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Konflik agama di Afrika Tengah 'tewaskan 75' * 4 Februari 2014

Bentrokan sektarian di kota Boda, Republik Afrika Tengah, sejak Selasa telah menewaskan 75 orang, kata seorang Imam Katolik setempat.
Paderi Cassien Kamatari mengatakan bantuan diperlukan untuk menghentikan kekerasan antara Muslim dan Kristen.
Mayoritas korban tewas adalah umat Nasrani, kata Paderi Kamatari. Ia tidak mengetahui berapa banyak korban tewas yang beragama Islam karena mereka langsung dimakamkan.
Ada laporan mengenai serangan balasan sejak banyak pejuang Muslim mundur dari ibukota Bangui bulan lalu.
Mereka melakukan hal itu menyusul pengunduran diri Presiden Interim Michel Djotodia.
Koresponden mengatakan meski situasi keamanan di Bangui meningkat sejak kedatangan pasukan penjaga perdamaian, kekerasan di utara dan barat negara itu terus terjadi.

'Mengerikan'
"Daripada hanya memikirkan Bangui saja, orang harus memikirkan apa yang terjadi di pedesaan karena apa yang kami alami di sini mengerikan," kata Paderi Kamatari.
Ia mengatakan kekerasan dimulai ketika Muslim bersenjata membangun barikade di jalan masuk dan keluar kota, sekitar 100 km di barat Bangui dan mulai menyerang pemeluk agama Kristen.
"Sedikitnya 60 orang tewas dan banyak orang lainnya terluka, 15 orang lainnya meninggal karena luka-luka yang mereka alami," kata dia.
Paderi Kamatari mengatakan ia meminta bantuan pasukan Prancis dan Uni Afrika, tapi tidak mendapat respon.
Parokinya kini menampung 1.500 orang yang berusaha menyelamatkan diri dari kekerasan.
Prancis yang dulu menjajah negara itu, mengirim 1.600 tentara dan bekerja sama dengan 4.000 orang tentara dari negara-negara Afrika.
Namun PBB bulan lalu mengatakan perlu sedikitnya 10.000 orang tentara untuk mengakhiri kekerasan tersebut.

Sumber : http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2014/02/140204_afrika_sektarian

ANALISA KASUS
Konflik yang terjadi di Afrika Tengah ini sudah berlangsung mulai dari pertengahan tahun 2013. Hal ini bermula ketika Pemberontak Islam Seleka merebut kekuasaan di salah satu negara termiskin di Afrika tengah yaitu Bangui. Pemimpin mereka yaitu Michael Djotodia menjadi pemimpin mulsim pertama di Afrika Tengah namun kekuasaanya tidak berlangsung lama. Dikarenakan ia menjadi pemimpin dari kaum yang minoritas menciptakan gesekan di antara masyarakat yang akhirnya menjadi konflik yang bersumberkan pada konflik agama. Konflik agama yang teus memanas memaksa ia lengser dengan sendirinya. Keadaan ini diperparah dengan saat Pasukan Anti – Balaka Non Muslim dibentuk. Walau pergantian kepemimpinan telah terjadi, koflik masih terus terjadi bahkan semakin parah. Orang – orang muslim pun mulai melarikan diri ke negara tetangga untuk menghindari konflik ini seperti Chad, yang mayoritas penduduknya muslim.
Konflik di Republik Afrika Tengah menewaskan mantan menteri bernama Joseph Kalite. Tewasnya Kalite terjadi beberapa hari setelah Afrika Tengah mengangkat Catherine Samba-Panza sebagai Presiden sementara.Kalite tewas bersama sembilan warga lainnya. Kalite tewas dalam serangan yang diduga dilakukan oleh milisi Anti-Balaka.Serangan terjadi di wilayah Miskine. Tidak hanya menyerang warga, Anti-Balaka juga menjarah toko-toko di Miskine.Kalite sendiri diserang saat dia keluar dari taksi. Untuk mencegah serangan selanjutnya, anggota keluarga Kalite memilih bersembunyi di tempat lebih aman.Jenazah Kalite dibawa ke rumah sakit terdekat sebelum sempat disemayamkan Masjid Ali Babolo.Kondisi negara bekas jajahan Prancis ini semakin tidak kondusif. Dari data Penjaga Perdamaian Uni Afrika lebih 2.000 warga Afrika Tengah telah meregang nyawa akibat konflik agama yang tak kunjung usai. Dikarenakan konflik yang berkepanjangan ini akhirnya membuat dunia internasional menentukan sikap. Dibawah PBB, mereka mengirimkan 1600 pasukan perdamaian dan 6000 pasukan perdamaian Afrika yang dikenal sebagai MISCA. Tetapi hal ini tidak menyurutkan konflik yang terjadi di Afrika Tengah ini. Milisi Anti – Balaka semakin menjadi jadi. Mereka semakin menargetkan wilayah wilayah yang mayoritas penduduknya Muslim seperti Bouali, Boyali, dan Baora. Mereka menguasai wilayah tersebut lalu mengusir penduduknya yang muslim bahkan membunuhnya. Hal ini yang terjadi di Afrika Tengah ini dapat berujung menjadi Genosida.
Kasus ini menggambarkan bahwa konflik ini bermula dari konflik antara kaum mayoritas yang tidak senang dengan kaum minoritas. Apalagi ketika konflik minortas tersebut berhasil meebut kekuasaan di sebuah wilayah. Hal ini mendorong kaum mayoritas untuk mengambil tindakan bahkan tindakan yang tergolong ekstrim. Mereka mampu membunuh kelompok lain hanya untuk mempertahankan kekuasaan mereka atas suatu wilayah tertentu. Hal ini juga mungkin terjadi bukan karena agama tersebut namun melainkan kesenjangan social dinegara negara Afrika Tengah yang mayoritas adalah negara miskin bahkan terbelakang. Mungkin penduduk di negara negara tersebut tidak memiliki atau mendapatkan pendidikan yang cukup sehingga mereka masih berpikiran dangkal sehingga mereka melakukan hal hal yang terbilang ekstrim apalagi sampai melakukan hal yang berujung dengan genosida.

Teori Berkaitan Dengan Kasus
“Mengapa anda duduk di bawah pohon yang sudah layu ini, sedangkan ada banyak pohon yang tumbuh penuh dengan dedaunan dan banyak cabangnya?” Sang Buddha menjawab: “Naungan rasa persaudaraan lebih mulia daripada naungan rasa permusuhan.”
Begitu pula dengan Ajatasattu. Ketika Raja Ajatasattu, putra Bimbisara dari Magadha hendak menyerang Vajjis, negara tetangganya, ia meminta saran terlebih dahulu kepada Sang Buddha lewat pendeta Vassakara.
Kemudian Sang Buddha mengingatkannya untuk tidak mengobarkan peperangan, tidak mempergunakan kekerasan, melainkan sebaliknya menjalankan politik tanpa kekerasan yakni dengan menekankan untuk bermusyawarah dan mematuhi semua ketentuan perdamaian yang telah diberlakukan. (Maha Paninibbana Sutta).
Berusahalah untuk membangun dialog dengan berbagai kelompok agama yang berbeda. Perbedaan dalam konteks ini adalah cara Tuhan memberikan pesan kepada manusia. Berdialog dengan berbagai macam kelompok agama untuk membangun dunia yang lebih baik merupakan cara agama untuk menemukan pesan Tuhan mengenai bagaimana perdamaian di dunia ini harus diciptakan. (Buku Character Building: Agama hal. 64)

Solusi
“Na hi verena verani sammantidha kudacanam averena ca sammanti esa dhammo sanantano.” – Kebencian tak akan pernah berakhir apabila dibalas dengan kebencian. Tetapi, kebencian akan berakhir bila dibalas dengan tidak membenci. Inilah satu hukum abadi. (Dhammapada 5)
Solusi yang dapa dilakukan adalah dengan membuat kubu separatis tersebut meredakan aksi mereka dan mulai menghargai keberadaan kelompok atau orang lain yang tidak sama dengan dirinya. Mereka harus bisa menghargai dan hidup dengan kelompok lain serta melupakan masalah kekuasaan yang mereka permasalahkan. Dalam kasus ini maka harus dilakukan tindakan yang bisa menghasilkan perasaan jera agar tidak terjadi lagi hal hal seperti ini. Karena hal sudah menyerupai tindakan genosida terhadap suatu agama tertentu. Hal ini sudah tidak dapat ditolelir lagi. Setelah menyelesaikan masalah separatism ini maka juga harus diimbangi dengan pendidikan yang cukup bagi para peduduk di negara negara tersebut agar mereka memiliki tingkat pendidikan yang cukup agar mereka tidak berpikiran dangkal lagi sehingga tindakan tindakan seperti ini dapat di cegah di masa yang akan mendatang.

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