...Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First CenturyI. Case issue: Implications of strategic rivalry on cola industrys structure and performance (See Exhibits 1 & 2 for analysis) A. Implications on structure of cola industry 1. Bottlers have been consolidated by concentrate producers (CP), placing smaller CPs at the mercy of Pepsi and Coca-Colas distribution systems (See Exhibit 3) a. Making it tougher for smaller CPs like Cott Corporation to compete and leaving them open to the threat of acquisition b. Exposing Coca-Cola and Pepsi to the risk of anti-trust legal or regulatory action with bottlers’ exclusive territories and policies that forbid carrying competing cola products 2. Bottlers profitability is in danger with slim margins and declining growth (See Exhibit 4) a. CP should come to bottler’s aide with financial assistance, concentrate price breaks or increased marketing to preserve industry structure b. Bottlers will have to upgrade their technology to handle expanded product lines (See Exhibit 2) c. Bottlers should consider diversifying into snack food distribution through alliances or CP acquisitions like Pepsi’s Frito-Lay division B. Implications on performance of cola industry 1. CSDs made up a substantial share of 2000 US Liquid Consumption (See Exhibit 4), but this doesn’t make them immune to risk a. Declining stock prices show a corrected over-valuation of companies (See Exhibit 4) b. Declining growth rates for carbonated soft drinks and increasing...
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...COLA WARS : COKE AND PEPSI IN THE 21ST CENTURY” INTRODUCTION "Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the 21st Century” explains the economics of the soft drink industry and its relation with profits, taking into account all stages of the value chain of the soft drink industry. By focusing on the war between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo as market leaders in this industry – with a 90% market share in carbonated beverages – the study analyses the different stages of the value chain (concentrate producers, bottlers, retail channels, suppliers) and the impact of the modern times and globalisation on competition and interaction in the industry. Throughout this analysis, I will assess how the strategic interaction between the two players allowed the creation of a “healthy" competition, where both companies need each other in order to remain competitive. Afterwards, I will go on to analyse the way that pricing and output decisions have affected the industry’s profits. Finally, I will discuss how Coca-Cola and PepsiCo could sustain their leadership in a market increasingly dominated by non-carbonated drinks. WHY IS THE SOFT DRINK INDUSTRY SO PROFITABLE? The soft drink industry refers to all drinks which do not contain alcohol. However, the original definition referred to carbonated and non-carbonated drinks made from concentrate. In this case discussion, I will take into consideration the US market, where the three major players – PepsiCo, Coca-Cola and Cadbury Schweppes – represent...
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...oca Cola War Case Study Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi Case Analysis 1. Soft Drink Industry (SDI) overview The industry considered in this analysis is Soft Drink Industry (SDI). SDI serves customer needs for refreshing and cold non-alcoholic beverages, with main industry sectors being: carbonated drinks, fruit punches, and bottled water sectors. There are three dominant companies in the industry, namely: Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Schweppes. The soft-drink industry includes the following four major types of participating companies: • Producers of syrups and concentrates, • Bottlers, • Retail channels, and • Suppliers. 2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the Soft Drink Industry (SDI): Soft Drink industry’s Carbonated Drink sector is 66 billion industry in US alone. Soft Drink industry remains very profitable, with pre-tax profits of 30% and 9% for concentrate producers and bottlers respectively. The following five forces analysis will attempt to show factors contributing to the profitability in the industry. Risk of entry by Potential Competitors: It is difficult for new entrants to enter the market because of few factors: First, in order to produce soft drinks a new company would have to have bottling or some other kind of packaging capacities or contracts with bottlers or packagers. To build a new bottling plant is very capital intensive and to enter in a contract with existing bottlers is difficult if not prohibited by the Coca-Cola and Pepsi’s agreements with existing...
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...Cola Wars : Five Forces Analysis October 18, 2007 Posted by goutham in case studies. trackback 1. Soft Drink Industry Five Forces Analysis: Soft drink industry is very profitable, more so for the concentrate producers than the bottler’s. This is surprising considering the fact that product sold is a commodity which can even be produced easily. There are several reasons for this, using the five forces analysis we can clearly demonstrate how each force contributes the profitability of the industry. Barriers to Entry: The several factors that make it very difficult for the competition to enter the soft drink market include: * Bottling Network: Both Coke and PepsiCo have franchisee agreements with their existing bottler’s who have rights in a certain geographic area in perpetuity. These agreements prohibit bottler’s from taking on new competing brands for similar products. Also with the recent consolidation among the bottler’s and the backward integration with both Coke and Pepsi buying significant percent of bottling companies, it is very difficult for a firm entering to find bottler’s willing to distribute their product. The other approach to try and build their bottling plants would be very capital-intensive effort with new efficient plant capital requirements in 1998 being $75 million. * Advertising Spend: The advertising and marketing spend (Case Exhibit 5 & 6) in the industry is in 2000 was around $ 2.6 billion (0.40 per case * 6.6 billion cases) mainly...
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...CASE STUDY : COLA WARS CONTINUE : COKE AND PEPSI IN 2006 The case study “Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2006” focuses on describing Coke and Pepsi within the CSD industry by providing detailed statements about the companies’ accounts and strategies to increase their market share. ‘ Cola war’ is the term used to describe the campaign of mutually targeted television advertisement & marketing campaigns between Coke & Pepsi. Furthermore, the case also focuses on the Coke vs. Pepsi goods which target similar groups of costumers, and how these companies have had and still have great reputation and continue to take risks due to their high capital. Both Coke & Pepsi have segmented the soft drink industry into two divisions, via – 1.Production of soft drink syrup. 2.Manufacturing & distribution of soft drinks at retail level. Coke & Pepsi have chosen to operate primarily on the production of soft drinks syrup,while leaving independent bottlers with more competitive segment of the industry.The purpose of this report is to gain insight into the possible strategies that can be applied, in order to expand the overall throat share in the future. History revealed that a highly competitive strategy that was utilized in the past by both companies resulted in cannibalization. Because of this, the report is described from the perspective of both Coca-Cola and Pepsi. This report focuses on increasing the overall share and finding new opportunities in the unrevealed...
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...The Cola Wars Competitive Strategy Introduction Coke and Pepsi have been going to war for over a century. This war has been fought with prices, with taste challenges, and with advertising. Throughout this bottle battle both companies have remained dominant players in the carbonated soft drink industry and have moved beyond their original products into many new areas. Resources The core resources that have allowed Coke and Pepsi to maintain dominance are their brand image and their marketing strategies. Coke has focused on a brand image that relates more to a way of life then to a soft drink. With “Buy the world a Coke” and other such campaigns Coke has strived to position itself in the minds of consumers as a lifestyle choice to choose Coke instead of just a purchase decision. Pepsi has pursued a similar yet differentiated version of Coke’s strategy. “The Pepsi Generation” was an ad campaign aimed at making Pepsi the drink of the next generation. Advertising was trying to position Pepsi as the preferred drink of the youth of America. Pepsi furthered this image as the preferred drink through the Pepsi challenge, a campaign aimed at boosting total soft drink sales as well as allowing the two soda giants to be directly compared. What makes these resources valuable? The large anchor-bottling corporations and the contracts that bind them to Coke and Pepsi are also huge resources. Both companies own large equity stakes in these major bottlers and are able to use this to...
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...SUMMARY Introduction p.2 I- The carbonated soft drink industry in the US - Industry structure p.4 - Industry economics p.5 - Brands & Products p.6 - Consumption behavior p.7 II- Changes in the orange category during the period 1985-1989 - Orange category p.8 - Relation between market share & market coverage p.11 - Relation between market share & advertising share p.13 - Brands positioning p.15 III- Cadbury competitive position in the US - Swot analysis p.16 IV- Crush Positioning p.18 V- Crush advertising & promotion program - Objectives & strategies p.18 - Advertising budget p.19 - Crush advertising budget p.20 VI- Crush Pro forma Income statement p.20 VII- Conclusion p.21 Sides p.22 INTRODUCTION Cadbury Beverages, Inc. is a beverages-manufacturing division of Cadbury Schweppes PLC. It was created in 1969 by a merger of Schweppes PLC (1783, London, the first world’s soft drink maker) and Cadbury (1830, Birmingham, a major British confectionery manufacturer). In 1989, the Cadbury Schweppes PLC was one of the world’s largest multinational companies and the world’s third largest soft drink marketer (behind Coca-Cola and PepsiCo), with worldwide sales of $4.6 billion, performed in 110 countries. Beverages accounted for 60 percent of company sales and 53 percent of its operating income...
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...SUMMARY Introduction p.2 I- The carbonated soft drink industry in the US - Industry structure p.4 - Industry economics p.5 - Brands & Products p.6 - Consumption behavior p.7 II- Changes in the orange category during the period 1985-1989 - Orange category p.8 - Relation between market share & market coverage p.11 - Relation between market share & advertising share p.13 - Brands positioning p.15 III- Cadbury competitive position in the US - Swot analysis p.16 IV- Crush Positioning p.18 V- Crush advertising & promotion program - Objectives & strategies p.18 - Advertising budget p.19 - Crush advertising budget p.20 VI- Crush Pro forma Income statement p.20 VII- Conclusion p.21 Sides p.22 INTRODUCTION Cadbury Beverages, Inc. is a beverages-manufacturing division of Cadbury Schweppes PLC. It was created in 1969 by a merger of Schweppes PLC (1783, London, the first world’s soft drink maker) and Cadbury (1830, Birmingham, a major British confectionery manufacturer). In 1989, the Cadbury Schweppes PLC was one of the world’s largest multinational companies and the world’s third largest soft drink marketer (behind Coca-Cola and PepsiCo), with worldwide sales of $4.6 billion, performed in 110 countries. Beverages accounted for 60 percent of company sales and 53 percent of its...
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...Econ Case Analysis Cola Wars Continue – HBR 702442 History of the Cola Wars For decades, Pepsi and Coca Cola fought over the market share of the soft drink industry. Throughout this almost duopolistic competition, Coke’s share grew from 33.4% in the 1960s to 44.5% in the late 90s; while Pepsi’s market share grew from 20.4% to 31.4% in the same time span. Although there are other potential firms in the market with considerable market influence such as Schweppes and Royal Crown, Pepsi and Coca-Cola remains the two most powerful giants in the soft drink industry. The Cola war began in the 1950s when former Coca-Cola marketing executive Alfred Steele made “beat coke” his theme as new CEO of Pepsi. In the early periods, both companies initiated marketing campaigns that differentiated itself from the competitor, such as Pepsi’s “Pepsi Challenge” and Coke’s “America’s Preferred Taste”. Throughout time, both Coca Cola and Pepsi experimented with new cola and non-cola flavors and introduced new lines of products such as Fanta, Mountain Dew, etc. Pepsi even diversified into the non-soft drink industries and merged with Frito-Lay. The merger claimed synergies based on shared customer targets. In the 1960s, Coke’s focus was primarily on the overseas market while Pepsi’s focused its attention on the domestic market which doubled its market share between 1950s and 1970s. The competition heated up in the 1980s when both companies increased their marketing budget and introduced new...
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...Marketing Analysis of Carbonated Drinks Sector Prepared by Sankeerth S (Roll No. 171) Saravanan K (Roll No. 172) Saumil Shah (Roll No. 174) Saumyadeep Mazoomdar (Roll No. 175) Soumya Mukherjee(Roll No. 193) Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 5C Analysis 4 Company: 4 Collaborators: 5 Customers: 7 Competitors: 9 Climate: 11 Segmentation, Target, Positioning 13 Product Mix 21 Communication 24 Going to market 26 Pricing 27 Coca Cola pricing strategy 28 Coca Cola downgrade due to low cost rivals 29 Price gap blowout 29 Lower prices the answer 30 Profitability 30 Customer Acquisition, Retention and Development 31 Strategies used by companies in the carbonated drinks sector 32 Conclusion 33 References 35 Executive Summary Beverages are divided into 7 different categories - Energy drinks, Juices, Soft drinks, Tea and Coffee, Sports drinks and Water. This report we are concentrating on carbonated beverages. The major players in the carbonated beverage industry are The Coca Cola Company and Pepsi Co. For many years now, the cola soft drink market is led by the Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo Inc. Besides the cola market, they have expanded their businesses to the other soft drink markets as well and achieved oligopoly positions with tremendous market shares in all of these markets. The following report explores the marketing framework of the carbonated drinks sector. The report performs an analysis of the marketing strategies...
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...Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi Case Analysis 1. Soft Drink Industry (SDI) overview The industry considered in this analysis is Soft Drink Industry (SDI). SDI serves customer needs for refreshing and cold non-alcoholic beverages, with main industry sectors being: carbonated drinks, fruit punches, and bottled water sectors. There are three dominant companies in the industry, namely: Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Schweppes. The soft-drink industry includes the following four major types of participating companies: • Producers of syrups and concentrates, • Bottlers, • Retail channels, and • Suppliers. 2. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis of the Soft Drink Industry (SDI): Soft Drink industry’s Carbonated Drink sector is 66 billion industry in US alone. Soft Drink industry remains very profitable, with pre-tax profits of 30% and 9% for concentrate producers and bottlers respectively. The following five forces analysis will attempt to show factors contributing to the profitability in the industry. Risk of entry by Potential Competitors: It is difficult for new entrants to enter the market because of few factors: First, in order to produce soft drinks a new company would have to have bottling or some other kind of packaging capacities or contracts with bottlers or packagers. To build a new bottling plant is very capital intensive and to enter in a contract with existing bottlers is difficult if not prohibited by the Coca-Cola and Pepsi’s agreements with existing bottlers. Because it...
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...Cola Wars Case Study DMBA 630 Marketing and Strategy Management in the Global Markeplace Introduction Carbonated Soft Drinks (CSD) have been around for over a century and now accounts for a $60 Billion market with the average American consuming about 53 gallons a year. Coca-Cola was invented in 1886 by John Pemberton as a “potion for mental and physical disorders.” Asa Candler acquired the formula and began marketing it as Coca-Cola. The first bottling franchise was accorded in 1899 for a sum of one dollar. Pepsi-Cola was invented in 1893 by Caleb Bradham a pharmacist from North Carolina. Pepsi also franchised its bottling operations. Pepsi struggled over the years going bankrupt twice within a decade, first in 1923 and again in 1931. Pepsi competed aggressively against coke offering almost twice the amount of Pepsi for the same price in the 1930s. Coca –Cola or Coke on the other hand was the market leader through the early 20th century with numerous imitators popping up trying to clone Coke. Coke fought back in the courts to aggressively deter imitators and counterfeiters. During the 1920s and 1930s, Coke was marketed to multiple market segments making it available to anyone desiring the brand. Eventually Coke sued Pepsi for trademark infringement in 1938 and lost. Pepsi gained market share and became a titan competitor in the market for CSDs beating out all other brands except Coke. Thus began the “Cola Wars” in 1950 with Pepsi’s aggressive “beat Coke”...
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...9/8/2015 PGDM/MBA Material: Case Study- Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century www.mbapgdmstuff.blogspot.com Home Human Resource Marketing Information system management Images You are visitor # Case Study- Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the Twenty-First Century 110,588 Search This Blog Translate Select Language ▼ Category Assignment Business Communication Business Environment Business Law Case Study Compensation MAnagement E- Business Summary: "Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in the 21st Century” explains the economics of the soft drink industry and its relation with profits, taking into account all stages of the value chain of the soft drink industry. By focusing on the war between Coca‐Cola and PepsiCo as market leaders in this industry – with a 90% market share in carbonated beverages – the study analyses the different stages of the value chain (concentrate producers, bottlers, retail channels, suppliers) and the impact of the modern times and globalization on competition and interaction in the industry. Analysis: It is quite clear that there was a “war" between Coca‐Cola and PepsiCo: not only have they been rivals for entrepreneurship For your Information Formates Human Resource Management Human Resource Mangement Human resource Planning Indian Labour Law Industrial Relation Information system Management International Marketing ...
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...vision and mission of both organizations, which leads into literature review that identifies the consumer preferences of both Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola. Following the literature review is the teams’ own personal assessment of consumer preferences for the Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola brand (Please refer to Appendix A for the assessment). Finalizing the investigation are recommendations for Pepsi Cola to gain a larger share of the market. The Cola Wars Research Paper According to an industry report from Hoover’s (2014), the U.S. soft drink industry yields $34 billion annually and continues to grow internationally. The largest markets of consumption for soft drinks outside the U.S. are: Mexico, Chile, Argentina, and Uruguay (Hoover’s, 2014). The constant change of consumer preferences is what drives Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola to compete for a larger share of the market. The intense rivalry between Coca-Cola and Pepsi Cola have been going on since the late 1800’s (Economy Watch, 2011); when Pepsi Cola was born from a “combination of: carbonated water, kola nuts, vanilla, and rare oils” (Pepsi Legacy Book, p.7. 2005). This paper focuses on the diversified strategies of both Pepsi Cola and Coca-Cola in their efforts to gain the largest share of the market and the recommendations to capture a larger share of the market. Vision and Mission Pepsi Cola The vision of Pepsi Cola is “to put into action through programs and focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society...
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...Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 Table of Contents 1 Overview 2 General environmental analysis 3 Industry Analysis 3.1 Industry Structure - U.S. soft drink market share of concentrate producers - Suppliers within the carbonated soft drink industry 3.2 Market Structure - U.S. Liquid Consumption Trend (gallons/capita) - U.S. non-alcoholic refreshment beverage volume 2009 - U.S. soft drink market share – soft drink brands 3.3 Marketing Channels 3.4 Porter’s five forces 4 5 4 2 2 2 2 4 Competitive / corporate strategies of Coke and Pepsi 5 SWOT Analysis 6 Questions 6.1 How has the competition between Coke and Pepsi affected the industry’s profit? 6.2 If it has been such a profitable industry, why have so few firms successfully entered this business over the last century? What are the barriers? Why have Coke and been so successful in launching their products? 6.3 Why, historically, has the soft drink industry been so profitable? 6.4 Compare the economics of the concentrate business to that of the bottling business: Why is the profitability so different? 6.5 How can Coke and Pepsi sustain their profits in the wake of flattening demand and the growing popularity of non-CSDs? 7 9 11 Exam Case Study Cola Wars Continue: Coke and Pepsi in 2010 1 Overview (Power Point Page (PPP) 2) For more than a century, Coke and Pepsi compete for market share within the world’s beverage market. The most intense battles were fought over the $74 billion carbonated soft drink (CSD)...
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