...Historically, the symbolic definition of the ‘home’ represents a sanctuary and safe haven from the negative pressures and forces present in society. The ideology of home represents a sacred and consecrated institution which is responsible for providing individuals with refuge and safety. Often, the concept of home is broader than a physical dwelling, and encompasses an emotional characteristic, which often rids individuals of their worldly cares and reinforces their focus on the people and things they love. Since, it is widely regarded that humans, specifically children, are creatures of habit, the state of one’s home has been known to physiologically influence their behavior, emotions, and overall mental and physical health (Leichsenring, 2003). More specifically, the home provides a basis for enculturation, where it establishes the grounds for accepted norms and values within a social framework; dictating what is culturally permissible within this social setting. For children, the enculturation into the guidelines, rituals, expectations and social practices and assumptions present within the home, orients them, by providing a sense of acceptance, belonging and reality. Typically, the widespread assumptions of safety, protection and wellbeing for children are often associated with the dynamic between the family and home. However, recent revelations indicate that the home is increasingly becoming the grounds for the physical victimization of children. Children being vulnerable...
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...the gender, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status with approximately 352, 300 seniors living in special-care facilities throughout Canada (Stat Can, 2013). To many, nursing homes are seen as an ideal living arrangement for their loved elders, unfortunately that is not the reality for all seniors in these nursing homes. What seniors are led to believe is their new haven, may in fact, be just the opposite. Elders in Ontario nursing homes are being beaten, neglected and even sexually assaulted by people who were hired to care for them (McLean & Welsh, 2011). According to the reports that the Star was able to obtain, more than 10 residents in Ontario each month are verbally, physically and sexually assaulted (McLean & Welsh, 2011). Many reported abuse cases have been life-threatening and have led to death due to assault and neglect. Despite the provincial vow of improved care in these homes, it is evident that seniors are facing the same problems with abuse in nursing homes today. On November 17th, 2011, the Star examined 70 percent of the inspection reports from last year, 1500 reports in total, and serious problems were located in 900 of the cases. Of these 900, approximately 350 revealed neglect of seniors, 125 were abuse related and the remainder found other types of mistreatment and poor care (McLean & Welsh, 2011). The case of Danae Chambers; a defenceless 71-year-old Toronto woman, alarmed the entire Greater Toronto Area. She was a senior resident at the City...
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...Crimes against the elderly in socially organized and disorganized communities Table of Contents Introduction 4 Defining Elderly Abuse 7 Traditional Societies 8 The length of the problem 9 Institutional Settings 9 Risk factor for Elder Abuse 10 Individual factors 10 Factors of Relationship 11 Factors of Community and Society 12 The result of elder abuse 14 Domestic Settings 14 Treatment in institutions 14 Preventing Elder Abuse 15 Feedback from national level 16 Responses from local people 18 Social Service 19 Health Care 20 Legal Proceeding 21 Campaign to generate public awareness 22 Recommendations 23 Greater Knowledge 23 Causes of the abuse 24 Impact of abuse 24 Evaluating the process 24 Stringent laws 24 Basic Rights for Elders 25 Traditions 25 Other preventive measures 26 Conclusion 27 Reference 28 Introduction The history of elderly abuse is not a very new phenomenon. It can be traced back from a very early age if we flip through the sociological status of yesteryear. However with the passage of time and further defining a goal to reform child abuse and domestic violence, the objective of elderly abuse has also been considered in the agenda. Unlike other form violence, the elderly violence has come into limelight with the progress of public health and criminal justice. The issue of these two forms has paved a way to view, analyse and curb the issue on violence towards senior citizens of a society. This paper...
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...was shortly followed. But the call for action did not only signify male participation, but it required the mobilization of women as well. “Thus from the very start, wartime media … called upon women specifically” to support their country. During The Great War propaganda is essential to the mobilization of women. Women play a significant role in the First World War in providing a support system that help to reinforce their military. Women’s support is displayed in a variety of ways. The brave and the qualified women work alongside their male counterparts on the war front, as nurses and espionage members. While others provide support from the home front through the participation of females in the workplace and continuing to be the primary caregiver for the households and children. The importance of female involvement in The Great War lies in the significant consequences women’s participation has had subsequently. Without women’s involvement the story of the war would differ greatly. Women roles as nurses in the Great War is crucial to the support of the any nation’s militia. “During the Great War, the call for women to work for victory grew enthusiastic support.” Women felt their participation as nurses was their “contribution to the war effort.” “Nearly 80 000 nurses…” and women with first aid experience sign up to help, and those of which qualify are sent to work on the war front. The enthusiastic support is a result of “several...
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...Neglect is the most prevalent type of child maltreatment in Canada today. The psychological damage can be more devastating than any other type of abuse and includes inadequate supervision, physical and emotional neglect, medical, dental and educational neglect and the failure to provide the clothing and nutrition vital for survival. Child neglect is often the result of a broken family unit, where a parent or caregiver is either unable or unwilling to provide the care, love and attention required for healthy child development. Neglect as a child affects the development of an individual in various ways. It decreases levels of academic performance, increases the likelihood of drug and alcohol abuse and influences forms of anti-social behaviour. Harm Comes in Many Forms Most human brain growth occurs during the first six years of a person’s life. Extending through early childhood, there are many factors which are relevant to brain development. High levels of nutrition, appropriate stimulation and attention, and emotional support all contribute to healthy brain growth, maximize its productivity and prepare the mind for future learning capability (Loughan, 2012). However, many aspects of a child’s environment can affect maximum brain functioning. A significant and negative environmental factor is neglect. As children enter and progress through school, the ones living in poor families tend to academically perform worse (Loughan, 2012). It is found that children with a history of...
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...1. If you watched the news today you were one of many viewers across the provinces or even the country. Watching the news is the biggest form of mass media in our society today. Mass media is any form of media that’s purpose is to influence an audience on a topic. Advertising uses mass media on a daily basis to try and convince us to buy their products, whether it’s in the form of magazines or radio and television. Because of mass media, a lot of products that would get no exposure, get a lot and keep companies afloat. As an example, think about Christmas time, and the advertisements aimed at children, businesses flourish because of this form of mass media advertising. The internet has revolutionized media, thanks to the internet, computers, and TV stations all working seamlessly together, students attending school now know well ahead of time whether school is closed during bad winter weather. Before they had to listen to the radio which usually wasn’t as up to date with school closing information as TV news stations now are today. One prime example of how much our society depends on mass media for news was during the tragic events of September 11. TV’s across the country were tuned in to hear the latest breaking news with people tuned into the news for months after 911. The internet is probably the newest and one of the most widely used forms of mass media at the present time. The internet offers users the ability to download, stream...
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...Throughout the years researchers have been studying ways to help the elder community, by developing programs to benefit the older generation in health related issues. The programs are forms of inclusive and therapeutic recreation. Therapeutic recreation (Bullock, Marhon and Selz, 1997) is defined as; “a purposeful intervention directed at the individual and his environment that aims to enhance health and impact functioning in many critical life domains.” Meaning that when looking at therapeutic recreation within the senior citizens is purposeful due to the change in body functioning. Programs can be developed to help the elderly stay active; some programs may be simply eating healthier foods or more advanced programs such as aerobic classes. The main ideas of these classes are to introduce programs that might expand their life span and improve physical capabilities. When dealing with the elderly, there are common changes that occur. Firstly, the body will not be in as good of shape compared to the past and secondly, experiences encountered may have an affect on your life, such as; friends passing away etc. Therefore, when dealing with elderly, the programs need to be created with these aspects in mind. Three main areas dealing with improvements are; Physical, Emotional, and Mental. When the body is changing you start to rely on others to help you with daily chores and activities. Sometimes, families are not willing to help those in need and go through the feeling of loneliness...
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...When humans are young, they expect a lot from their parents or caregivers and sometimes they violate these “trust bonds” with their children. They are not just being abused from their caregivers, but they can be abused by their neighbors, relatives or friends. Child abuse, better yet, child maltreatment is defined as a “failure to act on the part of a parent or a caregiver which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation or an act of failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm” (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services). In other words, an inappropriate act to mistreat a child by a close relative or parent by physical or sexual force. Child maltreatment has a negative often impacts...
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...MA, MS,§ for the RANDFSouthern California Evidence-Based Practice Center (See editorial comments by Dr. Jean S. Kutner, pp 160–162) The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature to better understand the conceptualization of satisfaction with end-of-life care and the effectiveness of palliative care interventions on this outcome. Data sources included Medline and the Database of Reviews of Effects. The review included relevant qualitative studies and intervention studies using satisfaction as an outcome from 1990 to 2005. Reviewing 24,423 citations yielded 21 relevant qualitative studies, four systematic reviews, and eight additional intervention studies. The qualitative literature described the domains of accessibility and coordination; competence, including symptom management; communication and education; emotional support and personalization of care; and support of patients’ decision-making. For collaboration and consultation interventions, eight of 13 studies showed a significant effect on satisfaction. A metaanalysis found that palliative care and hospice teams improved satisfaction, although most studies did not include satisfaction as an outcome. For other types of interventions, only two of six showed a significant effect. For heart failure coordination of care, only seven of 32 studies addressed this as an outcome; two of the three that compared satisfaction between groups showed a significant difference. Evaluations used many different measures...
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...Death Studies, 36: 1–22, 2012 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0748-1187 print=1091-7683 online DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2011.553312 BEREAVEMENT EXPERIENCES OF MOTHERS AND FATHERS OVER TIME AFTER THE DEATH OF A CHILD DUE TO CANCER RIFAT ALAM Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada MARU BARRERA Department of Psychology, Haematology=Oncology Program, Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada NORMA D’AGOSTINO Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Survivorship Program, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada DAVID B. NICHOLAS Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada GERALD SCHNEIDERMAN Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada The authors investigated longitudinally bereavement in mothers and fathers whose children died of cancer. Thirty-one parents were interviewed 6 and 18 months post-death. Analyses revealed parental differences and changes over time: (a) employment—fathers were more work-focused; (b) grief reactions—mothers expressed more intense grief reactions that lessened over time; (c) coping—mothers were more child-focused, fathers more task-focused; (d) relationship with bereaved siblings—mothers actively nurtured relationship with child;...
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...Should Physician-assisted suicide be legalized in Canada? Introduction The topic of legalizing Physician-assisted suicide has long been a controversial issue in Canada and has recently received increased attention. In 1993, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled the provisions of the Criminal Code prohibiting assisted suicide. Two decades later, the Supreme Court of Canada began to deliberate whether to uphold or strike down the law prohibiting doctor-assisted suicide. Last month, the nine justices of the Supreme Court heard impassioned pleas for overturning Canada’s absolute prohibition against assisted suicide, with proponents arguing laws that consider the act equivalent to murder are a violation of personal autonomy and infringe the Charter of Rights and Freedom that provides for “life, liberty and security of the person” (Connor, 2014). The hearing sparked fresh debates across the country. Opponents argue that legalizing physician-assisted suicide would lead society down a dangerous "Slippery Slope" that leads to involuntary euthanasia and the killing of people who are thought undesirable. In addition, opponents argue that legalizing physician-assisted suicide gives too much power to doctors and it may reduce the availability of palliative care. The aim of this paper is to make a comprehensive argument in favor of physician-assisted suicide. Physician-Assisted suicide & Euthanasia Physician-assisted suicide occurs for any situation where doctors use drugs or other methods...
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...XXX 1541-5147 ARTICLES International of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Standardized Nursing Languages in a Case Study of a Woman With Diabetes IJNT Malden, USAJournal Inc Blackwell Publishing of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications Application of Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Standardized Nursing Languages in a Case Study of a Woman with Diabetes This paper aims to illustrate the process Coleen P. Kumar, RN, MSN, CNS, is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York. Introduction As the average lifespan is extended, more individuals are coping with chronic illnesses such as diabetes, which has reached epidemic proportions with more than 20 million people in the United States having this diagnosis (Gordois, Scuffham, Shearer, Oglesby, & Tobian, 2003). The American Diabetes Association (ADA) estimates that a million people will be diagnosed of diabetes every year (2004). Long-term complications of diabetes are costly to both the individual and the healthcare system. Over the past decade, diabetes research has focused on pharmacological approaches and lifestyle interventions to the illness (Odegard, Setter, & Iltz, 2006). Recent evidence in the forum of diabetes care revealed a need for healthcare professionals to assess and empower individuals in the self-management of this illness. For the purposes of this case study, health assessment by nurses was defined by Fuller and Schaller-Ayers (2000) as a process of systematically collecting...
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...has exhausted all of her personal time off (PTO). With her steady income cut-off, she is concerned how she will pay her bills. She has no close family to turn to for support and does not qualify for government assistance. Her story is just one example. According to the United State Census, in 2010 single parent households comprised about 9.6 percent of the total U.S. household population. There are about 10.4 million single-mother families and 2.5 million single father families. About 5.7 million, or 8 percent of the total, live in a household that include a grandparent. Not to mention, the growing Baby Boom generation has created a sandwich generation who not only have the responsibility of raising their own children but being caregiver to their...
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...Alice Livingston Family Development Research/ Appropriate Use of Technology Nutrition through the Life Cycle Obesity in children Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. Physicians and researchers did numerous studies on children’s habits and lifestyles as an important part of society. Nowadays, children face big problems with obesity. As a result, researchers have learned that healthy habits could have a profound impact on the future of every child and get a better understanding of how children perceive healthy eating. Researchers have proved and would like to emphasize that obesity has tripled in Canadian children in recent decades. For this reason, researchers have identified that healthy behaviors have numerous benefits. By making healthy food choices and explaining the nutritional value of various foods to children will improve the lifestyle of every child and make children’s health better. After a large quantity of interviews that were used to collect data on what food children prefer to eat and why it was discovered that they have bad eating habits and lifestyle. Researchers have found that only 75% of children understood healthy eating by identifying what is healthy food and what is junk food. Almost all children have mentioned eating fruits and vegetables. Findings suggested that children had previously heard...
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