...Impact of Poor Nutrition on the Academic Performance of Grade Seven learners: A Case of Zimbabwe Kudzai Chinyoka Great Zimbabwe University Department of Educational Foundations Email: chinyokak@gmail.com Doi:10.5296/ijld.v4i3.6169 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v4i3.6169 Abstract This paper examined the impact of poor nutrition on the academic performance of grade seven learners at two primary schools in Chivi, Zimbabwe. Its main objective is to identify mitigation policies and measures designed to reduce negative effects of poor nutrition on children’s academic performance. Malnutrition remains one of the major obstacles to human well-being affecting all areas of a child's growth and development, including performance in the classroom. The study is grounded in Maslow’s motivational and needs theory. In this study, a qualitative phenomenological case study design was used with focus group discussions, interviews and observations as data collection instruments to twelve (12) grade seven learners, three (3) headmasters and four (4) teachers, purposively sampled in Masvingo province. Findings revealed that malnutrition affected physical growth, cognitive development and it consequently impacts on academic performance, health and survival of learners. Malnutrition also deepens poverty due to increased health care costs. The study also established that hungry and undernourished grade seven learners were not able to take on physical work and sporting activities...
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...Case Study for Vicarious Liability Liberty University Abstract Throughout childhood there are several divisions of development. Of these are biosocial development, cognitive development, and psychosocial development. Through the study of these three areas of development which include the physical, emotional, and cognitive side of growth, it has been determined that children under the age of seven are not capable and therefore cannot be held responsible for criminal intent. Case Study for Vicarious Liability As a parent the responsibilities involving children encompass the development, well-being, and actions of their offspring. Not only is this rule applicable among the social and cultural norms: it is legally binding. Children under the age of seven are deemed incapable of criminal intent while children over the age of seven are presumed guilty of criminal intent if given the proper information to do so. Despite this conclusion created by the legal system, parents or legal guardians are held accountable for the damage created by misconduct displayed by children generally over the age of fourteen. Much like the responsibility employers have over their employees, liability for crimes fall to the parents. One might ask why is “seven years old” deemed the magical age of responsibility? In Kathleen Stassen Berger’s The Developing...
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...Case Study Stephanie Ochs Liberty University Psyc 210-D01 In this particular case a six year-old child brought a gun to school and shot one of his classmates. As a result, the child’s 19-year-old brother was charged with involuntary manslaughter. There can be many different situations that accumulated and led to the young boy shooting his classmate. Some of the reasons that could have led the boy to such a drastic action include guided participation, emotional regulation, reactive aggression and abuse. The law states that a child under seven is considered not criminally responsible, therefore, based on evidence discovered by police, the older brother was charged with the crime, Young children learn from others, mainly their caregivers and their peers. Kathleen Berger (2011), author of The Developing Person Through the Life Span, defines guided participation as, “the process by which people learn from others who guide their experiences and explorations (p. 241).” Parents are children’s main example; they set an example for their children to follow through their life. In this case, the little boy may have parents who have not demonstrated the best lifestyle to their child, leading him to believe that drastic behavior is how people get what they want. The little boy may have potentially witnessed his older brother threaten or even shoot someone because he did not get his way. The little boy might have thought that retaliation in that manor is how you get what you want. ...
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...prevalent, neurobiological disorder which generally has an early onset of symptoms (Biederman, 2005). Children of both genders are affected and symptoms often persist into adolescence and adulthood. It often includes varying degrees of age-inappropriate behaviors such as impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity (Barkley, 2002). These behavior traits must be prominent enough to cause impairment in the individual’s functioning. ADHD is considered a developmentally relative deficit. This means that diagnosable ADHD cases are often the extreme cases of normal traits, or result from an abnormal delay in normal traits. Evidence exists that the disorder runs in families, and it is assumed to be heritable (Biederman, 2005). Polanczyk, Silva de Lima, Horta, Biederman, & Rohde (2007) point out that this disorder has become a major public health concern because of its prevalence, early onset, and the serious financial burden for both families and society, that is often associated with it. Common predicaments with ADHD include overdiagnosis, stimulant medications as treatment, and the issue regarding worldwide prevalence, namely, whether or not it is more common in the United States. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder has been studied extensively, often with controversial findings, which implies that much more research is necessary. ADHD appears quite diverse over varying cases, but the general signs and symptoms are similar. Biederman (2005) describes frequent personality...
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...just did not care what was going on, The case workers were at the house and seen that there was no food in the refrigerator nor electric, this should have been a sign that there was something wrong, especially if there is a 19 year old male that does not look fit! If the children had eating disorders then the foster parents should have brought this to the attention of the proper authorities. The bruises that the nurse found on Bruce’s body should have been reported by the nurse, but since they were not then the case workers had no idea what was going on. Even with the neighbors, since they did not report anything either, there was no wrong-doings on record. The thing that puzzles me is why the children themselves did not report any of the abuse to their case-workers. From the information presented in the case study, determine whether the nine members of the Division of Youth and Family Services staff should have been fired. Why or why not? There is no doubt that they should have been fired, it is there job to protect the interest and to ensure the well-being of all children under their custody. It is their job to check in on the adoptive household to make sure that the children are being properly taken care of and to check that there is food in the refrigerator, adequate living condition for seven children and that there is water and electric operational within the house-hold at all times! Was justice served in this case? Why or why not? Yes, justice was served...
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...The Law Of Infancy Case Study By: Katelin Presley Liberty University April 5, 2012 The law of “Infancy” According to our current legal system and the defense of infancy, children within the age limit of “Infancy” are excluded from any criminal liability because it is said that a child under the age of seven are incapable of committing a crime. However, between the ages of seven and fourteen, children are still presumed incapable of committing a crime although the presumption is rebuttable. When a person comes to read the “Law of Infancy”, they may come to the conclusion that a child, seven and under, is not capable of committing a crime because they do not have the ability to fully understand what they have done was wrong. However, In the February 29, 2000 case of Kayla Rolland, a six year old boy of Buell Elementary school brought a .32 caliber semiautomatic handgun to school shooting Kayla in the neck because of a fight that happened the day before stating that he just wanted to scare her. Although the 1997 Michigan statute stated that a child of any age could be prosecuted as adults for serious crimes, there are many factors proving that a six year old like Dedric Owen, who shot Kayla, could not be held accountable for the crimes they commit. For example, at the age of six, a Dedric has not yet reached the brain developmental maturity, two family members are currently in prison for gun related crimes, and a six year old does not have the ability to regulate...
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...Case Study Ericka Wilson 2/29/2012 Abstract In a small town in Michigan, the unbelievable happened. A 6 year old boy brought a gun to school and shot his first grade classmate in the school library. They had a playground scuffle the day before. After the shooting, he threw the gun down and ran out of the room. School authorities found him hiding in a corner and placed him in their office, where he calmly drew pictures as he waited. Police say that he told them the shooting was an accident and he had only been trying to scare her. In the following investigation, it was found that the shooter lived in a home where father and grandfather were in prison on gun-related charges. He lived with his mother, an uncle and a younger sibling. In searching the boy’s home, police found another stolen gun, a 12 gauge shot gun and drugs. You might be asking yourself, at what age are children held responsible for committing a criminal act. A law professor has pointed out that children under age 7 are not considered criminally responsible; those between 7 and 14 are presumed to lack responsibility and the state must prove otherwise; and those older than 14 are held accountable. A 19 year old male in the household who allegedly possessed the stolen gun was charged with involuntary manslaughter. Again, according to our legal system, children under 7 are not held responsible for crimes. It is said that a 6 yr. old cannot form criminal intent. In Michigan, at six year old boy shot killed...
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...pro-choice and forty seven percent was pro-life. Individuals who oppose abortion believe that human lives should be protected. Pro-choicer’s think differently and feel that the decision should be left to the mother about what she wants to do with her body. The Gallup Poll, which was also conducted in 2010 shows that thirty eight percent of Americans believed that abortion is acceptable and fifty percent stated it was morally wrong. A small portion of approximately nine percent of people said it depended on the situation, such as if one was rape. The topic of abortion in the U.S. has prompted many national...
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...Constitution provision II. Penal provision III. Juvenile justices provision a. Reformatory school Act-1876 b. Children Act-1960 c. Juvenile justice Act-1986 IV. Juvenile justice(Protection and Care) Act-2000 | 10 | 6. | An Analysis I. Who is a juvenile in conflict with law II. Age of criminal responsibility and determination of juvenility III. Present conflict about the age | 14 | 7. | Indian Reformatory approach I. The Child Welfare Committee(CWC) II. The juvenile justices board III. Police IV. Probation Officer V. State government | 16 | 8. | At present- Extent of delinquency in India-NCRB Report | 18 | 9. | Root causation of increasing number of juvenile | 23 | 10. | Role of the society | 26 | 11. | Judicial efforts | 27 | 12. | Recommendation | 28 | 13. | Conclusion | 30 | Introduction 42% of our population is children; the problem of juvenile delinquency is not new but this seek our attention recently very much because of that brutal incident which occur in Delhi. But that is not a only incident of its types many of such happen after that one and many unfortunate incident we have seen before that but no doubt it was an eye opening incident. As far as I think the most heinous crimes among the all, which happen by the society or against the society is crimes against the children and crimes by the children. My...
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...The Case Study PSYC 210: Developmental Psychology Spring D 2015 Antonio Robinson L270221508 APA In the case study presented, a situation was highlighted in which a child’s impulsivity caused a deadly outcome to occur. Observance of behavioral experiments and theories, over the years, has given the understanding that a child’s behavior is influenced by what they see, hear, and are taught from other children and adults. As brain functioning develops, children learn how to process simple thoughts and emotions into more complex reasoning skills. They will also become more experienced, thoughtful, and less impulsive as they mature. Children will experience multiple stages of development and growth until they finally reach adulthood. In the case of the 6 year old mentioned above, the child cannot be held responsible for the crime that was committed because the factors that determine brain development and functioning have not fully matured. Legally, no child under the age of 7 can be held accountable for their actions until all of the biosocial, cognitive, and psychosocial portions of brain and behavioral functioning have fully matured. First of all, the biosocial aspect of development in early childhood relates to brain development and thought processes. A majority of the brain is already present and operational by age 2 (Berger, 2014, p.219), however, the prefrontal cortex of the brain is considered to be the last part to mature. This region of the brain helps with...
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...undoubtedly the most fundamental.” - W.E.B. Du Bois, 1970 The Band-Aid Over a Bullet Wound: How American Charter Schools are not the solution to Systematic Inequality When I was in first grade, my parents pulled me into a room and sat me on my mother’s lap. I was seven at this point, but I was always small for my age so I was still able to do this. I remember being nervous because they were acting so serious and I wondered if they were getting ready to break some bad news. I sat patiently, attempting to read their facial expressions to see if I was in trouble or if something bad had happened. And then the question came… “Maryam…Where do you want to go to school next year?” For the first few years of my education I attended public school. I went to B.M. Williams Primary School in Chesapeake, Virginia and to say I loved it would be an understatement. I was always “advanced” for my age. My teachers told me I read on a fourth grade level. I aced my math drills like they were nothing, and I always ended the year by taking home tons of awards and certificates such as “Best Reader” and “Most Likely to Become President.” School for me was the center of my world, not only because I was seven and what else do seven year olds do besides go to school, but also because my dad was a teacher. I always understood the value of education being that my father devoted his whole life to it. My parents came from very poor backgrounds, growing up in the slums of Philly. As a child, I remember...
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...Reproduction is a means of a species’ survival. Over time, having children has become viewed as a gift and a very special occasion that only happens a few times in one’s life, not just a means of survival. The idea of reproduction and what it means and does for society has become increasingly important. Everything an expectant mother eats, drinks, and puts into her body goes directly into her fetus’ bloodstream. The actions a mother takes during pregnancy sets the course of her baby’s entire life. This is the idea at the core of the science of fetal origins. The science of fetal origins is a recently developed science that focuses on the effects of all actions a mother takes during a pregnancy. Are certain foods more important to eat than...
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...Facts that prove how much children use the internet and the most popular things they use it for (small survey of 10 children and their 3 most popular internet use. (CHIKA) Ever since the introduction of the internet it has rapidly grown into popularity up to the point where majority of us cannot go a day or two without having some form of interaction with it, and as the years go by it has been found that children often times use the internet more than us adults. Using the internet can be a very wonderful and exciting experience for children, it can help them conduct research for things that they might be interested in, reports for school, also for communication purposes as seen today by social media. But too much of a good thing is bad for you. Studies have been conducted to show how much children use the internet for the estimates that were taken before and after the survey show that the internet usage rate can vary from as high as seven hours to as low as three hours. These findings raised some questions about a child’s internet use. Researchers wanted to know if this could affect a child’s social outcome when it comes to the real world, few studies have shown that this is the case. But on the other hand time that is spent online is time that is not spent engaging in social activities with friends and family communicating with them and socializing. Studies were. Some of the popular things that children like to do while online includes searching for information that they...
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...became a problem through the years. In 1950, the right thing to do if pregnancy occurred, was to get married. In 1955, only six percent of caucasian teenage girls were pregnant outside of marriage; today it stands at forty two percent ("The Elkhart Project").The teen birth rate was fifty percent higher in 1957 than it is now ("The Elkhart Project"). In 1992, the federal goverment spent more than thirty four billion dollars on welfare for families begun by teens ("The Elkhart Project"). Overly accepting attitudes from parents pose a problem in today's outlooks on pregnancy from teenagers. According to several studies, younger siblings of teen parents are two to six times more likely to become pregnant ( Frick 77 ). People say teen pregnancy is happening because eighty three percent of the television programs include sexual content, along with radiostations ( 57 ). Recent studies also showed that two problems intertwine together; pregnancy and failure at school. A national longitudinal survey of youth showed that teens in the bottom twenty percent of reading and math skills are five times likely to become pregnant compared to the top twenty percent ( 60 ). Teens with emotional issues without...
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...India has one of the largest populations in the entire world, and with that comes the second largest education system in the word. It is estimated that around thirty percent of India's population is under the age of fifteen[1], thus more children in the education systems. The large education system in India has not always had the best of reputations, and still does not hold a very reputable name for itself. Though there has been strides for improvements in the system of education for India in the last decade, the fundamentals of the law on education is where the main issue lies. There have been many changes to the education system of India in the years since their independence, but there is not much to show for the changes that have been made to their system since the quality of education material, as well as the quality of educators has made little improvement. The education system in India saw many changes shortly after colonial times, and have continued to change since then but the changes have not made as large of an impact as they should have. Many people see the education in India as inadequate, which it may certainly be. Before the British East India Company took the steps to intervene into the educational system, education had little to do with government. The education of India has an interesting history. It is believed by many historians that in the ancient days, the material that was to be taught was done so by word of mouth and was to be taught by the sages and...
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