...STOP ;stop condition SJMP $ START: SETB SDA ;set SDA line SETB SCL ;set SCL line ACALL DELAY ;delay CLR SDA ;clear SDA line ACALL DELAY ;delay CLR SCL ;clear SCL line RET STOP: CLR SCL ;clear SCL line CLR SDA ;clear SDA line SETB SCL ;set SCL line ACALL DELAY ;delay SETB SDA ;set SDA line ACALL DELAY ;delay CLR SCL ;clear SCL line RET DATA_SENT: CLR SCL ;clear SCL line MOV R3,#08H ;create a counter of 8, to transmit 8 bit data AA: RLC A ;rotate accumulator left through carry MOV SDA,C ;transmit from MSB to LSB ACALL DELAY ;delay SETB SCL ;set SCL line ACALL DELAY ;delay CLR SCL ;clear SCL line DJNZ R3,AA ;decrement the counter, if =0 return RET ACK: SETB SDA ;set SDA line SETB SCL ;set SCL line ACALL DELAY ;delay CLR SCL ;clear SCL line ACALL DELAY ;delay MOV C,SDA RET DELAY: NOP ;delay subroutine NOP NOP NOP NOP RET MY_DATA: DB 0X56,0X76,0X77 ;data to be sent are stored in rom END...
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...AVR312: Using the USI module as a I2C slave Features • • • • C-code driver for TWI slave, with transmit and receive buffers Compatible with Philips' I2C protocol Interrupt driven, detection and transmission/reception Wake up from all sleep mode, including Power Down 8-bit Microcontrollers Application Note 1 Introduction The Two Wire serial Interface (TWI) is compatible with Philips' I2C protocol. The bus was developed to allow simple, robust and cost effective communication between integrated circuits in electronics. The strengths of the TWI bus includes the capability of addressing up to 128 devices on the same bus, arbitration, and the possibility to have multiple masters on the bus. The Universal Serial Interface (USI) module on devices such as ATmega169, ATtiny26 and ATtiny2313, has a dedicated Two-wire mode. The USI provides the basic hardware resources needed for synchronous serial communication. Combined with a minimum of control software, the USI allows higher transfer rates and uses less code space than solutions based on software only. Interrupts are included to minimize the processor load. This document describes how to use the USI for TWI slave communication. Source code for communication drivers for transmission and reception is provided. The code is complete with both data buffer handling and combined transmitter and receiver. Rev. 2560C-AVR-09/05 2 Theory This section gives a short description of the TWI and USI interfaces...
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...Project Introduction Himont, LLC is currently undergoing a revamping of their information technology department. A cost analysis was performed on the IT operations business unit to determine current and future operating costs. It was identified that nearly $250K was being spent quarterly on housing and maintaining physical servers to support the businesses national infrastructure needs in Orange County, California. This cost was thought to be too high to maintain. A project has been spun up to move off of the current privately owned Himont, LLC infrastructure to T5 Data Centers that is approximately 20 miles away in El Segundo, California. The project will commence in approximately 2 weeks after the companies kickoff meeting. The project management plan has been created and the stakeholders have been registered. The project is still in need of a solidified project stakeholder list, RACI to help identify roles and responsibilities and an overall communication plan. This document is meant to satisfy that need. Project Stakeholder Registry Name | Company | Position | Program Role | Martha Graham | Himont | CIO | Sponsor | Shawn Smith | Himont | IT Operations Director | Sponsor | Sue Limbs | T5 | VP of Client Relations | Vendor Business Lead | Paul Stanley | T5 | Data Center Director | Vendor Technical Lead | Matthew Cain | Himont | Senior IT Consultant | Project Manager | Responsible, Accountable, Contributing, Informed (RACI) It is often difficult to reach...
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...Project Proposal: Refurbishment for Hotel Metro, Covent Garden Prepared for: Prepared by: ID Number: Date: Project Management 22 October 2015 Page !1 of !39 1. Project Summary 4 Project Initiation 5 2. 2.1.Aims and Constraints 5 2.2. Contraints 5 3. Project Definition 6 3.1.Business Case 6 3.2.Stakeholder 6 3.3. Kick-off Meeting 6 3.4.Project Planning 6 3.4.1. Project Integration Management 6 3.4.2. Project Work Breakdown Structure 7 3.4.3. Project Time Management 7 3.4.4. Cost Management 7 4. Project Execution 7 4.1. Project Quality Management 7 4.2. Project Communication Management 7 4.3. Project Human Resource Management 7 4.4. Project Risk Management 8 4.5. Monitoring and Controlling 8 4.6. Closing the Project 8 5. Recommendations 8 6. Conclusion 9 7. Bibliography 10 8. Appendix 11 Appendix 1 - Business Case 11 1. Proposal Summary 11 2. Proposal Status 11 3. Business Case Validation 11 Appendix 2 - Financial Appraisal 13 Appendix 3 - Stakeholder Register 14 Appendix 4 - Stakeholder Analysis 15 Appendix 5 - Kick-off Meeting 16 Meeting Objectives: 16 Agenda: 16 Appendix 6 - Milestone List 16 Appendix 7 - Team Contract 17 Code of Conduct: 17 Participation: 17 Communication:...
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...(12-1) Cash flow estimation 1 F I K Answer: b EASY . Because of improvements in forecasting techniques, estimating the cash flows associated with a project has become the easiest step in the capital budgeting process. a. True b. False (12-1) Cash flow estimation 2 F I K Answer: a EASY . Estimating project cash flows is generally the most important, but also the most difficult, step in the capital budgeting process. Methodology, such as the use of NPV versus IRR, is important, but less so than obtaining a reasonably accurate estimate of projects' cash flows. a. True b. False (12-1) Cash flow estimation 3 F I K Answer: b EASY . Although it is extremely difficult to make accurate forecasts of the revenues that a project will generate, projects' initial outlays and subsequent costs can be forecasted with great accuracy. This is especially true for large product development projects. a. True b. False (12-1) Relevant cash flows 4 F I K Answer: b EASY . Since the focus of capital budgeting is on cash flows rather than on net income, changes in noncash balance sheet accounts such as inventory are not included in a capital budgeting analysis. a. True b. False (12-1) Relevant cash flows F I K Answer: a EASY Chapter 12: Cash Flow and Risk True/False Page 231 5 . If an investment project would make use of land which the firm currently owns, the project should be charged with the opportunity...
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... | |p| | |i| | |c| | |]| | |[| |[| |p|[pic] |p| |i|PERT requires three estimates of activity completion time, while CPM only requires a single estimate. |i| |c| |c| |]|[pic] |]| | |[pic] ...
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............................................................................. 4 Main Body .............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.0 Project Charter ......................................................................................................................... 5 Project Vision .................................................................................................................................. 6 Project Objectives/Deliverables ....................................................................................................... 6 Assumptions .................................................................................................................................... 7 Risks and Dependencies................................................................................................................... 7 Actor Catalog .................................................................................................................................. 9 Business Process Flow ................................................................................................................... 10 Project Organization Chart ............................................................................................................. 11 Roles and Responsibility ......................................................................................
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...PART I | 5-7 | PART II | 8-10 | PART III | 11-13 | PART IV | 14-16 | REFLECTION | 17-18 | CONCLUSION | 19 | APPRECIATION First of all, I would like to say thank you for giving me the power to complete this project work. Not forgotten my parents for providing me any material to complete this project and their support which are the most needed for this project. Internet, books, computer and the list goes on. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this project so that I will not procrastinatein doing it. For their strong support, I would like to express my gratitude to my beloved parents. They also helped me to find the mark to complete this project. They have always been at my side and I hope that they will still be there in the future. Besides, I would like to thank my Additional Mathematics teacher, Pn. Phong Bee Bee as she had gave us some important guidance and commitment during this project work. She has been a very supportive figure throughout the project. Then I would also want to thank my teacher for guiding me and my friends throughout this project. We had faced some difficulties in doing this task, but she taught us patiently until we knew what to do. She had tried to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work. I also want to thank my friends for assisting me to complete the project. They have done a great job at collecting the materials and sharing information needed to complete the project. Without...
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...Capital 1(11-2) NPV and IRR F I Answer: b EASY [i]. A basic rule in capital budgeting is that If a project's NPV exceeds its IRR, then the project should be accepted. a. True b. False 2(11-2) Mutually exclusive projects F I Answer: b EASY [ii]. Conflicts between two mutually exclusive projects occasionally occur, where the NPV method ranks one project higher but the IRR method puts the other one first. In theory, such conflicts should be resolved in favor of the project with the higher IRR. a. True b. False 3(11-3) IRR F I Answer: b EASY [iii]. Other things held constant, an increase in the cost of capital will result in a decrease in a project's IRR. a. True b. False 4(11-4) Multiple IRRs F I Answer: b EASY [iv]. The phenomenon called "multiple internal rates of return" arises when two or more mutually exclusive projects that have different lives are being compared. a. True b. False 5(11-5) Reinvestment rate assumption F I Answer: b EASY [v]. The IRR method is based on the assumption that projects' cash flows are reinvested at the project's risk-adjusted cost of capital. a. True b. False 6(11-6) Modified IRR F I Answer: b EASY [vi]. When evaluating mutually exclusive projects, the modified IRR (MIRR) always leads to the same capital budgeting decisions as the NPV method, regardless of the relative lives or sizes of the projects being evaluated. ...
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...for Project Hydrogen is 4.29 years. The payback period for Project Helium is 5.75 years. Both projects are acceptable because their payback periods are less than Elysian Fields’ maximum payback period criterion of 6 years. NPV E10-2. Answer: Year 1 2 3 4 5 Cash Inflow $400,000 375,000 300,000 350,000 200,000 Total $1,389,677.35 Present Value $ 377,358.49 333,748.67 251,885.78 277,232.78 149,451.63 $1,389,677.35 NPV $1,250,000 $139,677.35 Herky Foods should acquire the new wrapping machine. CAPITAL BUDGETING PROBLEMS: CHAPTER 10 E10-3: Answer: NPV comparison of two projects Project Kelvin Present value of expenses Present value of cash inflows PV) NPV –$45,000 51,542 (PMT $20,000, N $ 6,542 3, I 8, Solve for Project Thompson Present value of expenses $275,000 Present value of cash inflows 277,373 (PMT $60,000, N 6, I 8, Solve for PV) NPV $ 2,373 Based on NPV analysis, Axis Corporation should choose an overhaul of the existing system. E10-4: Answer: IRR You may use a financial calculator to determine the IRR of each project. Choose the project with the higher IRR. Project T-Shirt PV 15,000, N Solve for I IRR 39.08% 4, PMT 8,000 Project Board Shorts PV 25,000, N 5, PMT 12,000 Solve for I IRR 38.62% Based on IRR analysis, Billabong Tech should choose project T-Shirt. E10-5: Answer: NPV Note: The IRR for Project Terra is 10.68% while that of Project Firma is 10.21%. Furthermore, when the discount rate is zero, the sum of Project Terra’s...
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...Investment Decisions I. DEFINITIONS INCREMENTAL CASH FLOWS a 1. The changes in a firm’s future cash flows that are a direct consequence of accepting a project are called _____ cash flows. a. incremental b. stand-alone c. after-tax d. net present value e. erosion Difficulty level: Easy EQUIVALENT ANNUAL COST e 2. The annual annuity stream of payments with the same present value as a project’s costs is called the project’s _____ cost. a. incremental b. sunk c. opportunity d. erosion e. equivalent annual Difficulty level: Easy SUNK COSTS c 3. A cost that has already been paid, or the liability to pay has already been incurred, is a(n): a. salvage value expense. b. net working capital expense. c. sunk cost. d. opportunity cost. e. erosion cost. Difficulty level: Easy OPPORTUNITY COSTS d 4. The most valuable investment given up if an alternative investment is chosen is a(n): a. salvage value expense. b. net working capital expense. c. sunk cost. d. opportunity cost. e. erosion cost. Difficulty level: Easy EROSION COSTS e 5. The cash flows of a new project that come at the expense of a firm’s existing projects are called: a. salvage value expenses. b. net working capital expenses. c. sunk costs. d. opportunity...
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...ANALYSIS (12-1) Cash flow estimation F I K Answer: b EASY 1. Although it is extremely difficult to make accurate forecasts of the revenues that a project will generate, projects' initial outlays and subsequent costs can be forecasted with great accuracy. This is especially true for large product development projects. a. True b. False (12-1) Relevant cash flows F I K Answer: b EASY 2. Since the focus of capital budgeting is on cash flows rather than on net income, changes in noncash balance sheet accounts such as inventory are not included in a capital budgeting analysis. a. True b. False (12-1) Relevant cash flows F I K Answer: a EASY 3. If an investment project would make use of land which the firm currently owns, the project should be charged with the opportunity cost of the land. a. True b. False (12-2) Depreciation cash flows F I K Answer: a EASY 4. The primary advantage to using accelerated rather than straight-line depreciation is that with accelerated depreciation the present value of the tax savings provided by depreciation will be higher, other things held constant. a. True b. False (12-1) Opportunity costs F I Answer: a MEDIUM 5. Opportunity costs include those cash inflows that could be generated from assets the firm already owns if those assets are not used for the project being evaluated. a. True b. False (12-1) Sunk costs F I Answer: b MEDIUM 6. Suppose Walker...
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...Project Charter UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT TOOL IMPLEMENTATION Prepared for University of California, Office of the President Table of Contents BACKGROUND.. ................................................................................................................................ ……….3 MISSION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..3 PROJECT SCOPE ......................................................................................................................................... 4 BuSINESS OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................. 4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................... 4 Release Phase One Scope........................................................................................................................ 4 PROJECT DEPENDENCIES ...............................................................................................................................5 OUT OF SCOPE AND ASSUMPTIONS.....................................................................................................................5 PROJECT GOVERNANCE MODEL .................................................................................................................. 7 KEY STAKEHOLDERS...
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...cash expense. b. Corporations should fully account for sunk costs when making investment decisions. c. Corporations should fully account for opportunity costs when making investment decisions. d. Statements a and c are correct. e. All of the statements above are correct. Relevant cash flows Answer: c Diff: E . A company is considering a new project. The company’s CFO plans to calculate the project’s NPV by discounting the relevant cash flows (which include the initial up-front costs, the operating cash flows, and the terminal cash flows) at the company’s cost of capital (WACC). Which of the following factors should the CFO include when estimating the relevant cash flows? a. Any sunk costs associated with the project. b. Any interest expenses associated with the project. c. Any opportunity costs associated with the project. d. Statements b and c are correct. e. All of the statements above are correct. Relevant cash flows Answer: d Diff: E . When evaluating potential projects, which of the following factors should be incorporated as part of a project’s estimated cash flows? a. Any sunk costs that were incurred in the past prior to considering the proposed project. b. Any opportunity costs that are incurred if the project is undertaken. c. Any externalities (both positive and negative) that are incurred if the project is undertaken. d. Statements b and c are correct. e. All of the statements above are correct. Relevant cash flows Answer: b Diff: E ...
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...from tables. I expect you to do the problems with your calculator and show your calculator inputs and the result. 1. A project has the following cash flows C0 C1 C2 C3 ($700) $200 $500 $244 a. What is the project’s payback period? b. Calculate the projects NPV at 12%. c. Calculate the project’s IRR SOLUTION: a. The cumulative cash flow is Year 0 1 2 3 Cash Flow ($700) $200 $500 $244 Cumulative ($700) ($500) 0 $244 Cumulative cash flow is zero after two years, hence the payback period is two years. b. Year Ci PVFk,i Ck,i ( PVFk,i 0 ($700) 1.0 ($700) 1 $200 .8929 $179 2 $500 .7972 $399 3 $244 .7118 $174 NPV = $ 52 c. With the cash flows above entered in your calculator, hit the IRR key and find that the IRR is 16.03% 3. Clancy Inc. is considering a project with the following cash flows. C0 C1 C2 C3 ($7,800) $2,300 $3,500 $4,153 a. Clancy has a policy of rejecting all projects that don’t pay back within three years outright, and analyzing those that do more carefully with time value based methods. Does this project warrant further consideration? b. Should Clancy accept the project based on its...
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