romans * 390 BC - Rome is sacked by the Gauls after the Battle of the Allia * 380 BC - The once destroyed Servian Wall is reconstructed. * 312 BC - The Via Appia and Aqua Appia are constructed. * 264 - 241 BC - First Punic...
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...Augustus Caesar Born Gaius Octavius, Augustus was born in September of 63 B.C. Octavius' father, Gaius Octavius, was a praetor for two years until he died in 58 B.C. Therefore, Octavius grew up without a father for most of his life. Through Octavius' long life of seventy-seventy years, he accomplished a great deal. He reduced the size of the Senate, he was an integral part of the second triumvirate, and he was elected the Pontifex Maximus, just to name a few of these accomplishments. Octavius received the name Augustus by holding the consulship and receiving various awards. This title was not given out to just anyone. In order to receive this title, one must be a large contributor to the city (Boardman 533-534). Octavius Caesar was related to the famous Julius Caesar through Octavius' mother. Atria was Octavius' grandmother and Julius Caesar's sister, therefore making Octavius his great-nephew. When Julius Caesar was murdered in 44 B.C., his will read that Octavius was to be adopted by him, making Octavius his son and heir to the Roman Empire. Also, in his will it stated that every citizen of Rome would receive a cash gift. Octavius rushed to Rome to take his throne, but when he arrived in Rome, he realized the Antony had already taken control of the city. He could not persuade Antony to release the money in Julius Caesar's treasury so he had to borrow all the money he could to give the gifts to the citizens. Julius Octavius Caesar was only eighteen when he was thrust...
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...main reason why Rome ceased being a Republic and became an Empire? What relevance does this have to modern America? Take the “God and Gold” book into account.” The Roman Republic was doing well from its beginning in 510 BC: it developed a good form of government: the senate, legislative assemblies and the executive magistrates. It had won a lot of its adjacent territory, and had great leaders. These great leaders brought more quality to the Rome Republic but as other great leaders, some of them wanted more. Human beings have always been driven by ambition; it has always existed and always will. This is the instinct that drives people to invent new goods or go through new paths. The ambition of its leaders and the fear of its people lead to the fall of Roman Republic in conjunction with the decisions the Senate made in these times. ! The ambition of Julius Caesar can be seen throughout his actions1. When Britain was invaded by Rome twice in 55 BC, the troops were headed by him. The first time, Caesar was unsuccessful at capturing Britain. Caesar did not give up, his ambition brought him back a second time, making a deal with the king Mandubracius and successfully securing part of Britain for Rome. After this battle Caesar, got to cease power over Rome in a clash against Pompey and the Senate2. Later, he was promoted to “dictator in perpetuity.” This great ambition brought good things to Rome3; For example, Caesar focused Rome’s army on teamwork and wanted to expand its territories...
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...Phillip II’s campaign Greece became a very successful and large territory. Following Greece, Rome became an even larger empire created by Julius Caesar. There were various changes between Greece and Rome rule regarding governmental structure, land ruled, language used, and social structure. Although a there was much change between the empires, there were many continuities as well such as religious views, social class relations, philosophies, and social activities. One of the major changes between Greece rule and Roman rule was the territory that was controlled. The Greek Empire stretched from Macedonia to Punjab. It could have been expanded further, but Alexander the Greats troops did not wish to push farther into India after...
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