...pollution as well as loss of open spaces are putting stress on the infrastructure, natural resources, and beginning to affect the environment within the city and surrounding region. To correct these negative environmental impacts I propose the following: pollution control legislation, random emission testing, encouraging carpooling initiatives, and establish green spaces. Expense Budget Of the $18 Million allotted for measures to fix the pollution issue, only $14.9 Million will is needed to correct successfully the environmental issues. Below is the breakdown of solution and cost. |Solution |Expense: | |Pollution control legislation for point sources |$4.3 Million | |Random emission testing |$3.6 Million | |Establish green spaces |$4.2 Million | |Encourage carpooling |$2.8 Million | |TOTAL |$14.9 Million | Pollution Control Legislation for Point Sources ...
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...individuals using different means of transportation, use of other fuels, and decreased sales. Although the price of gasoline has risen, and is still rising, the product is still to considerably inelastic. The decline in gasoline consumption has an effect on the utility of the product including the decline of usefulness of the product among consumers, but still needing the product for exports in the United States. Although the product is not as useful for consumers, it is still a need amongst transportation. Many individuals need the gasoline as a way of transportation to work, school, doctor’s appointments etc. Aside from consumers, the product is a need for exports in the United States economy. There have been occurrences that have changed the demand of gasoline among consumers although the supply remained the same. Occurrences that have changed the demand of the product include the decline in car fleet, less driving among individuals, more fuel-efficient cars, the decline in registered vehicles, decline in new car sales, and the number of Americans living in urban areas (Larson, 2013). With less car fleets, there is less fuel to purchase for company transportation, and with more cars being made to be more fuel-efficient, individuals need less gasoline to drive up to 200 miles than with older vehicles. Another factor includes more Americans living in urban areas. With more individuals in urban areas, there are more carpooling, bike sharing, and public transit such as buses,...
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...For this presentation of international marketing, we first began by searching an area for our company. We study both in Rouen but we live at about 1h30 of distance in car. We use both carpool. It is from here that we get the idea. In the first part we will present the company and in the second part we will present our marketing plan. I Company presentation 1. Type of enterprise We have chosen this name for our company because it is a mix between « ECO » (which refer to ecology) and and « COVOI » (which refer to covoiturage which means carpool in french). Ecovoit company is a website, we don’t have any shops. This website permit to users to find or post carpool advertisements where and when they want. Carpool consists in sharing his car during one ride and thus, share toll and petrol costs. This phenomenon has taken an large sweep and continues to grow because of the economic crisis and the decline of purchasing power. Today the price of petrol and the car maintenance, which can be added with the potential costs of tolls are so high that owning a car has become a luxury. Carpooling allows drivers to cushion their costs, and passengers traveling to attractive price ; it’s win-win. We have chosen this type of company for many reasons : First of all, many peoples don’t have car and use the train or other transportation ways but they are often very expensive and their...
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...Week 1 Eco 365 Article Analysis The name of the article on this paper is OP-ED: Falling Gasoline Use Means U.S. Can Just Say No to New Pipelines and Food-to-Fuel. Through this paper, we have to analyze the basis for the trends in consumption patterns. Consider the utility derived from a product or service mentioned in the article. Describe what has occurred to change the demand for the product or service and its market and equilibrium prices. Describe what has occurred to change the supply of the product or service and its market and equilibrium prices. In your opinion, is demand for this product or service price elastic or inelastic? What does this imply about how consumers respond to changes in the price of this product or service? According to an article from the Inter Press Service, gasoline consumption trends have been declining (Larson, 2013). The declined gasoline consumption has an effect on the utility that is derived from the product. There are different reasons for the decrease that include individuals using different means of transportation, use of other fuels, and decreased sales. Although the price of gasoline has risen, and is still rising, the product is still to considerably inelastic. The inelastic price on gasoline affect the economy in all ways. The decline in gasoline consumption has an effect on the utility of the product including the decline of usefulness of the product among consumers, but still needing the product for exports in the United States...
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...principles are important to the other in such a way that removal of any of the four principles would be lethal to the ecosystems survival. | Plan Outline | Sustainability Measures Needed | What You Need to Learn and/or Investigate | Information Sources Used | Short-term Costs | Long-term Savings | How it benefits me and my family | How it Promotes Urban Sustainability | | Lifestyle | Materials | | | | | | | Energy Efficiency | | | | | | | | | Electricitya. changing light bulbsb. timersc. dimmers | Yes | Yes | Exactly how many kilowatts per hour for each unit will be saved | United States Department of Energy energy.gov | Buy efficiency light bulbs, timers, and dimmers | 1.2% - 2.4% or $50 on the annual electric bill. | Replacing 15 inefficient incandescent bulbs in your home with energy-saving bulbs | Reduces the amount of kWh output which maintains the environment and ecosystems | Heating/Coolinga. solar energyb. wind energy | Yes | Yes | Low cost energy savings | Solarcity.com | Zero down/ pay mthly for power they produce at lower rate | 6-8 years payback on investment and 30 year protection plan | No air pollution and 30% or more on tax credit | Reduces air pollution and also the use of non-renewable resources. Maintains...
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...insure the performance rates are on target. Recommendations to retrofit all city and school buses with pollution control equipment will result in the city receiving funding to complete this project. Infrastructure deterioration issues will determine any cause for concern related to traffic congestion, building code violations and the reassessments of bridges and roadways. Conversion concerns related to loss of open space on the Lake Michigan shoreline, and the parcelization of our surrounding forests will be discussed. Environmental Pollution Review The city of Muskegon has experienced, as you all know an unexpected growth in population. This increase in population can result in a myriad of consequences. Be assured our city will use the authority given and take advantage of those energy sources and the technology provided by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency), to address the pollution issues and reduce carbon emissions. According to The Environmental Protection Agency ( 2012) “Reducing energy demand and increasing energy generation can lead to many benefits including increased electric system reliability, better environmental quality and human health, as well as cost savings and job creation (Environmental Protection Agency, 2012). CO2 Emission Reduction...
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...Different companies have different quotes and the easiest way to compare them in a short period of time is to use comparison sites specialized for insurance. Internet also serves as a good channel to purchase your policy online. Many online insurance companies are able to offer cheap auto insurance due to the fact that they have less overhead and advertising costs compared to companies operating offline. They also face strong competition as more companies are venturing online insurance business. Furthermore, they are usually less established compared to offline big companies. Offering cheaper rates are what they can do to attract more customers to compete with other more recognized companies. Usually, insurance companies have special plans for low-mileage drivers which are often cheaper. This means that you will need to pay less as you drive lesser. Low-mileage drivers will face lower risks of accidents as they don't drive too often or too far. Try to drive within short distance to reduce your vehicle mileage. As an alternative, you can consider taking public transports such as buses or carpooling with people traveling to the same destination as yours to maintain a low...
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...years. There are different factors that lead to road congestion, specifically infrastructure, law enforcement, among others. The increasing number of motor vehicles (MVs) such as cars, UVs, SUVs, trucks, buses, contribute to this road congestion. According to the Land Transportation Office (LTO), in 2013 alone, 1,356, 217 new privately owned cars registered, adding to 5, 317, 598 already existing private ones. These numbers show that private vehicles compose the bulk of MVs on the road. This case study aims to provide insight as to what the current and future private vehicle owners perceive when it comes to road congestion. By identifying their perception for this problem, conceptualizing, formulating, and enacting short-term and long-term solutions can be more logical as there would be basis whether their action plans would actually help alleviate the situation. These perceptions can then be compared to an older age group, who are more...
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...mobility, services and finance. This paper focuses mainly on energy, environment and infrastructure which include all the eight pillars. The key drivers in smart city in terms of energies are maintaining grids reliability and stability, improving energy efficiency across the value chain, integrating intermittent CO2 free energy and intelligent energy storage. Smart infrastructure in smart cities are sensor networks, digital management of water and waste management, resources awareness,...
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...market and equilibrium prices, assuming the supply remains the same. Thirdly, the author will describe what has occurred to change the supply of gasoline and its market and equilibrium prices, assuming that demand remains the same. Lastly, the writer will give his opinion on whether he feels gasoline is elastic or inelastic, and what this implies about how consumers respond to changes in the price of gasoline. Satisfaction of wants and needs obtained by the consumption of goods, is the main focus of utility analysis. The decision to purchase and consume a good is affected by the utility generated from consumption. Utility assumes a very precise meaning, which differs from the everyday use of the term, when used in the analysis of consumer behavior. The term utility means “useful”, in common use. For example, something that would be useful around the house: a “utility” knife. In Sports, one that can perform well in several positions would be considered a “utility” player. By all levels of government in the United States, a variety of taxes and fees are assessed on motor fuels. While these duties often include comparatively small fees that provide revenue for environmental protection and other dedicated funds, the largest portion of the taxes paid by the average consumer is used to build transportation infrastructure and maintain roads, effectively making them road user fees (U.S. Energy Information Administration)(2013). * Varying widely from state to state are...
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...least three energy resources being utilized in your regular routine. Be sure to consider the energy that you use at home, during travel and at work or school. What are the origins of the energy sources? Are they renewable or non renewable? What impacts have been observed on both humans and the environment as a result of increasing energy needs and use? Be sure to discuss both short term and long term impacts. If you were to seek a new energy resource for your home, what would you choose? List specific reasons to justify your choice of an alternative energy resource? What challenges do you anticipate in implementing energy resource? How can simple changes make a big impact? Discuss three ways to conserve energy in your routine life. Consider home, work, transportation, and consumption of food and goods. Include supporting evidence from documented sources on how these methods for conserving energy will help reduce overall consumption of energy. The first energy resource would be Nuclear Energy. I use electric every day, we all do. We turn on lights, use heat or air conditioning. We also watch television listen to music or charging our cell phones and computers. We have to have electric to do that. This source of energy is renewable. The Origin of Nuclear Energy comes from power plants all over the U.S. "Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6 percent...
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...In many ways, world economies hinge on the availability and affordability of gasoline. We depend on it to fuel vehicles that transport people and goods; both of which can be considered necessary for our societies to work. No matter the price of gas, people need to get to work, school or soccer practice. Goods must be moved from warehouse to stores, from New York to California to be sold and all this requires the use of gasoline. There is no close substitute for gasoline - without changing cars, vehicle owners must continue to buy gasoline to drive. There is no gas-electric conversion kit for a car and most people cannot afford to trade in their gas guzzler for a jazzy new hybrid or electric car. For these reasons, historically, the demand for gasoline has been inelastic with an estimated price elasticity of 0.25 (short run) and 0.64 (long run). This suggests that the fluctuations in prices have little impact on the actual demand and usage of gasoline in the short term while having a more, but still insignificant, impact in the long term. On the other hand, the supply of gasoline is typically considered to be elastic with a price elasticity of 1.6 (short run). This would suggest that the higher the price, the more gasoline is available to the retailers and consumers. This is true because gasoline refiners tend to produce less when prices are low in an effort to minimize losses and to help prices back to a profitable level. Since 1998 we have seen a steady increase in the price...
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...Roads, Highways, and Bridges Runoff controls are essential to preventing polluted runoff from roads, highways and bridges from reaching surface waters. Erosion during and after construction of roads, highway and bridges can contribute large amounts of sediment and silt to runoff waters, which can deteriorate water quality and lead to fish kills and other ecological problems. Heavy metals, oils, other toxic substances and debris from construction traffic and spillage can be absorbed by soil at construction sites and carried with runoff water to lakes, rivers and bays. Runoff control measures can be installed at the time of road, highway and bridge construction to reduce runoff pollution both during and after construction. Such measures can effectively limit the entry of pollutants into surface waters and ground waters and protect their quality, fish habitats and public health. Pesticides and fertilizers used along roadways rights-of-way and adjoining land can pollute surface waters and ground water when they filter into the soil or are blown by wind from the area where they are applied. The best way to prevent such is to shut down the areas where there is being any form of construction on the highways. Random Emission Testing Over a period of years the people have tried to tell the state and federal officials that the mandates embodied in the Clean Air Act of 1990 were based on incorrect assumptions, faulty science and hidden or self-serving agendas. One of the more counterproductive...
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...Individual Paper- Gas Prices Petroleum gas affects many of us when it is constantly increasing and decreasing all the time. Over the past few years gas prices have varied from $3.11 a gallon to $3.97 a gallon. Petroleum gas prices do not just affect the companies that provide the product but affects the people of the United States. When gas prices increase it can cause many problems with people getting to where they need to go. Many people cannot afford the prices with jobs they have now, which causes them to miss days of work causing them to lose their jobs. Petroleum gas can affect many people even farmers when it comes time to take care of their crops causing many people not getting the products they need. When all these people cannot afford the prices of gas they tend to change how they are doing these things. For an example farmers not being able to process their crops can cause them to have to have smaller crops. This will lead other products from their crops to rise in prices when it goes to the stores. Market equilibrium in this case refers to a condition where a market price is established through competition such that the amount of goods or services sought by buyers is equal to the amount of goods or services produced by sellers (Colander, 2010). The constant changes in gas prices will affect the product itself along with the market and equilibrium prices. When the price in gas increases the demand for the gas will lower due to the amount it takes to fill a person’s...
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...University of Phoenix MGT/470-Sustainable Enterprise Planning Instructor: May 28, 2011 Identifying Sustainability Plan Effect Princeton University has hired me as a consultant to offer my assistance in putting together a sustainability plan that focuses on greenhouse gas. But first, I feel that it is imperative to identify greenhouse gas. What Are Greenhouse Gases? Many chemical compounds found in the Earth’s atmosphere act as “greenhouse gases.” These gases allow sunlight to enter the atmosphere freely. When sunlight strikes the Earth’s surface, some of it is reflected back towards space as infrared radiation (heat). Greenhouse gases absorb this infrared radiation and trap the heat in the atmosphere. Over time, the amount of energy sent from the sun to the Earth’s surface should be about the same as the amount of energy radiated back into space, leaving the temperature of the Earth’s surface roughly constant (EIA, 2002)." The purpose of this report is to implement a plan that focuses on greenhouse gases. This report will include a sustainable plan that will include the overall Princeton's strategy, the organization, and the people. Overall Business Strategy Our global climate is being disrupted and impacted by human activities. There hasn't been a disruption of this nature since the Industrial Revolution. We are being counseled by scientist to change our behaviors and seek corrective actions. This must be done within the decade to...
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