...28% of French descent. The rest are immigrants from all over the world. Even though English is the most spoken language, Canada has since 1969 had two official languages, French and English, which means that public offices and institutions has to attend in the language the consumer wishes. This bilingualism is probably a result of the particular rights, which the population of Quebec acquired when the brits captured Canada from the French. Quebec has remained a cohesive French speaking area. Just like America, Canada was discovered long before it was discovered. As early as year 1000 the Scandinavians were cutting down trees, and in the 15th century the French, Spanish and Portuguese fishermen were fishing in Newfoundland. It is said that a misunderstanding caused the name Canada. The Indians used the word Kanata for settlement. Columbus understood this as the name of the country itself, and has since then been the official name. In the 17th century, England and France became interested in the areas in North America, which was not already captured by Spain. The battles between the two countries in the 18th century had the consequence that Canada was assigned to the English Crown. After Americas independence in 1776 a lot of American settlers who wished to remain loyal to England moved up north and laid the foundation for the English dominated Canada. Due to the threats from the strong American north states, three Canadian colonies formed a Confederation in 1867, which the...
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...individuals who hold their traditions of simple living, self-labor, and isolation very highly. Eastern parts of the United States as well as Canada are the most common areas where Amish communities are established. The group originated from Switzerland and received their name from their leader Jakob Ammann who, during the 18th century, led their immigration to Pennsylvania. Despite their customary values of seclusion, the Amish still experience the equal degrees of obstacles as any other organization may face. The Amish do not have the merchandises or products of the mainstream society, but they still remain successful in preserving their culture and beliefs by continuing to live with their traditional ways. AMISH COMMUNITY 3 Amish Community In the Western parts of the United States, it is uncommon to come across a person following the Amish culture but in most parts of Eastern America such as Pennsylvania Indiana, or even Canada, it is a norm. The Amish or Amish Mennonites are a group of Anabaptist Christians known for their simplistic living, old-fashioned clothing, and their opposition to modernization such as the use of electric appliances. Also known as “The Plain People” or Old Order Amish, they originated in Switzerland in approximately 1693 during the reformation of the 18th century in Europe with a man named Jakob Ammann as their leader. Traditions and seclusion from the rest of the world were and still are important aspects...
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...Canadian identity refers to the unique culture, characteristics and condition of being Canadian, as well as the many symbols and expressions that set Canada and Canadians apart from other peoples and cultures of the world. Primary influences on the Canadian identity trace back to the arrival, beginning in the early seventeenth century, of French settlers to Acadia and the St. Lawrence River Valley, English settlers to Newfoundland, the British conquest of New France in 1759, and the ensuing dominance of French and British culture in the gradual development of both an imperial and a national identity. Throughout the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, First Nations played a critical part in the development of European colonies in Canada, from their role in assisting exploration of the continent, the fur trade and inter-European power struggles to the creation of the Métis people. Carrying through the 20th century and to the present day, Canadian aboriginal art and culture continues to exert a marked influence on Canadian identity. The question of Canadian identity was traditionally dominated by three fundamental themes: first, the often conflicted relations between English Canadians and French Canadians stemming from the French Canadian imperative for cultural and linguistic survival; secondly, the generally close ties between English Canadians and the British Empire, resulting in a gradual political process towards complete independence from the imperial power, and, finally...
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...The 18th Century marked a movement for Canada as they transformed from a small, developing country, to an influential power in our world. The war of 1812 was the seedbed that sparked this development and is responsible for the independant nation that Canada is known as today. This four year war between the United States and Great Britain has not only made its mark in Canadian History but has also revealed to the other forces that Canada could not be taken down without a fight. Through the North American countries, and the surrounding treacherous seas, the war was fought in hopes to resolve the numerous maritime and trade issues, come to a compromise regarding the Embargo Act, and most importantly, protecting land from territorial expansion...
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... Byzantine Art 5th Century AD. to 1453 Figure 3: Christ Pantokrator, Central Dome, Church of the Dormition (mosaic), 1090-1100, Byzantine Art, Greece, (Adendorff, 2008:25) Middle Ages 312-1341 Figure 4: Unknown, St. Matthew, from the Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims, 826-835, Middle ages, (Adendorff, 2008:31) Roman Art 500 BC – 300 AD Figure 5: Unknown, Emperor Augustus (white marble), 1st Century, Roman art, Rome, (Von Heintze, 1990:143) Renaissance 12th to 17th Centuries Figure 6: Sandro Botticelli, The Birth of Venus (tempera on canvas), 1482, Renaissance, Uffizi Gallery, Florence, (Adendorff, 2008:54) Baroque Art 17th and 18th Centuries Figure 7: Diego Velazquez, Las Meninas (oil on canvas), 1656, Baroque art, Museo del Prado, Madrid, (Adendorff, 2009:16) Neo-Classicism 18th and 19th Centuries Figure 8: Jacques Louis David, Oath of Horatti (oil on canvas), 1784, Neo-Classism, Louvre, Paris, (Rosenblum & Janson, 2004:27) Romanticism 1750-1850 Figure 9: Thėodore Gėricault, Raft of the Medusa (oil on canvas), 1818-1819, Romanticism, Louvre, Paris, (Adendorff, 2009:33) Realism 19th Century Figure 10: Honorė Daumier, The Third-Class Carriage (oil on canvas), 1862, Realism, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, (Adendorff, 2009:43) Impressionism 19th Century Figure 11: Edgar Degas...
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...era was for the invention of Canada. I think the most important event that happened during this era was The Constitutional Act. As we all know, The American Revolution was also an important time of history for both the history of America and Canada. The Constitutional Act reorganized the government and created what was called Upper Canada and Lower Canada. 1 Upper Canada accommodated the English speaking and Lower Canada accommodated the French. In terms of geographical location what I found interesting was that Upper Canada (English) is what is now Southern Ontario and Lower Canada is now what is Southern Quebec. I found this interesting because 225 years later and those locations both serve similar traits. What was Upper Canada is statistically more English speaking and what was Lower Canada is statistically more French speaking. Secondly, I found Part II of the lecture notes about petitioning to be interesting. I have never participated in a petition before and I don’t know the level of degree they help to resolve issues but as the lecture notes state from the 18th century; petitions were increasingly part and parcel of the development of democracy. 2 Between 1763-1840 petitions served as a major development of Canada. After reading the lectures notes I believe a majority of the petitions involved English and French speaking and the debate of boundaries of land for Lower and Upper Canada. The petition that I came across considered Upper Canada and was signed by 60,000 due...
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...Canada has created a huge reputation and has left a large imprint on the minds of others even though it has only been a short time for Canada’s existence. Canadian Identity can be analyzed in two different ways. One way of analyzing Canadian identity is to study our image that we project into the world. Identity can also be analyzed by studying how other locations see Canada as a country. Canada has been recognized by most places around the world as a peacekeeping and multiculturist nation. To Canadians, the world revolves around Canada and its peaceful endeavours. Canadian identity directly refers to unique culture, conditions and characteristics of being a Canadian, as well as many other different symbols and expressions that set Canadian...
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...transition is from high fertility and morality to low fertility to morality. (Editorial Board [EB], 2013, p. 191). Demographic transition is known for collecting data from countries about human population and is also known for the categories in 4 stages. (EB, 2013, pg. 192). Stage one deal with pre modern times in demographic transition. This stage change in the 18th century when the balance was broken in Western Europe. In stage one the birth rates and death rates are very high. This cause very slow population growth until the 18th century as stated above. The causes of deaths in stage on were fever, plagues, infections, TB, measles, whooping cough, and dysentery. Along with these problem poor hygiene, and clean during water wasn’t available. Some has called this stage the “Malthusian stalemate” because of its characteristics. (Montgomery, K. n.d.). Stage two; many have seen a rise in Europe population because the death rates have decreased slightly. It is still debatable that the birth rates stayed the same or risen slightly. The decline in death rates was seen in Europe starting in the 18th century in the north and the west. The reason for the lower death rates was two causes. One was the food. With food Europe develops new technology that helps grow food faster and bigger. When the food was no longer a problem people found work and had more food to eat so they married younger and started having babies sooner. The second is the improvement in food and hygiene...
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...Iceland and Greenland, Norwegians had discovered America and attempted to settle areas such as Newfoundland, but failed. However, evidence suggests that Norwegians in Greenland returned to North America for several centuries after the initial discovery to collect timber, the most relevant evidence regarding Maine being the Maine Penny. The first European settlement in Maine was in 1604 on Saint Croix Island, by Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons, including Samuel de Champlain, the noted explorer. The French named the entire area Acadia, including the portion that later became the state of Maine. The first English settlement in Maine was established by the Plymouth Company at Popham in 1607, the same year as the settlement at Jamestown, Virginia. The Popham colonists returned to England after 14 months. Two Jesuit missions were established by the French: one on Penobscot Bay in 1609, and the other on Mount Desert Island in 1613. The same year, Castine was established by Claude de La Tour. In 1625, Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour erected Fort Pentagouet to protect Castine. The coastal areas of western Maine first became the Province of Maine in a 1622 land patent. Eastern Maine north of the Kennebec River was more sparsely settled and was known in the 17th century as the Territory of Sagadahock. A second settlement was attempted at a place called York, in 1623, by English explorer and naval Captain Christopher Levett, granted 6,000 acres by King Charles I of England. That...
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...NAME: RAZZ ACIZ CRN: PAD 700-05 TOPIC: ALCOHOL SERVICE AT BARS MUST STOP BY 4:00AM IN NEW YORK STATE. Alcoholic beverages regulation in the United States emerged from the standards established in the United Kingdom. It all started with the regulation of prices to prevent inflation, down to the aspects of managing consumption and labor discipline. Such pattern continued to be the focus of regulations within the United States from the Fifteenth century to early twentieth century regulations on saloons, which are often seen as meeting centers for labor unions. Back then was the belief that drinking and entertainment were an obvious impediment to a longer, more regular working week and the intensification of work required by industrialization. These regulations were not established to prohibit consumption of alcohol so much as to regulate the conditions of its use. It was not until the midnight of January 16, 1920, that the Prohibition Act came into effect. The whole of United States went dry; breweries, distilleries, and saloons were forced to shut down. The temperance movements had triumphed by linking Prohibition to a variety of Progressive era social causes. Among the reformers were industrialists, such as Henry Ford, who were concerned about the impact of drinking on labor productivity and many women reformers who were concerned about alcohol's link to wife beating and child abuse. Proponents of Prohibition claimed that without alcohol...
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...What does the word ‘colony’ means? It means a group of people who leave their native country to form in a new land a settlement subject to, or connected with, the parent nation. The word ‘colony’ is used as a noun. Colonize is a verb form of this word. In the past, Britain colonized Americans from 1607 in Jamestown, Virginia. It reached its peak when colonies had been established. During the 18th century, three types of colonies existed in the British Empire in America. Those were charter colonies, proprietary colonies, and royal colonies. After Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815) ended, British territories in the Americas were slowly granted more responsible government. The Durham Report recommended full responsible government for Canada in 1838,...
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...The Jamaican Maroons were runaway slaves who fought the British during the 18th century. When the British invaded Jamaica in 1655 the Spanish colonists fled leaving a large number of Africans who they had enslaved. | | Rather than be re-enslaved by the British, they escaped into the hilly, mountainous regions of the island, joining those who had previously escaped from the Spanish to live with the Taínos. They were very organized and knew the country well. Because of this, additional runaway slaves joined them. The two main Maroon groups were the Leeward and the Windward tribes, the former led by Cudjoe in Trelawny Town and the latter led by his sister Queen Nanny (and later by Quao). Over time, the Maroons came to control large areas of the Jamaican interior and they often moved down from the hills to raid the plantations. This resulted in the First Maroon War. In 1739-40 the British government in Jamaica came to an agreement with the Maroons. They were to remain in their five main towns Accompong, Trelawny Town, Moore Town, Scots Hall and Nanny Town, living under their own chief with a British supervisor. In exchange, they agreed not to harbour new runaway slaves, but rather to help catch them. They were paid a bounty for each returned slave. This last clause in the treaty naturally caused tension between the Maroons and the enslaved black population, although from time to time runaways from the plantations still found their way into Maroon settlements. ...
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...1066 was the beginning of the French impact on the English language. (Cactus World Wide Inc.). Norman French became the official language there for the next three centuries. During this time, Old English had almost disappeared, however, Norman French soon became Anglo-Norman as it had been impacted by English. This became known as the transition from Old English to Middle English. Over 10,000 French words found their way into the English language and over three-fourths of these words are still used today. (Cactus World Wide Inc.). Some of the most popular words and phrases borrowed from the French language are beef (from French boeuf), joy (from French ryjoui), and on the menu (from French à la carte). (About.com). About thirty percent of all English words come from French according to Wikipedia. Wikipedia also notes that there are around 80,000 English words taken from French. French colonization in North America spread rapidly in late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. During the French-Indian War, French was already quite popular in Colonial America and even in parts of Canada. The French embraced the Native Americans and traded fairly with them while the English tried to force their will upon the natives. The English and the French battled seven long Venigalla 2 years for territory in the mid-18th century to gain a greater presence in the New World. (Wikipedia contributors). The first major French settlement in...
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...Susanna Moodie’s ‘Roughing It in the Bush’ is a significant piece of Canadian literature as it describes the experience of emigrating from England to permanently settle in Canada, from Moodie’s perspective. Moodie’s initial impression of Quebec is significant as she subliminally describes nature and Canada’s scenery as if through rose tinted glasses, in the sense that she elevates Canada to a level of grandeur. These depictions of nature and beauty could be interpreted as Moodie reporting back to readers in England that Canada in reality is a viable utopia for immigrants. Moreover her descriptions of Canada and Canadian wilderness are from an imperial British point of view as evident with references to a monarchy, this could be perceived as...
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...This sparked a movement for Universal Health Care during the last half of the 20th century, with More Developed Countries introducing coverage in rapid succession. Universal Coverage was introduced in Western and Southern Europe, Australia, Canada, and some Asian countries, like Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea. With the fall of the Soviet bloc, Russia reformed its own universal health care system, with the intent of having a system with the funding to actually help its citizens. Even developing countries in Pacific-Asia, Africa, Latin America, and the Caribbean have taken steps to introduce Universal Health Coverage. They have worked hard to control fraud and tax people who are earning livable wages in order to give health care to those unable to support themselves. (Eagle,...
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