...Aristotle’s four causes Aristotle's Theory of the Four Causes is a theory that explains how everything that is observed in the world appears to have existed through cause and effect. The point is that these four causes can encompass an objects complete description, such as what it's made of, what it looks like, what made it and its purpose. The Causation theory is the basis for much of Aristotle's work, including Physics, Metaphysics, and The Politics. They clearly define Aristotle's way of studying the world around him, which is empirical and observant of what we can see and know; a trait completely different to what Plato taught. The Final Cause differs greatly from the others because it describes something's ultimate purpose, not just a material viewpoint, and God (or the Prime Mover) has to be our Final Cause as he alone is perfection, and everything good that we do is to seek perfection. The first three causes are the Material Cause, the Formal Cause and the Efficient Cause. The Material Cause is what something is made of, and without the material to make the object, the object could not exist. This essay is made up of words, but without words the essay would cease to exist. The Formal Cause is what the shape of an object is, or perhaps the structure of the object that makes it what it is. Without its shape it is just the material that has potential to be an object. This essay is in the shape of an essay; it has a title, is structured in paragraphs, and the sentences...
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... |Tips | |Rhetorical mode |Explain when or why each |Explain what organizational method works |Provide two tips for writing | | |rhetorical mode is used. |best with each rhetorical mode. |in each rhetorical mode. | |Narration |The purpose of narrative writing |A strong narrative essay, containing |--Phrases and words related to| | |is an extensive form or |details of the setting, characters, and |the human senses attract the | | |storytelling. It can either be |situations relevant to the conflict of the|audience’s attention. | | |factual or fictional; it depends |story to engage the audience. It gives the| | | |on the purpose of the author, such|audience a vivid illustration of what is |--Minor characters help | | |as biographies or memoirs. |occurring. An essay of this nature is |support main characters or add| | | |structured in chronological order |details to plots and | | | |beginning with the plot, characters, |conflicts. | | | |conflict, and then theme....
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...Some basic grammatical concepts are taught and students are to apply them in their writing. Writing will focus on the development of coherent paragraphs. Reading skills will cover such strategies as scanning, skimming, main ideas, contextual clues and inferences. Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of this subject, student will be able to: 1. write summaries as well as process, comparison-contrast and cause-effect essays 2. apply basic grammatical concepts in writing 3. answer questions based on academic texts 4. give oral presentations Textbook: 1. Daise, D., Norloff, C., and Carne, P., (2011). Q: Skills for Success 4 : Reading and Writing Oxford University Press, UK 2. Paterson, K, and Wedge, R., (2013). Oxford Grammar for EAP. Oxford University Press, UK Recommended References: Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1997), Cambridge University Press, UK Mode of Assessment: [1] Class participation 5% [2] Quiz 1 15% [3] Quiz 2 10% [4] Oral Presentation 10% [5] Mid-Term Examination 20% [6] Final Examination 40% Syllabus – FDENG001 |Week |UNIT |Topics | |Week 1 |- |Introduction to course and diagnostic writing | | | |...
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...Dr. Oguine Fall 2003 ENGL 2101-ZFE, ZGE & ZCD Persuasive Essay Topic Write a persuasive essay of 3-4 pages on the topic below, using references from the following essays studied in this unit: Sojourner Truth’s “Ain’t I a Woman?” (348), Andrew Sullivan’s “What Are Homosexuals For?’ (350), Meridel Lesueur’s “Women and Work” (687), and Adrienne Rich’s “What Does a Woman Need to Know?” (65). Provide in-text citations and a Works Cited page in MLA format. Adrienne Rich says that the term power is “highly charged for women,” and she uses it in different senses in her essay, “What Does a Women Need to Know?” Look carefully at these different meanings of power. Explore the causes and effects of women not having these powers. From your own experience and Debra Dickerson’s experiences in An American Story, present strong convincing arguments on whether women should or should not have such powers. Developmental Strategy: Cause and Effect Goal: You will write a paper, taking a position on an issue, with the focus on developing a persuasive argument. You must use two or three of the text essays to support your position. The purpose of this assignment is to develop your ability to construct a convincing argument and use both textual material and your own experience to support that argument. Pre-writing Strategies and Drafting Schedule: Monday, November 3: Class presentation of double-entry journal. Homework: BB Discussion Boards posting of title, thesis...
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...Warning You do not have permissions to perform this activity Courses Download Save Link Courses View Syllabus English Composition II Details | This course explores various types of research writing, with a focus on constructing essays, arguments, and research reports based on primary and secondary sources. A writing-intensive course. Prerequisite: ENG-105 | Credit Hours | 4.0 | Pre-requisites | ENG-105 | Co-requisites | None | Course Add-Ons | Textbook1. Finding Purpose Through Argumentative WritingGrand Canyon University (Ed.). (2015). Finding purpose through argumentative writing.http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2015/finding-purpose-through-argumentative-writing_ebook_1e.phpElectronic Resource1. The Writing Process Mediahttp://lc.gcumedia.com/zwebassets/courseMaterialPages/eng105_writingProcess.php 2. Rubric Peer Review Mediahttp://cola.gcumedia.com/phi105/rubric/rubricCompare.html 3. Flashcard DeckUtilize the flashcard deck to review key terms and definitions.http://lc.gcumedia.com/mediaElements/gcu-flashcard-application/v1.1/#/add/ENG-106 Additional Material1. Developing Academic Skills GuideReview this resource as you move forward in the course. It will be important to come back to this resource periodically.ENG106_DevelopingAcademicSkillsGuide.docx 2. Academic Writing GuidelinesReview this resource as you move forward in the course. It will be important to start your assignments. Come back to this resource periodically...
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...to other countries using military force. Mark Twain’s essay, The War Prayer, was written during this time, but argued against the popular philosophy of imperialism. Twain’s essay was too controversial and Harper’s Bazaar believed it was not suited for the public to read, so it went unpublished until after his death and after the idea of imperialism had lost its fervor. Twain’s essay discusses imperialism and its consequences. Twain uses two very different characters, a priest and a stranger, to contrast pro-imperialism and anti-imperialism. Ultimately, Twain’s essay reveals to readers that praying for success in war is also praying for the defeat of another nation. Twain reveals the brutality of imperialism in The War Prayer through effective use of irony, purposeful word choice, and a powerful final sentence. The War Prayer uses irony to convey Twain’s theme, as it takes place in a church. Members of a town gather every Sunday at church to pray for their soldiers. Their prayers mention their hopes to “drown the thunder of the guns with the shrieks of their wounded,” and “go forth from the sweet peace of our beloved firesides to smite the foe.” The prayers of the townspeople wish for no mercy on the enemy, however, they are said in the very place they are taught to love all people, a church. Twain’s setting is ironic because the people pray for destruction in a place of peace. The irony of the setting causes readers to question exactly what the people are praying...
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...particular philosophical problem therefore requires a historical perspective. Thus, in order to better understand the contemporary approaches to the complex issue of causation, and the problems they raise, it is necessary to have a clear insight into the historical evolution of the concept of cause. Causality also referred to as causation is the relationship between an event (the cause) and a second event (the effect), where the second event is understood as a consequence of the first. In common usage, causality is also the relationship between a set of factors (causes) and a phenomenon (the effect). Anything that affects an effect is a factor of that effect. The philosophical treatment on the subject of causality extends over many years. In the Western philosophical tradition, discussion stretches back at least to Aristotle, and the topic remains a staple in contemporary philosophy. Though the concept of causation has emerged in Pre-Socratic philosophy, it was probably Plato who first stated the principle of causality: "everything that becomes or changes must do so owing to some cause; for nothing can come to be without a cause". But Plato emphasized the causal importance of formal causes. Nothing can be unless there be a changeless pattern of...
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...WRITING AN INTRODUCTION FOR AN ESSAY Good introductions provide: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. a clear and detailed map of what is in the essay; a thesis statement - a statement of the writer’s main argument; a sentence which delimits the scope of the essay; interesting statements that engage the reader's attention; and background information. ACTIVITY 1 Read through Introduction A. Identify which of the sentences perform the functions listed above. Then go to the end of this information flyer and check how well you did. Information technology is having significant effects on the communication of individuals and organizations in different professions. This essay will discuss the impact of information technology on the communication of health professionals. The essay will begin by discussing how information technology provides for the educational needs of nurses. It will then explain how information technology can have significant effects on the role of general practitioner in the area of public health. The essay will then turn to consider the lack of knowledge about the potential of computers among hospital administrators and nursing executives. The final section will deal with how information technology assists health professionals in the delivery of services in rural areas. The essay will argue that information technology has significant potential to improve health care and medical education but health professionals are reluctant to use it. ACTIVITY 2 Read through Introduction B. As you...
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...Vervenne DeVry University Should Vaccines Be Required for Children? Shots, inoculations, vaccines, do children need them? This is the issue that needs to be discussed. Why are vaccines a necessity of current times? Even though vaccines may have some side effects, they have saved many lives as everyone already knows. They prevent many types of diseases and stop the spread of others. Just image having to send your children to school that’s filled with other children carrying diseases and viruses. Viruses such as small pox, measles, and mumps that could invade your child’s body which in most circumstances will then be brought home and spread to other family members. Therefore, every child in America needs to be vaccinated before beginning school because vaccines can prevent disease, save lives, and alleviate sick days at school. Firstly, many of these contagious diseases in children are preventable. Many of the viruses that cause diseases such as measles, mumps, or small pox are very dangerous. Sometimes the symptoms are very mild or not even noticed. While other times the symptoms can be severe, possibly even leaving a residual effect. For example, as everyone knows, if an adult male contracts mumps, this may cause sterility. Another example is polio, although preventable, once this disease is contracted it can lead to permanent muscle weakness. Once someone contracts one of these types of disease, it can possibly be fatal. Fortunately, these types of diseases are now avoidable...
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...University of Phoenix Material Rhetorical Modes Matrix Rhetorical modes are various methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. Complete the following chart to identify the purpose and structure of the various rhetorical modes used in academic writing. Provide at least two tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. | |Purpose |Structure |Tips | |Rhetorical mode |Explain when or why each |Explain what organizational method works |Provide two tips for writing in | | |rhetorical mode is used. |best with each rhetorical mode. |each rhetorical mode. | |Narration | | | | | |Narration is used to tell/retell|We feel that when you are narrating a |Be sure you know whether your | | |stories, and can be used at any |story to anyone it is best to place your |narration is factual or fictional| | |time. (Between friends, |ideas in chronological order. That way | | | |colleagues, family.) |the details of the story are in place and| | | | |you are...
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...breaking the unit into parts and analyzing the parts and the whole Classification ( put two or more related items together and categorize them according to type or kind Process-Analysis Technique that explains the steps or sequence in doing something Satisfies our need to learn as well as our curiosity of how it works Comparison-Contrast Analyze similarities and differences Helps to make choices Cause-Effect Casual analysis Choice and consequence Why does one thing cause something else to happen? Definition What something means Takes apart an idea and explains all parts of the idea Persuasion Convince reader the soundness of a particular opinion on a controversial issue When emotion is used, it is called persuasion When logic is used, it is called argumentation PRODUCT The Product is what the final version will be....
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...LECTURE 2 – POWELL THE WRITING PROCESS KINDS OF WRITING/DISCOURSE TYPES: THE BASIC PURPOSES OF WRITING ARE TO INFORM, TO PERSUADE, AND TO ENTERTAIN. Prose is ordinary written/spoken language without poetic structure. Prose that informs is called exposition/expository writing. Expository writing explains how things work, ideas, how to solve a problem, facts about everyday life, history, controversial issues. Expository writing is constructed LOGICALLY – organized around structures like cause and effect, true and false, less and more, positive and negative, general and specific, sequences or series of steps/procedures, chronology, etc. Ideas in exposition are moved along by connectives like therefore, however, but, in fact, and, for example. An example of expository writing is the information report – facts about a subject with descriptions, definitions and classifications, e.g. scientific reports or business reports with diagrams, technical language or jargon (words/expressions specific to a particular profession). Certain descriptive and narrative writing can also fall under the category of writing that informs. Descriptions of the details of experiences, people, places, situations, processes should be arranged into a meaningful pattern, and narration should give an account of related events/incidents as in a report and in a logical sequence. Prose that persuades is often called argumentative writing. The writer takes a stand, proving an opinion/argument...
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...5/17/2016 WEEK 3 The Essay An Overview of Essay Development The INTRODUCTION The BODY PARAGRAPHS What it contains? Background information, which attracts or ‘hooks’ the reader. What it contains? Topic sentences which follow the thesis statement. Transitions introducing each sub topic. Relevant and generous convincing support (unity) and coherence. A closing remark (concluding sentence) showing the relevance of the support. A thesis statement, which limits the topic and states a precise opinion. The CONCLUSION What it contains? A paraphrase of the thesis statement. INTRODUCTION A summary of the main points. A closing remark (final remark). 1 5/17/2016 Introduction dna noitnetta s’redaer eht teg ot koo H ::::kooH koo H koo H .1 .1 .1 .1 eht ni ecnetnes tsrif( .cipot eht secudortni )hpargarap .2 tnempoleveD .3 .3 .3 .3 neme a S s sehT neme a S s sehT :::: ttttnemettttattttS siiiisehT neme a S s sehT secnetnes lareneg 4 ot 2 : fo sucof eht ecudortni ot )hpargarap eht fo ecnetnes tsal( )hpargarap eht fo ecnetnes tsal( )hpargarap eht fo ecnetnes tsal( )hpargarap eht fo ecnetnes tsal( .yasse eht 1. Start with a general statement (funnel approach) HOW DO YOU CREATE A HOOK? 2.Start with an idea/situation that is the opposite of the one you intend to develop We live in an era where television is the national pastime. Since the invention of the television set, people have...
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...question on the GCSE English Literature exam paper. It is perhaps the more demanding of the tasks on the paper, because unlike the question on the prose, in this section you are being asked to compare four poems simultaneously throughout your answer. In the exam you should spend one hour on this section of the paper. Given the greater demand of the task, your response to the poetry is worth more marks than the response to the prose. In order to perform at the highest level on this paper, it is important that you develop a nuanced and sophisticated comparative written style. However, this is achievable if you adopt a systematic approach to ordering and writing your responses. It does, however, demand considerable practice prior to the final examination. What is the Examiner looking for in a response to the Poetry? The exam is designed to test your ability to do the following things: Can you respond to the poems critically, in detail, and sensitively using textual evidence? Can Can you explore language, structure and form contribute to the meaning of texts? Can Can you compare the ways that ideas, themes and relationships are presented in the poems by selecting Can pertinent details from the texts? In other words you need to: Write a detailed and nuanced comparison of the poems considering how the language and form contribute to the overall meaning of the poems, and the relationships, themes and ideas that the poets are trying to present to the audience...
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...ELS Effective Learning Service Essay Writing For appointments contact: els@qmu.ac.uk or elsinternational@qmu.ac.uk web: www.qmu.ac.uk/ELS Contents Page What do tutors want to see in an essay? 2 What are the key stages in writing an essay? 2 What is an essay? 3 The structure of an essay 4 Analyse the task 5 Make a structure plan 6 Reading and researching 7 Reflect and evaluate – refine your plan 8 Writing the first draft 9 What is a paragraph? 10 Signalling words within paragraphs 11 Linking ideas between paragraphs 12 Writing the introduction 13 Writing the conclusion 14 Academic writing style – a very brief guide 16 Planning an essay – a mindmap with an overview 17 1 What do tutors want to see in an essay? • that you have understood the question • that you have structured the work clearly and logically • that you show evidence of relevant reading What are the key stages in writing an essay? • analyse the task • ask yourself what you know and need to know about the topic • make a plan of the structure of essay • read and research and note-take • reflect on and refine your plan • write the first draft – main body, then introduction and conclusion • plan your time and set goals This leaflet will outline the key stages you need to go through and will also show you how to write a good paragraph, an introduction, and a conclusion. Subject preferences may vary. It is always a good idea to check the preferred format for your...
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