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Catcher in the Rye

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Holden Caulfield and Mental Illness Holden Caulfield is a 16-year-old rebellious teenager on the outside. He doesn’t seem to care about anything or anyone, and he certainly doesn’t seem to care about his future. If you dig a little deeper however, it isn’t that he doesn’t care, it is that he is suffering from several mental illnesses. At the end of the book you learn that Holden has told you this story from a Mental Hospital. He has displayed many symptoms of PTSD, Depression and Dissociative identity disorder throughout the book. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is hyper anxiety disorder brought about after a shocking or traumatic event. Holden has had at least two events in his life that would bring about this disorder: When he was 13 and his brother Allie died of Leukemia, and when he witnessed the suicide of his classmate James Castle. A symptom of PTSD is reliving the past. The book itself is a flashback and there are many instances where Holden flashes back to a memory. One instance is when he flashes back to after Allie died “ I slept in the garage the night he died, and I broke all the goddamn windows with my fist, just for the hell of it. I even tried to break all the windows on the station wagon we had that summer, but my hand was already broken and everything by that time, and I couldn't do it. It was a very stupid thing to do, I'll admit, but I hardly didn't even know I was doing it, and you didn't know Allie.” (Salinger 1945) Another relevant flashback is to when James Castle killed himself. “He was dead, and his teeth, and blood, were all over the place. […] He had on this turtleneck sweater I'd lent him.” (Salinger 1945) Both of these flashbacks show that Holden lived in the past, he relives the past, and in the case of Allies death he is unable to accept it. He pretends he is there with him and even goes as far as begging Allie not to let him disappear. He uses Allie throughout the novel as a method of support. He mentions how he has only been to Allie’s grave twice, to him Allie isn’t really dead and visiting him in a cemetery is incomprehensible for Holden. Another symptom of PTSD is Detachment. Holden acts as if he is not only uncomfortable in his environment but also his own skin. He calls people phonies many times throughout the book, however he is also a phony and he is aware of it. He talks about how people are liars and yet he calls himself “the most terrific liar you ever saw in your life.”(Salinger 1945) Part of Holden's problem is that he judges everyone and because he does many of the same things, he unintentionally judges himself. Holden isn’t very sociable, the book starts off with him excluding himself from the football game where everyone was at and the theme continues throughout the story. His exclusion causes him to feel lonely. He constantly criticizes Ackley and Stradlater and doesn’t seem to care at all that he is failing out of Pencey. He also said several times that he didn’t have any future. In fact the only time he really spoke of one was when he said that he was going to be a deaf-mute so he didn’t have to listen to anyone nor did he have to talk to them. The last major symptom of PTSD is agitation. There isn’t really a point in the book where Holden is completely happy. He is always complaining about something or someone. One of the biggest examples of this is when he is in the museum and comes across the F word written in red crayon, this causes him to become really angry and say "That's the whole trouble. You can't ever find a place that's nice and peaceful, because there isn't any. You may think there is, but once you get there, when you're not looking, somebody will sneak up and write 'Fuck you' right under your nose." (Salinger 1945) A normal person would see this and become annoyed, offended even, however to have a sort of panic attack and pass out. Another mental illness that Holden displays many signs of is Depression. Depression is a disease in which the person can’t enjoy life. Holden could be the poster child for Depression. He has been through the trauma of losing his younger brother Allie. His older brother, DB, whom he looked up to immensely seems to have abandoned him. Holden doesn’t obey his parents and, although his parents remain hopeful for Holden in school, Holden has failed out of every school he has went to. Holden constantly critiques everyone at the schools he has gone to. Like, when he criticizes Ackley for his many pimples and dirty teeth and annoying personality, When it comes to Stradlater it would be his "phoniness" that he criticized the most. Criticism is just a facade for Holden because he pretends to be better than everyone else to hide the fact that he is a social outcast or a misfit. Holden being a loner contributes immensely to his depression. Suicidal thoughts are another major symptom of depression, he exhibits suicidal thoughts when he says “What I really felt like, though, was committing suicide. I felt like jumping out the window. I probably would've done it, too, if I'd been sure somebody would cover me up as soon as I landed.” (Salinger 1945) He also talks about disappearing and pleas to his dead brother to help him to not disappear. The last mental illness that Holden displays many symptoms of is Dissociative Identity Disorder. This is a disorder where people have split personalities. A symptom of this is mood swings, Holden spent a lot of time telling us about how Phoebe was this great little kid and better than everyone else. However when phoebe wanted to go with him, it’s like he became a different person he became angry and almost hit Phoebe. Another time this happened is in the beginning of the book when he finds out that Stradlater “gave Jane the time”. It’s like he became a different person, he went from annoyed to enraged in 0 to 60. Another symptom of Dissociative Identity Disorder is sleep deprivation Throughout the three days, Holden gets very little sleep,. Holden is so sleep deprived, there is an instance in which he feels like he is about to faint walking on the streets of New York. Sleep deprivation impairs the ability to handle stress and emotions. Holden's emotions have a tendency to go crazy throughout the book. Like, after Phoebe gives him her Christmas money to use, Holden breaks down sobbing.. “That's the terrible part. I swear to God I'm a madman.” (Salinger 1945) Holden says this and admits that he has a variety of mental issues, whether it be PTSD, Depression or Dissociative Identity Disorder, his problems are severe and they put himself and others in danger. No one sane would’ve ran away from school and avoided their parents for three days. Holden didn’t plan on ever going home however somehow phoebe got him to, and it’s a good thing because if she had not of he would probably be out west somewhere living as a deaf-mute.

Works Cited
"Depression." NIMH RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2013.
"Dissociative Identity Disorder (Multiple Personality Disorder)." Psychology Today: Health, Help, Happiness Find a Therapist. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2013.
"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)." NIMH RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Sept. 2013.
Salinger, J. D. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951. Print.

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