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Cascade Setting

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CASCADE SEATING

DISUSUN OLEH

1. AYUNINGTYAS AJIPUTRI 1406589865 2. AZZAHRA 1406659291

UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
MAGISTER AKUNTANSI-PPAk
MARET 2015

Cascade Seating 1. Latar Belakang Perusahaan
Cascade seating Inc. adalah perusahaan manufaktur besar yang memproduksi jok mobil. Jan Davis sebagai controller mendapat pengaduan dari manajer pabrik, Dave Garcia. General Motors menurunkan Cascade dari supplier utama menjadi backup supplier. GM menetapkan bahwa ketidakkonsistenan fit dari jok mobil sebagai alasan dan menyarankan pada Dave untuk membaca sebuah artikel “Bagaimana Velcro Terkait Pada Kualitas.” GM menurunkan Velcro beberapa tahun kebelakang dalam gaya yang sama, tetapi Velcro mengelola kembali kualitasnya dan sukses kembai menjadi supplier utama untuk GM.

Jan dan Dave segera mengopi artikel yang direkomendasikan GM dan membacanya beberapa kali. Keduanya diingatkan pada cerita yang terdengar sama pada Cascade dan kejadian saat ini. Dua poin utama pada artikel sangat mengena. Velcro melakukan program kualitas di tempatnya dan berpikir hal tersebut sudah bekerja dengan baik. Controller dan plant manager, mulai mengidentifikasi masalah yang muncul pada kualitas produk mereka. Cascade memiliki laporan kualitas yang meningkat setiap tahunnya, akan tetapi pasar menunjukkan bahwa produk mereka mengalami penurunan kualitas. Kita mempunyai program kualitas yang menunjukkan peningkatan selama dua tahun, tetapi ditempatkan memiliki kualitas produk yang buruk. Salah satu komplain terbesar GM adalah bahwa mereka menginspeksi kualitas daripada kualitas manufaktur didalamnya. Kita mempunyai 15 orang yang bekerja pada departemen quality control yang memastikan bahwa product yang selesai sudah diinspeksi.
Jan mengadakan meeting dengan Dave dan manajer quality control, pembelian, custumer service, dan inventory control. Dalam rapat tersebut terungkaplah bahwa para manajer tersebut tidak pernah mendiskusikan kualitas produk mereka. Jan mendengarkan setiap manajer dan mereka membuat alasan dan menyalahkan departemen lain. Poin permasalahannya adalah dimana kualitas produk berada, dan diskusi fokus pada masalah kualitas produk.

2. Permasalahan
Berdasarkan hasil rapat tersebut diduga terdapat beberapa masalah pada empat area perusahaan sejalan dengan menurunnya kualitas produk, yaitu: rendahnya kualitas bahan baku, pemotongan bahan baku, penjahitan, atau buruknya inspeksi. Manajer pembelian menjelaskan bahwa ia menghabiskan 4 jam setiap bulan untuk membuat laporan kualitas pada supplier dan meriview kinerja setiap tahun pada semua supplier, yang membutuhkan waktu selama 40 jam untuk menyelesaikannya. Tahun lalu ia menemuan supplier pabrik baru yang membantu memotong biaya material. Bagaimanapun, kualitas supplier pabrik baru tidak sebaik supplier sebelumnya. Kemudian Jan mencoba engecek apakah diperlukan evaluasi kinerja manajer pembelian jika kemungkinan dia merupakan bagian dari permasalahan. Rendahnya kualitas bahan baku diduga disebabkan oleh penurunan kualitas bahan baku yang di supply oleh supplier, evaluasi manajer pembelian juga kurang menggembirakan, manajer tersebut tidak menerima gaji yang lebih tinggi dari $22.000.
Dave juga tidak senang dengan kinerja pabrik pemotong dan penjahit juga kurang memuaskan, pada tahun lalu biaya dari scrapped material adalah $147,900. Setelah investagi, plant manager menemukan bahwa 63 % dari material berasal dari pemotongan bahan dengan alasan tertentu dan 37% berasal dari penjahitan bahan dengan alasan tertentu. Dibawah ini adalah data-data untuk mendukung perdebatan tersebut: Alasan untuk membuang bahan | Total Persentasi | Pemotong tidak memotong bahan dengan benarMesin pengujian pemotongan yang matiPola yang tidak cocokPemotong yang tumpulPenjahit tidak menjahit bahan dengan benarMesin pengujian penjahitan yang mati | 28161092512 |

Dave juga mengatakan pada grup ketika dia menemukan bahwa mesin pemotong dan mesin jahit tidak bekerja dengan benar adalah kesalahan salah satu mesin, dia sudah mengecek semua mesin pemotong dan mesin jahit. Berdasarkan pengecekan, ditemukan bahwa adanya $5.500 penurunan biaya untuk mesin pemotongan, dan $7.400 pada mesin penjahitan, dan $8.200 telah dihabiskan tahun lalu untuk pengerjaan ulang oleh penjahit.
Manajer inventory control menyetujui dengan catatan yang dibuat mengenai pengembalian tahun lalu. Lapisan yang rusak oleh penjahit diperkirakan 31% dari $56.000 jok mobil yang ditolak oleh kustomer. Akan tetapi alasan terbesar pengembalian 62% adalah jahitan yang tidak sesuai dan 7% sisanya diakibatkan oleh bahan baku yang rusak. $25.000 bahan baku akan dikembalikan kepada supplier.
Pada laporan kualitas juga ditunjukkan bahwa para pemotong bahan telah diberikan training selama 40 jam dan untuk para penjahit selama 6 jam. Perusahaan memiliki 10 pemotong bahan yang menghasilkan $7,25 per jam dan 36 penjahit dengan $5,50 per jam.
Prosedur pada bagian Quality control yang sudah dibuat tidak mengalami banyak perubahan sejak empat tahun terakhir. Ada 15 orang pada divisi quality control, tiga diantaranya berada pada inspeksi awal dan satu orang supervisor, satu orang pada pembuatan pola. Sebagian besar (8 orang) dari mereka berada pada inspeksi akhir dengan satu supervisor. Para inspektor digaji sebesar $12.000 per tahun, $18.000 per tahun untuk supervisor dan $31.000 per tahun untuk manajer quality control.

3. Analisis Kasus

1. Siapkan diagram fishbone, seperti exhibit 14, identifikasikan akar yang menyebabkan permasalahan kualitas Cascade Seating.

2. Tentukanlah biaya kualitas berdasarkan kategori (prevention, appraisal, etc.) dan identifikasi masalah kinerja yang dibutuhkan, seperti exhibit 12. Customer definedPerformance dimension | Prevention | Assessment | InternalFailure | ExternalFailure | Total | Penurunan kualitas | | | | | | Rendahnya kualitas bahan baku | Salary of Manager Purchasing | $22.000 | | | Return back the Purchased Material | $25.000 | Returns/Allowance | $3.920 | $50.920 | Pemotongan bahan baku | Sewers Training | $2.900 | | | 1. Scarp 2. Downtime | $93.177$5.500 | Returns/Allowance | $34.720 | $136.297 | Penjahitan bahan baku | Cutters Training | $1.188 | | | 1. Scarp 2. Downtime 3. Rework | $54.723$7.400$8.200 | Returns/Allowance | $17.360 | $88.871 | Inspeksi yang buruk | 1. Salary Manager of Quality Control. 2. Salary of Supervisors. | $31.000$72.000 | Salary of Inspectors | $132.000 | | | | | $217.000 | Total | | $129.088 | | $132.000 | | $194.000 | | $56.000 | $471.088 |

Berdasarkan hasil penggolongan biaya kualitas berdasarkan kategori, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa biaya prevention sebesar $129.088, biaya assessment $132.000, biaya failures $250.000 (biaya internal failure $194.000 dan biaya eksternal failure $56.000). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Cascade masih menerapkan traditional view yang masih mentolerir adanya titik minimum terjadinya failure. Sebaiknya Cascade menerapkan perubahan view untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas produk, dengan tidak menghendaki adanya defective, sehingga diusahakan biaya failures itu nol, atau paling tidak lebih kecil dibandingka biaya prevention dan assessment, tetapi semua biaya tersebut harus dapat dikendalikan. 3. Mengapa Cascade mengalami masalah kualitas, meskipun banyak jumlah orang yang bekerja pada fungsi quality control?

Cascade mengalami masalah penurunan kualitas produknya yang berupa jok mobil, sehingga memberikan dampak pada posisi Cascade di General Motor, yang awalnya adalah supplier utama dan saat ini menjadi backup supplier. Padahal Cascade mempunyai 15 orang pekerja di Quality Control Department yang menginspeksi produk-produk Cascade sebelum dijual. Hal ini terjadi karena disebabkan beberapa masalah pada empat area perusahaan yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas produk, yaitu rendahnya kualitas bahan baku, pemotongan bahan baku, penjahitan, atau buruknya inspeksi. Rendahnya kualitas bahan baku diduga disebabkan oleh jeleknya kualitas bahan baku yang diperoleh dari supplier baru bila dibandingkan dengan supplier bahan baku terdahulu, walapun dapat memotong material cost. Kinerja dari pemotong dan penjahit juga kurang memuaskan, pada tahun lalu biaya dari scrapped material adalah $147,900. Setelah diinvestigasi, plant manager menemukan bahwa 63% biaya scrapped material berasal dari pemotongan bahan dengan alasan tertentu dan 37% biaya scrapped material berasal dari penjahitan bahan dengan alasan tertentu.
Hal-hal tersebut yang berkaitan dengan turunnya kualitas juga bisa terjadi karena perusahaan tidak pernah meng-update atau memperbaharui prosedur quality control sejak dibuat 4 tahun yang lalu. Kemudian yang menjadi masalah lainnya adalah Quality Control Department lebih banyak menugaskan stafnya di bagian final inspection dan hanya sedikit yang mengontrol di bagian produksi. Ada 15 orang pada divisi quality control, tiga diantaranya berada pada inspeksi awal dan satu orang supervisor, satu orang pada pembuatan pola. Sebagian besar (8 orang) dari mereka berada pada inspeksi akhir dengan satu supervisor. 4. Apakah sistem akuntansi saat ini menolong atau menghalangi upaya kualitas?
Sistem Akuntansi yang digunakan Cascade saat ini tidak membantu masalah kualitas produk dari Cascade. Sistem Akuntansi yang saat ini digunakan tidak dapat menunjukkan darimana masalah kualitas produk tersebut timbul. Laporan kualitas produk selalu memperlihatkan hasil yang terus meningkat namun Cascade masih mengalami masalah pada kualitas produknya. Walaupun Manajer inventory selalu membuat laporan pengembalian barang dari para customer serta alasan-alasan pengembaliannya, namun para manajer tetap tidak mengetahui masalah kualitas produk tersebut berasal darimana. 5. Tulislah laporan outlining bagaimana Cascade Seating harus menggerakkan kualitasnya untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk?
Cascade mengalami penurunan kualitas produk, hal ini menyebabkan Cascade yang awalnya merupakan supplier utama General Motors turun beralih menjadi backup supplier. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, terdapat beberapa permasalahan utama yang ditemukan, yaitu:
a. Kurangnya kerjasama antar departemen quality control, pembelian, customer service dan inventory control.
b. Keahlian pekerja yang memotong dan yang menjahit yang belum memadai.
c. Prosedur quality control yang tidak pernah diperbaharui/diupdate selama empat tahun terakhir.
d. Rendahnya kualitas bahan baku.
e. Salah satu mesin pemotong dan mesin jahit tidak bekerja dengan semestinya.
f. Quality Control Department lebih banyak menugaskan stafnya di bagian final inspection dan hanya sedikit yang mengontrol di bagian produksi.
Sehingga untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk, Cascade perlu melakukan beberapa hal, antara lain: 1. Menciptakan koordinasi yang baik antar departemen quality control, pembelian, customer service dan inventory control untuk mengindari masalah penurunan kualitas. 2. Menyediakan lebih banyak anggaran untuk memberikan training bagi para pekerja yang memotong dan menjahit bahan baku. 3. Memperbaharui/meng-update prosedur quality control perusahaan sehingga sesuai dengan kebutuhan atau keadaan yang dihadapi Cascade Inc. saat ini. 4. Membeli bahan baku dengan kualitas yang lebih baik, meskipun biayanya yang dikeluarkan akan lebih besar. 5. Selalu melakukan pengechekan berkala terhadap mesin pemotong dan mesin jahit, agar dapat bekerja dengan semestinya. 6. Quality Control Department sebaiknya menugaskan stafnya secara proposional sesuai kebutuhan di bagian final inspection dan yang mengontrol di bagian produksi.

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...Mount St Helens Mount St. Helens is an active volcano in America. The part of America it is in is the Skamania County, Washington, in Northwest United States. It is 96 miles south of Seattle, Washington, and 50 miles northeast of Portland, Oregon. Mount St Helens is a stratovolcano. It last eruption in July 10, 2008. It is 2,550 m high. It was first ascended in 1853. It is in the Cascade Range. Its first ascender was Thomas J. Dryer. Mount St Helens was caused by the subduction of the Juan de Fuca plate under the North American plate. The collision of these two plates is called a collision instead of a destructive because they are both continental plates. In 1980, a major eruption happened at Mount St. Helens. The eruption was the only significant one to occur in the 51 U.S. states since the 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak in California. The eruption was preceded by a two-month series of earthquakes caused by magma close to the volcanos surface that created a fracture system and a huge bulge to occur on the North side of the volcano. Prior to the eruption, USGS scientists convinced local authorities to close Mount St. Helens to the general public their work saved thousands of lives. An earthquake on May 18, 1980, caused the entire north face to slide away creating the largest landslide ever recorded. Because of this it exposed the molten rock in the volcano to lower pressure. This caused the rock to explode. An eruption rose 80,000 feet into the atmosphere. Also the snow on the...

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