...with a disability or multiple disabilities, a plan of care is initiated according to the severity of their condition and their needs. This plan is individualized; one child’s diagnosis is not a reflection of the wide range conditions that affect many children. Intellectual disabilities can be mild to profound, can be caused by different factors and can have a different impact on a student’s education and adult life. (Hardman, Drew, & Egan, 2013). Professionals have found many causes for disabilities from genetic to medical. Whatever the cause of these disabilities educators must identify areas of curriculum necessary for students with severe disabilities and/or multiple disabilities. Our local school district, like many public schools, has policies and procedures and programs to ensure appropriate education for students with intellectual disabilities. The degree of a person’s intellectual disability that can be described as mild to profound and the causes of the disability can play a major role in identifying the areas of curriculum necessary for students with disabilities. Definitions, Causes and Impact According to AAIDD, intellectual disabilities is defined as “significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.” (AAIDD, 2013) This type of disability originates before age 18 and can have many different causes. The most common causes of intellectual disabilities are genetic...
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...Students There are many types of disabilities that a teacher has to know about, This paper will define some of them and also the curricula that are used to each one of these disabilities. This paper will also explore the policies procedures, and programs for the education of students with intellectual disables autism, and or severe and multiple disabilities, Does the curriculum of the school district address or ignore the needs of students with disabilities? Intellectual disabilities means a person has significant sub average intellectual functions on the general level. They also show deficits in the area of adaptive behavior. The combination of the two affects the education of the student (NICHCY 2012) There are many causes of intellectual; disabilities. Intellectual disabilities can be caused by genetic conditions. This occurs when the child inherits abnormal genes for their parents. Down syndrome. Fragile x syndrome, and phenylketonuria are all examples of genetic conditions. They can also be caused by a mother having trouble during pregnancy. This means the baby does not develop properly this can be caused by several things like if the babies calls do not divide properly, if the mother uses alcohol or contracts an infection like rubella. The other cause could be problems at birth; This can happen if a baby is deprived of oxygen during birth, Health problems life meningitis, measles, whooping cough can also cause intellectual disabilities. (NICHCY 2011)... There are...
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...Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Carrie Massey Grand Canyon University SPE 526 December 03, 2012 Abstract There are several different types of intellectual disabilities, such as mental retardation, autism, traumatic brain injury, severe and multiple disabilities, and deaf-blindness. Understanding the causes and characteristics of these disabilities is important in determining what is needed in the learning environment to ensure that students with intellectual and other disabilities have access to the quality education they deserve. Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities There are several different types of intellectual disabilities that can affect a child’s educational abilities. It is important that teachers and parents understand the causes and characteristics of the different types of intellectual disabilities in order to ensure that all students are provided with a quality education. Intellectual disabilities can be caused by a number of factors or incidents, and can vary from person to person in severity, symptoms and effect on their ability to learn and function. Understanding the causes and effects of such disabilities will assist educators in developing proper teaching methods, accommodations and special materials needed to optimize the learning environment. Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is defined by deficient intelligence and adaptive behavior that...
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...Introduction The definition of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities has changed over the past several years. One of the most significant changes was within the name. The former name of this disability was Mental Retardation (MR). This name was changed to Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities AAIDD, (formerly known as AAMR), changed its name in 2007 to help people with “sub average intellectual abilities”, avoid ridicule and scorn. In 2010 Rosas Law was passed. This new Law mandated that the term, “intellectual disabilities” replace “mental retardation”. (Hallahan, Kuffman, & Pullen, 2015. P.84.) During this time many schools were protesting to “Spread...
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...Understand Intellectual Disabilities Jennifer L Givens Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 April 9, 2014 Abstract The ability of educators to meet the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004, as well as, have the ability to teach individuals with disabilities requires that all educators take a deeper look into and understand the main diagnoses of these disabilities. The disabilities focused on will include intellectual disability, traumatic brain injury (TBI), autism, severe disabilities, and deaf-blindness. By expanding on these noted definitions, characteristics and causes of these five disabilities it will allow educators and parents to have a deeper understanding of the needs of their disabled learner. This allows the public education system to provide equal educational opportunities for all students which is required by law under IDEA. How to Understand Intellectual Disabilities The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA), created definitions to help in the understanding of many different disabilities. These definitions then help create diagnoses that allow students to receive a free and appropriate education (FAPE). This type education falls under the category of public schools providing special education services for their students (U.S. Department of Education, 2004). All children deserve a fair shot at life and have the right to learn to the best of their ability. While each discussed disability has its own unique...
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...Running head: LEARNING DISABILITIES Learning Disabilities Yadira M. Cesena Grand Canyon University SPE 526- Educating Learners with Diverse Needs April 19, 2011 Abstract This paper was written with the intent to define, describe the characteristics and causes of learning disabilities, communication disorders and giftedness. The author discusses the curriculum that is necessary for the students with learning disabilities, communication disorders and giftedness. The author summarizes in a short concluding paragraph that brings the topics together. Learning Disabilities There is so much known about learning disabilities, but yet so little. As a teacher it is important to understand the various types of learning disabilities, communication disorders and giftedness. In reality what does that all mean? Teachers should be well informed about the definitions of these as well as what characteristics to look for and what causes them. It is estimated that approximately six to ten percent of school-aged children are learning disabled. Many times students are mistakenly diagnosed having a learning disability. That is the reason why it is important for teachers to understand the difference of having different learning styles or needs than having a disability. Teachers need to know what to include in the curriculum, or how to make accommodations, or modifications to cater to the needs of the individual student. The ultimate goal is to understand these students and to give...
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...focuses on enhancing the quality of life for people with disabilities and their families, meeting basic needs and ensuring inclusion and participation. CBR was initiated in the mid-1980s but has evolved to become a multi-sectoral strategy that empowers persons with disabilities to access and benefit from education, employment/vocational, health and other social services. CBR is implemented through the combined efforts of people with disabilities, their families, relevant government and non-government organizations and communities. CBR is "a strategy within community development for the rehabilitation, equalization of opportunities and social integration of all people with disabilities” (provided by United Nations) "CBR is a strategy for enhancing the quality of life of disabled people by improving service delivery, by providing more equitable opportunities and by promoting and protecting their human rights" (Einar Helander; Internationally Recognized Expert on CBR) Goals/objectives of CBR The goals of CBR are to ensure the benefits of the Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities reach the majority by: ✓ Supporting people with disabilities to maximize their physical and mental abilities, to access regular services and opportunities, and to become active contributors to the community and society at large; ✓ Activating communities to promote and protect the human rights of people with disabilities for example by removing barriers to participation; ...
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...Grand Canyon University: SPE-226 October 5, 2013 Different Kinds of Disabilities There are several different types of disabilities a child may have. There are disabilities such as intellectual disabilities, autism, severe disabilities, and multiple disabilities. All disabilities are different. They have different cause and may have different effects on the students learning. Intellectual Disabilities Intellectual disability by definition is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practice skills. This disability originates before the age of 18 (aaid.org). Intelligence tests are given to gauge if a person has an intellectual disability. Another test used is adaptive behavior scales. Students are observed to see if they have the ability to act appropriately in social situations and if they have the ability to take care of their personal needs (i.e. hygiene). Using both tests, a person can be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, which can be described as mild, moderate, severe, or profound. Intellectual disabilities may occur for a number of reasons. Although the causes are not always known, there are a few known causes such as sociocultural influences, biomedical factors, behavioral factors and unknown prenatal influences (Hardman, Drew & Egan 2011). Students with intellectual disabilities usually read on a reading level that is lower than that of other students...
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... A. Overview * Defining Disability in Cambodia - Cambodia has one of the highest rates of disability in the developing world. -The main causes of disability are due to illnesses, diseases, and accidents. -The causes of disability from mine are relatively in the low percentage. -Approximately 3 people are killed or injured by mines in Cambodia each day however traffic accidents are significantly responsible for the causes of disability. * Table of Disabled people in Cambodia * Disability and Poverty - National Poverty Reduction Strategy states that 36% of the population in Cambodia live below the poverty line of US $0.40-0.63. -Disability and poverty are closely intertwined, the victims of mine are usually poor people that have to live near and enter mine affected areas to collect food or firewood. -They also use less safe methods of transport and work in risky environments. -Lack of access to basic health care leads to infections, illnesses and injuries that often result in permanent disability because the wounds were left untreated. -Untreated common childhood ear infections are a major cause of permanent hearing loss in children -Psycho-social mental health problems such as depression and anxiety due to being in poverty can also be disabling. -Malnourishment is a major cause of developmental delay and long -term intellectual disability. Iron deficiency can reduce intelligence and Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of childhood blindness.. -Some...
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...Learning Disabilities, a problem people are facing in today’s society, can be caused by a variety of factors. Learning Disabilities can be caused by factors such as genetic influences, brain development, and environmental impact. There are many methods used to determine a learning disability. Researchers have pinpointed risks that, if left untreated, can lead to future problems with the person. A history of disorders; behaviors such as pronunciation, cooperation such as turn taking, and keeping focus on a task, are some signs of a learning disability. Treatments are readily available to better these risks. These treatments include special education, speech and language therapy, and in some cases, medications can help to enhance the child’s strengths and weaknesses as well as enhancing their attention and concentration. Why are preschoolers not diagnosed with learning disabilities? Learning disabilities are faced by many people in the world today. Aram, Morris and Hall (1992) define learning disability as the impairment or deviant development of comprehension and/or use of a spoken, written, and/or other symbol system. Someone with a learning disability may have trouble with the form of language such as the use of the phonological, morphologic, and syntactic systems. One may have trouble with language content which includes the grammatical points of language, the sound system of the language, and new vocabulary one will learn. Learning disabilities can...
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...students with disabilities now more than ever before. Finding the correct methods and instruction to produce a healthy learning environment, and assisting students with disabilities is a key element in classrooms today. There are many different disabilities and educating ourselves as teachers on aspects of disabilities helps us to help others. Intellectual disability is distinguished mutually by a substantial under average score on a mental or intelligence test. This score combined with restrictions of aptitude in subjects of daily life, which encompasses social and school functions, communication, and self care. Other aspects consist of partial scope to plan, solve, think abstractly, comprehend complicated thoughts, understand quickly, and gain knowledge through occurrences (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). The processing of delivering these aspects is slower than their peers with average intellect and capabilities. The varieties of this disability are categorized from mild to profound. When an individual has an intellectual disability it is not uncommon for other disabilities to be integrated with it (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). Some of the other disabilities can consist of cerebral palsy, seizure disorder, vision and hearing impairments, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). The cause of intellectual disabilities, for the most part are unknown. Research has indicated that some causes tend to occur...
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...Running head: LEARNING DISABILITIES Learning Disabilities, Communication Disorders, and Giftedness Colby Adams Grand Canyon University Dr. Jewell G. Winn RES 531: Research Methods March 12, 2012 Abstract Learning Disabilities, Communication Disorders, and Giftedness Basic introduction paragraph or two. Learning disabilities Definition. Learning disabilities are a general term that expresses certain variables of learning difficulties. A learning disability causes people to have trouble learning and acquiring knowledge. People in general are often most affected by criteria: reading, writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, and mathematics (National, 2012). When people have learning disabilities having L.D. is an umbrella term for other names, which include: * Dyslexia—which refers to difficulties in reading; * Dysgraphia—which refers to difficulties in writing; and * Dyscalcula—which refers to difficulties in math (National, 2012). The above terms are the formal definitions for people that have a learning disability but in a specific area. Certain individuals that study learning disabilities have found that the brain works differently by which it processes information entirely different from others. Children with various learning disabilities have often been coined as being stupid or lazy. They are in fact neither, they can be extremely high achievers and with the right help children with LD acquire knowledge over time with...
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...Learning Disability 1 Running head: LEARNING DISABILITY Learning Disability 2 Abstract Learning disability is a term used to describe specific kinds of learning problems. A person can have problems with skills like reading, listening, speaking, math, writing, and reasoning. Learning disabilities constitutes over half of the special education services. The cause of learning disabilities deals with the dysfunction of the brain and how it processes information it may be related to medical or genetic. Having problems receiving and sending messages deals with communication disorder. Students with high achievement, intellectually has the capacity to retain, learn, and use an extreme amount of information is called gifted .In this paper I will discuss the characteristics, causes and definition of learning disabilities, communication disorders, and giftedness. Learning Disability 3 Learning Disability Learning disabilities or learning disorder affect how a person receives information, how they process it, and how they communicate. People with learning disabilities have problems processing sensory information. The art of learning is affected because a student cannot learn as quickly as his/her counterparts...
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...1.1 Identify legislation and policies that are designed to promote the human rights, inclusion, equal life chances and citizenship of individuals with learning disabilities? .Essential Standards .Mental Capacity Act. .Equality Act .Human Wright Act .National Health Serve and Community Care Act 1990 .Company policies and procedure 1.2 Explain how this legislation and policies influence the day-to-day experiences of individuals with learning disabilities and their families? It helped and protect people with disabilities from discrimination and protect them from abuse. 2.1 Explain what is meant by ‘learning disability’? A learning disability affects the way people understand information and may need support to develop new skill. 2.2...
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...importance of these traits even more so. Mental retardation, autism, severe and even multiple disabilities, while posing additional impact and challenges on the education process for students, these issues are in no way insurmountable. Well thought out curriculum plans implemented through special policy, services, and programs are necessary to ensure that any student has every opportunity available to them for a successful education experience that will carry through beyond their student years. Mental retardation is descriptive of a disability that includes both intellectual as well as behavioral problems and until recently, was often used as a blanket statement to cover a wide variety, if not all, disabilities. In 2006, The American Association on Mental Retardation changed its name to The American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAID, 2009) to reflect a change in this attitude. They state that “intellectual disability is one that is characterized by significant limits both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills (AAID, 2009). While a number of the causes of intellectual disabilities are still being studied, fetal alcohol and Down’s syndromes, and fragile X all have connections to mental retardation (Prevention News 1997). Autism is defined as a complex developmental disability that typically appears during the first two years of life and is the result of a neurological...
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