...Obesity in the UK Obesity has been existing in the UK for a long time, but recently it has become a main healthy concern taken seriously by the whole society. The reason for this is that the number of obese people in the UK is significantly increasing which shows a prevalence of obesity in the population. According to Foresight modelling, there could be over a half of the adults and about 25% of all children under 16 being overweight by 2050. The cause of obesity can be various. Personal responsibility has a strong effect on weight gain. Nowadays due to the hectic work, many people develop an unhealthy eating habit such as skipping breakfast, eating processed or fast food without fruits and vegetables and disordered diets. For example, in most offices, staffs have 2 hours of break time so the fast food can be the best choice for lunch. Besides, currently under the enormous social pressure, some people release themselves by gluttony and drinking alcohol which all contain a lot of calories. Lack of sleep is another factor contributed to overweight. The experts claim that getting less than 7 hours of sleep a night can directly lead to changes in harmonies that increase ones appetite. As a consequent, people are tending to eat more in the days. On the other hand, today’s ‘obesogenic’ environment with its sufficiency of high caloric diet, mechanized transportation and sedentary lifestyles play a crucial part in put on weight. Recent years, fast food rapidly extends to the world...
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...the UK D1: Evaluate the influence of government on factors that contribute to the current patterns of health and illness in the UK There are many factors that are likely to influence current and future patterns of health in the UK. I will be discussing binge drinking particularly in teenagers and obesity issues in the UK. This is because I believe that the biggest health issues affecting the UK at present are influenced by lifestyle choices. There are many current health issues within the UK that are affecting current health patterns and are likely to affect the future patterns of health. The government has introduced policies and legislations that should tackle these factors affecting health patterns. Binge drinking used to mean drinking a lot of alcohol over consecutive days, however now binge drinking refers to drinking a lot of alcohol over a short period of time whether this is to get drunk or to feel the effects of the alcohol on them. This has only more recently changed as teenagers have been seen to drink considerably more alcohol. Different Medias have shown that teenagers have been seen to binge drink more than the average adult drinks. “Media coverage has been given to news that “British teenagers are the third worst binge drinkers in Europe” Teenagers may have many reasons to drink such as issue as home, to fit in, peer pressure or even to feel a sense of thrill from the alcohol. Drinking alcohol carelessly which is what teenagers currently do, causes many...
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...Unit 12: Public Health Contents No. | Title | Page no. | 1 | P1: Describe key aspects of public health | 3 | 2 | P2: Describe the origins of public health policy in the UK from the 19th century to the present day | 4-5 | 3 | P3: Describe current patterns of ill health and how they are monitored | 6 | 4 | P4: Explain the main factors affecting current patterns of health in the UK | 7-8 | 5 | P5: Explain health promotion and protection | 9 | 6 | P6: Explain appropriate methods of prevention/control for a named communicable and a named non-communicable disease | 10 | | Bibliography | 11 | P1: Describe key aspects of public health These are the key aspects of public health: 1) Monitoring health status – They do this by tracking changes in the health of the population and alerting people to potential problems, like the rising levels of obesity within the population....
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...in the UK for obesity In recent years the emphasis on obesity as a health crisis has become more apparent than ever. Obesity can be defined as, ‘… a condition in which weight gain has reached the point of seriously endangering health,’ (National Audit Office, 2001, pg.7) Obesity is calculated using BMI, (body mass index) which takes into account the height and weight of the individual.The issue causes concern for the health sector as it leads to illnesses such as cardio vascular disease and type 2 diabetes resulting in a further strain on hospitals. Globally in 2005, there was said to be an estimated 1.6 million overweight adults and a further 400 million that were obese (World Health Organisation, 2005). If data from the UK is isolated the statistics are alarming. In 1980, 40% of the population were overweight, and less than 10% were obese. Currently, 66% are overweight and more than 20% are obese (Wilkinson and Pickett 2010). According to Healthy Weight, Healthy Lives It is predicted that by 2050 60% of the population will be obese (Department of Health, 2008). Although figures are clearly rising it is also important to note that obesity is socially constructed. Not to say that obesity isn’t a problem but the idea that the classification of being clinically obese is constantly being redefined, and therefore has been altered over the years meaning that more people now fit into the category. In 2008, Gordon Brown introduced a policy to tackle the obesity crisis...
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...of government on factors that contribute to the current patterns of health and illness in the UK – Over the course of the last 50 years in the UK the government (England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland) have made a great effort in order to improve the overall health of the general population in the UK. This has been achieved through the use of making the general population more aware of the dangers to their health and what they are along with they can do in order to improve it, thereby making better informed decisions in regards to their health when it comes to things such as diet, road safety (driving), exercise, smoking and education. The greatest influence that the government has had on the population in general on patterns of health over the last 50 years has been to increase the awareness on the negative effects smoking can have on a person’s health. The ill effects of smoking were originally discovered in 1961 and from that point onwards the government have worked continuously in order to stop people from smoking in order to prevent individuals from dying. The first government initiative was put into place in 1971 which led to manufactures agreeing to display on their packaging compulsory anti-smoking adverts, such as “smoking kills”. This new initiative made a significant impact on raising people’s awareness in the UK about the damaging effects smoking can cause to their health. Adverts promoting smoking were officially band in 2002 through the use of...
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...line graph shows visits to and from the UK from 1979 to 1999, and the bar graph shows the most popular countries visited by UK residents in 1999. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. The line graph illustrates the number of visitors went abroad and came to UK between 1979 and 1999, while the bar graph shows which countries were the most popular for UK residents in 1999. To begin with the line chart. It is clear that the number of visitors went abroad and came to UK showed upward trend . The amount of visitors went abroad and came to UK were similar with around 10 million in 1979 . After that , visitors went abroad increased dramatically to over 50 million while visitors came to UK rose gradually to almost 30 million during the period .In terms of the countries visited by British . France was the most popular country to visit ,accounted for about 12 million visitors in 1999, which was followed by Spain with about 9 million visitors . In contrast , Turkey was the least popular among UK visitors . Overall , visitors went abroad and came to UK both increased over 20 years , France was the most popular country and Turkey was the least country to visit . both increased most popular , least popular The percentage of overweight children in western society has increased by almost 20% in the last ten years. Discuss the causes and effects of this trend. discuss the causes and the effect of the children been overweight...
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...Health Status and Patterns of Ill Health P3: Describe current patterns of health and how they are monitored – Patterns of ill health in the UK are monitored through the use of statistics. The UK National Statistic organisation is responsible for producing these statistics in order to illustrate and identify patterns of ill health within the UK. Government statistical departments play a vital role in identifying and monitoring patterns of ill health in the UK, of which include: • The Department of Health • Health and Safety Executive • NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care Statistics can be collected from records such as birth certificates, the death register and hospital admissions records. Records can be used for further analysis in order to gain more specific information, for example the weight of a new-born baby, or the reason an individual was admitted into hospital. The government has made the use of having these records available a legal requirement so that the statistics may be available when they are required. Statistics can be collected through the use of surveys, i.e. the national census of which is held every 10 years in the UK by the government. The national census survey has been in place since 1801 and takes into account each individual within a household. It is able to provide an outline of the UK which enables us to compare geographical areas. However statistics are not always accurate for what they represent, as there will always be information...
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...Discuss consequences of and solutions to obesity (15) Obesity is the state of being overweight, where the accumulation of body fat has reached 20% of more over an individual’s ideal body weight, to the extent that it may have a negative effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems. One of the consequences of obesity is the reduced mobility. Larger size and body weight to carry around makes travel difficult and movement requires a lot more effort and energy than it would otherwise. The extra weight makes walking difficult, as when walking it is as if you are carrying your weight with you. This also happens because obesity can cause breathlessness or fatigue. This reduces a person’s quality of life as they cannot easily leave the home, to walk to the shops for groceries and other necessities, or to visit others, especially as increased size makes it difficult to take a car or public transport. Mobility scooters are a short-term solution to this, although they give the user no exercise and therefore encourage the condition to remain/continue. It is far more beneficial for an obese patient to seek exercise whenever they can, as this could solve the issue itself. Exercise programmes are accessible across the UK and US designed especially for the obese or overweight, many available through the NHS. The NHS exercise schemes promote easy exercise, such as walking and ‘home exercise’ (short cardio, sit ups, etc.). Other exercise programmes...
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...Health Status and Patterns of Ill Health P3: Describe current patterns of health and how they are monitored – Patterns of ill health in the UK are monitored through the use of statistics. The UK National Statistic organisation is responsible for producing these statistics in order to illustrate and identify patterns of ill health within the UK. Government statistical departments play a vital role in identifying and monitoring patterns of ill health in the UK, of which include: • The Department of Health • Health and Safety Executive • NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care Statistics can be collected from records such as birth certificates, the death register and hospital admissions records. Records can be used for further analysis in order to gain more specific information, for example the weight of a new-born baby, or the reason an individual was admitted into hospital. The government has made the use of having these records available a legal requirement so that the statistics may be available when they are required. Statistics can be collected through the use of surveys, i.e. the national census of which is held every 10 years in the UK by the government. The national census survey has been in place since 1801 and takes into account each individual within a household. It is able to provide an outline of the UK which enables us to compare geographical areas. However statistics are not always accurate for what they represent, as there will always be information...
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...OBESITY Obesity is a term used to describe somebody who is very overweight with a high degree of body fat. There are a number of ways a person’s weight can be assessed. The most widely used method is the body mass index. The body mass index (BMI) is your weight in kilograms divided by your height in metres squared. You can use the NHS Choices’ BMI healthy weight calculator to work out your own BMI. • if your BMI is between 25 and 29, you would be considered overweight • if your BMI is between 30 and 40, you would be considered obese • if your BMI is over 40, you would be considered very obese (known as ‘morbidly obese’) Another useful method is to measure around your waist. People with very fat waists (94cm or more in men and 80cm or more in women) are more likely to develop obesity-related health problems. The risks of obesity Being obese increases your risk of developing a number of serious and potentially life-threatening diseases such as: • type 2 diabetes • heart disease • some types of cancer, such as breast cancer and colon cancer stroke In addition, obesity can damage your quality of life and can often trigger depression. Read more about the complications of obesity. Treatment There are four main goals in the treatment of obesity: • to prevent further weight gain • to gradually lose weight through a combination of a calorie-controlled diet and regular exercise • to avoid regaining any lost weight • to improve your general state of health...
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...realizing that so there is a correlation between A and B (come on, a relationship between these two events ), but in principle, without any indication that either one of them, even in this case, we cause the other B. (Oakes, 2012) The study of the correlation between two variables is one of the issues in question in Statistics. To summarize a bit, the question would be something like the following: - From certain data from each of these variables one estimates if there is any relationship between them. The one most frequently studied is called linear regression (by which we seek if there is no linear relationship between the variables), but there are many more possible types: quadratic, exponential, logarithmic... - With these data a function (which, for example, is a straight linear regression) that determines us exactly what the relationship between these variables is calculated. - The actual correlation between them is studied (ie, how strong is the relationship that we calculated based on the initial data) by a correlation coefficient. This misinterpretation of the correlation is also found, and too often in supposedly serious scientific studies. There are few studies to find some relationship between two variables in the subjects thrown in the pool thus affirming that one causes the other, when in fact in these studies there is no evidence that this is true (simply no correlation)....
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...Running Head: Public Health Information Understanding Public Health Information [Name of Writer] [Name of Institute] Table of Contents Introduction 2 Health Indicators 2 Health facilities 2 Deprivation levels and Other Issues of Health 4 Strengths & Limitations of the Data Types & Sources 6 Health Needs of Dudley 7 References 10 Appendices 12 Understanding Public Health Information Introduction The continuous development of health facilities is one of the primary responsibilities of the administration of Dudley. The economic as well as psychological prosperity among the citizens of a country can be only availed by their satisfaction over the services of the government (James, 2009). Therefore, this report will analyze the significant health issues in Dudley in comparison to the national level. The core indicators of health issues among the citizens of Dudley on the basis of appropriate classifications will be analyzed in this report. The vast number of indicators will then be used to identify the appropriate strategy for the administrators of Dudley in order to maintain a trend of balanced health facilities and avoid further issues related to the health of citizens. Health Indicators Health facilities In order to analyze the performance of the health facilities, it is appropriate to analyze the health indicators of Dudley. The analysis of the performance in terms of health indicators such as life expectancy, deprivation...
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...the UK. After reading what I have to say you will hopefully realize that something must be done. In the last decade. The number of students who are obese or overweight has nearly doubled. This is a HUGE problem that can give some health issues like Diabetes 2, Heart diseases and much more, but overweight and obesity can also have negative effects on their education and social life, mainly because they lack energy and therefore lose focus. Health should not be a factor in receiving a higher education. About 31% of children between two and fifteen are overweight, and 34% of them are obese. They’re not only hurting themselves but if the numbers are correct and they have a lower chance of getting a higher education, they could be hurting our future. What can we do about the problem? There are of cause many ways to tackle this problem like, changing the food cutler sat the schools in the UK. We can also make some more activities and sports at the school, so the c children can get some inspiration to the different sports. We could do a third thing and it is to show the pupils how obesity an overweight can have a negative effect on their social life and be the reasons for other diseases. It will be expensive to change the food coulter, and make some activities, as football and lectures about obesity and how dangerous it can be. However, if we don’t do something about it, we will in some years have adults who can’t work because of some diseases caused mainly from obesity and...
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...Non-communicable diseases are said to be diseases of lifestyle, and obesity, a disease in which someone’s BMI is 30 or over is now a very common, yet preventable, disease with many impacts. 67% of people in the UK have weight issues, with 1 in 4 being obese and an extra 40% being overweight; it has even been suggested that it has ‘pandemic proportions’ due to its global reach – in 2008, 10% of the world was said to be obese. The WHO claim obesities recent rise has been due to two factors: ‘an increased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in fat; and an increase in physical inactivity due to the increasingly sedentary nature of many forms of work, changing modes of transportation, and increasing urbanisation’. The main issue with the former is that the energy-dense, high in fat foods are cheap. This means they’re affordable for people who lack money for more nutritious food and so globally there has been a massive increase in the purchasing of high fat foods – especially in the areas where expensive, healthier food isn’t available. But just what are the impacts of such a large scale problem? Three main issues have arisen from obesity, these being: social, political, and economical – all of which link but also differ in their affects. The health implications of having a raised BMI are very severe; high blood pressure and high cholesterol are just two of many possible communicable diseases that are a result of obesity. Life expectancy can be reduced to up to 9 years and cardiovascular...
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...Obesity is an epidemic occurring predominantly in the western world. Obesity is an epidemic occurring predominantly in the western world. The phenomenon is closely associated with changing lifestyles and the consumption of fast food and soft drinks. However, the fast-food companies and the Coca Cola company are major contributors to obesity research. Discuss the different ethical positions that various stakeholders are taking in the use of corporate funds for research into obesity This report will first discuss the major stakeholder fast food and Soft Drink Corporation ethical positions in making decision in funding researcher into obesity, Business main motive is to earn profit, most of the businesses are mainly profit motivated, they only care about the income they can earn to sustain and grow, company follow ethical learning and growth, it cares only about itself. Soft drink and fast food has the same motivation of earning profit for which they produces the product that are on major demands or create the demand by making advertisement and other promotional activities to attract people towards their product. To have a successful business support of all stakeholders are required. Funding research for the research is one of the strategies of company to support that. Funding helps in building image in public, which help in generating goodwill for the company at the same time it helps the researcher. A Typology of Stakeholder Attributes: Legitimacy, Power, Urgency ...
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