...Volkswagen Passat was designed in a way that it will stand out and do well in its competition with the Toyota Camry which were also be launched at the same time. Knowing that Camry is the best-selling car in the past 13 years, VW was challenged and thought that they should get out ahead of this launch and win consumers’ interest ahead of the Camry. Therefore, VW came up with their key objectives in achieving their sales goals – To get the consumers talking about the new and redesigned Volkswagen Passat, to exceed the key measures in Nielsen’s post-game study, and to get the consumers’ interest 7-months earlier before it will be on sale. VW came up with the big idea that “The Volkswagen Passat can help you lead a richer life.” One of the reasons for this idea was the fact that car users want something more and beyond normal transportation yet meets their budget, but it is more about the truth that these buyers want to have a car that can help them have a richer life by having the gratification of affording a car for themselves and their families from their hard work – giving them some sort of a status. They chose the 2011 Super Bowl to announce the new Volkswagen Passat and I think that was a very smart thing to do considering that it is the biggest stage in US which will correspond to an enormous number of audiences. They also made an advertisement entitled “The Force” which clearly used one of the product’s features – the keyless remote start. They involved in the story...
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...How important is the role of the editor within the editorial Commissioning process? 1. Introduction 1. Executive Summary This report discusses the importance of the role of the multi-skilled editor within the editorial commissioning process, whilst analysing what is involved within magazine feature commission. In order to achieve the main objective of gaining a practical feel as well as an analytical view to the tasks and processes involved in a magazine feature commissioning, this report acts as an accompaniment to a case study on ‘Intersection’ magazine, which illustrates and reflects on the role of the editor within the commissioning process. This task involved creating a commissioned feature for the new VW Passat CC, and provided a chance to learn leadership and motivational theories, which are needed for a coherent editorial vision. 2. Terms of Reference The methods of obtaining information for this report will be both primary and secondary research methods. Primary sources include the Intersection case study, focus groups and surveys, and secondary research includes research gathered from reports, textbooks, case studies, and the Internet. 2.0 Methodology This study aims to give an understanding into how an editor’s role within a magazine is of vast importance to the success feature commission. The purpose of this report is to illustrate through a case study and management and motivational theories as to how the role of the editor is...
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...Psychology Not to be confused with Phycology, Physiology, or 1 Etymology Psychiatry. Further information: Outline of psychology and Index The word psychology literally means, “study of the soul" of psychology articles (ψυχή psukhē, “breath, spirit, soul” and -λογία -logia, “study of” or “research”).[10] The Latin word psycholoPsychology is an academic and applied discipline that gia was first used by the Croatian humanist and Latinist involves the scientific study of mental functions and Marko Marulić in his book, Psichiologia de ratione anbehaviors.[1][2] Psychology has the immediate goal of imae humanae in the late 15th century or early 16th understanding individuals and groups by both establish- century.[11] The earliest known reference to the word ing general principles and researching specific cases,[3][4] psychology in English was by Steven Blankaart in 1694 and by many accounts it ultimately aims to benefit in The Physical Dictionary which refers to “Anatomy, society.[5][6] In this field, a professional practitioner or which treats the Body, and Psychology, which treats of researcher is called a psychologist and can be classified the Soul.”[12] as a social, behavioral, or cognitive scientist. Psychologists attempt to understand the role of mental functions in individual and social behavior, while also exploring the physiological and biological processes that underlie cognitive functions and behaviors. 2 History Psychologists explore concepts such as perception...
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...Altruism and Psychology Adam Barker PSY 490 Capstone Course in Psychology Dennis Plunkett, MC, CC July 29, 2013 Altruism and Psychology The random act of kindness that I completed this week was buying an old man a coffee in front of me at Starbucks. He ordered a Grande Pike with room. I heard the order and said “I’ll get that miss” and without even hesitating handed over my card to pay for the drink. The older man look at me with a cracked smile and confused kind of look before muttering the words “you didn’t have to do that young man, but thank you” I replied with a smile on my face “no problem Sir”. Now, let’s look at a definition of altruism: Altruism involves the unselfish concern for other people. It involves doing things simply out of a desire to help, not because you feel obligated to out of duty, loyalty, or religious reasons. (psychology.about.com) When reading the above statement I think that it is important to point out the key words “unselfish, not because you feel obligated to out of duty, loyalty, or religious reasons”. By reading this it is my interpretation that in order to be altruistic you have to do something and NOT gain anything by doing it. What do you think? Now let’s breakdown the various reasons I could have done this: 1. To ensure that I did my random act of kindness as assigned by the school 2. To get a good feeling and a sense of pleasure, knowing that I helped someone 3. To make sure that I got points on my card 4. To speed up the process...
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...Psychology Perspectives 5 main psychology approaches: * Behaviorist Perspective * Psychodynamic Perspective * Cognitive Psychology * Biological Psychology * Evolutionary Psychology Behaviorism – different from most other approaches because they view people (and animals) as controlled by their environment and specifically that we are the result of what we have learned from our environment. * Concerned with how environmental factors (stimuli) affect observable behavior (response)) 2 main processes learn from environment: * Classical conditioning * Operant conditioning Behaviorism- scientific study of observable behavior working on basis that behavior can reduced to learned S-R (Stimulus-Response) units. Classical conditioning- studied by Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov. Looking into natural reflexes and neutral stimuli he managed to conditioning dogs to salivate to the sound of a bell through repeated associated of the sound of the bell and food. * Principles of CC applied in many therapies include systematic desensitization for phobias and aversion therapy. Operant conditioning- B.F. Skinner investigated voluntary and involuntary behavior. Skinner felt that some behavior could be explained by the person’s motive. Therefore behavior occurs for a reason, 3 main behavior shaping techniques: * Positive reinforcement * Negative reinforcement * Punishment Psychodynamic Perspective Sigmund Freud- many expressions from our daily...
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...Psychology Today Find a TherapistTopicsGet HelpMagazineTestsExperts Carolyn C. Ross M.D., M.P.H. Carolyn C. Ross M.D., M.P.H. Real Healing The Healing Paradigm Everything I know about medicine, I learned from my patients. Posted Feb 12, 2011 SHARE TWEET EMAIL MORE Recently, I have been thinking about what it means to heal and how that's different from being cured. The definitions aren't that different apparently. Heal is defined as: To restore to health or soundness; cure. To set right; repair: To restore (a person) to spiritual wholeness. v.intr. To become whole and sound; return to health. Cure is defined as: Restoration of health; recovery from disease. A method or course of medical treatment used to restore health. An agent, such as a drug, that restores health; a remedy. To become whole and sound, to restore to health is, I believe, what we as health care providers strive for for our patients. What has often surprised me is how little becoming whole and sound looks like what I would have expected when I graduated from medical school or was new in practice. What I thought I was to do as a doctor was to cure disease. Sometimes, in my experience, disease can be cured, but the person is not returned to wholeness. Take for example a patient who has been diagnosed with cancer. Even in the event that they are cured of the cancer, their relationships with family or friends may remain sick, not whole. I would have done my job or what I thought...
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...personality is attracting to me as I think the knowledge of psychology can help interpret others’ behaviors and thoughts. Undoubtedly, the concept of personality is essential in the field of psychology together with our daily life. My cousins are twins, called Nicole and Mandy, and both of them are 15 years old. I would like to examine the biological, environment factors, lifestyles and social learning theory on personality through my own experiences. Even though they have a very similar appearance, their behaviors and temperaments are totally different. Every weekend, I will teach them mathematics. For example, once Nicole encountered some difficult questions, she lost her temper or even does not complete the rest of the questions. In contrast, Mandy was more patience while she got some problematic questions. She paid much more efforts to figure out how to finish the questions. Bouchard (1994) notes that in making one’s personality, is by the sound foundations in the emerging theory of nature and nurture, but a larger portion is still uncertain. Despite the fact that the heredity determines personality, especially Nicole and Mandy who have similar genes, it seems that they do not share the same personality traits. Nicole and Mandy’s illustration shows that genes are not the main factors for the formation of personality traits and how much personality traits are destined. During the lecture in psychology course, I learned that there are various factors affecting the...
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...The relationship between commitment and behavioral intention Osigweh (1989) defined commitment in a much too broad way, “both as an attitude and as behavior”. (Chimezie A. B. Osigweh, 1989). The commitment can be defined in different context such as organizational commitment, student’s commitment and marital commitment. Adams and Jones (1997) stated that there are three primary dimensions of marital commitment which are “constraining component that based on the emotional, fear of social, and financial costs results from the termination of marriage”, “moral normative component that based on the sense of responsibility and obligation to continue a marriage”, “attraction component that based on love and devotion”. (Adams & Jones, 1997). Meyer and Allen describe that there are three-dimensional of commitment which are continuance, affective, and normative commitment. (John P. Meyer, 1991). Rodrigues (2009) separate the continuance dimensions of commitment from the affective dimension of commitment because there is relevant empirical evidence that they display different relations with antecedents and consequents. For example, the affective dimension of committed worker present a positive relationship with performance but continuance dimensions of committed worker present negative relationship with performance. (Meyer, Paunonen, Gellatly, Goffin, & Jackson, 1989). Alba Couto Falcão Scheible and Antônio Virgílio Bittencourt Bastos had conducted an research on the influence...
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...Test 2 Notes (Ch. 5,6,7,10) Ch. 5 consciousness- an individuals awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal meta cognition- thinking about thinking. The 5 levels of consciousness: Higher-level- highly focused; selective attention Lower-level- automatic processes; little attention, daydreaming Altered States- trauma, drugs, fear, fatigue, meditation, prayer biorhythms- are periodic physiological fluctuations in the body. Circadian rhythms- daily behavioral or physiological cycles (exs: sleep/wake, body temp, blood sugar, and blood pressure). Why we need sleep: For physical restoration, adaptation, growth, and memory. What it does for us: Sleep rests the body and mind. The effects of chronic sleep deprivation: Have trouble paying attention to tasks and solving problems, decreases brain activity. The 5 stages of sleep: Stage 1: drowsy sleep; myoclanic jerk; (theta waves) Stage 2: Muscle activity decreases Stage 3 & 4: delta waves; deep sleep Stage 5: (REM) dreaming occurs (Rapid Eye Movement) Major sleep disorders: insomnia- inability to sleep Nightmares- occur during REM Night Terrors- occur in kids, during stage 4 Narcolepsy- sudden urge to sleep Sleep Apnea- stop breathing during sleep Psychoactive drugs- act on the nervous system to alter states of consciousness, modify perceptions and change moods. Tolerance- the need to take increasing amounts of a drug to get the same effect physical dependence- the physiological...
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...Behaviour and Society Assignment 1 – Case Study - Chrissy Psychological constructs have been defined by Cronbach and Meehl, (1955) as anything related functionally to experiences behaviours and attitudes. Furthermore constructs are not what can be measured or seen but a manifestation of what has been agreed upon to name and identify those functions in one’s own mind. In the case study of Chrissy, a 25-year-old lawyer, various negative constructs are highlighted. These include risk behaviour as Chrissy has been a moderate smoker for the last 10 years, Chrissy’s associated risk perception, decreased motivation to exercise choosing to carpool than ride her bike and her low level of compliance to her asthma treatment plan. Risk behaviour is defined as an action that is associated with a loss, leading to negative outcomes (Van der Pligt, 1996, p. 34). Such factors as gender, age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and personality can influence behaviour. Also a persons beliefs and attitudes can guide them to certain behavioural types. (Morrison & Bennett, 2009, p. 123). Usually people perceive their susceptibility risk of their behaviour on a comparison of their own risk to others, this usually equates to that perception of risk as being quite low (Vollrath et al, 1999). As with smokers, such as Chrissy, who states she is a moderate smoker, there will always be someone else who smokes more cigarettes and consequently shows no signs of illness, therefore there is a perception...
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...65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Incident dementia was diagnosed in 255 subjects, with onset defined as age when subject met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, criteria for dementia. Cox proportional hazards regression tested the effect of time-dependent exposure to dementia in one’s spouse, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: A subject whose spouse experienced incident dementia onset had a six times greater risk for incident dementia as subjects whose spouses were dementia free (hazard rate ratio (HRR) 5 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5 2.2–16.2, Po.001). In sex-specific analyses, husbands had higher risks From the aDepartment of Family, Consumer, and Human Development; b Department of Psychology; cCenter for Epidemiologic Studies; dDepartment of Family and Consumer Studies; eHuntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah; fDepartment of Community and Family Medicine; g Joseph and Kathleen Bryan Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham,...
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...STUDYING STATISTICS Monique Bijker, Gabriëlle Wynants, Hans van Buuren Open Universiteit Nederland, the Netherlands mmbijker@planet.nl This study focuses on the differential effects of motivations and attitudes on Critical Thinking and Self-Regulation. Two different samples of Psychology students of Open Universiteit Nederland have been studied. The first sample is composed of students, confronted with an integrated, research-based teaching and learning design; the second sample is composed of students, exposed to classic service courses in statistics and research methods. Results reveal that motivations significantly affect Critical Thinking and Self-Regulation and that motivations and attitudes affect learning processes and achievement in their own characteristic way. Moreover the crucial role of an integrated teaching and learning design as a significant contributor to optimal motivations, more favourable attitudes and more adequate learning strategies for studying statistics and research methods has been endorsed. BACKGROUND Most studies concerning statistics (service) courses in the social sciences focus on attitudes and achievement. However, in the domain of educational psychology particularly motivations are regarded as crucial contributors to the learning process (Pintrich and Schunk, 2002). In the domain of statistics education studies generally focus on attitudes, based on empirically proven relations with achievement, disregarding or neglecting motives...
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...Health & Clinical Psychology Healthy Living Stress Dysfunctional Behaviour Disorders [pic] [pic] [pic] Contents • Objectives for the Health and Clinical Psychology module 6 • What is Health Psychology? Careers in Health Psychology 7 • Unit G543: Health and Clinical Psychology 8 • Exemplar exam paper 9 PART A – INFORMATION TO HELP EVALUATE STUDIES • Evaluation sheet for the theories/studies of Health Psychology 10 • Guide for answering part A & part B exam questions 11 PART B – HEALTHY LIVING • Introduction to Healthy Living 14 • Theories of Health Belief 17 • Compliance with a Medical Regime for Asthma (Becker 1978) 18 • Internal versus External Locus of Control (Rotter 1966) 21 • Analysis of Self-Efficacy Theory of Behavioural Change (Bandura and Adams 1977) 23 • Summary of the health belief theories 26 • Comprehension questions for theories of health belief 27 • Part A exam question 28 • Part B exam question 29 • Evaluation sheet of health belief theories/studies 30 Introduction to Health Promotion 31 • Theories of Health Promotion • Chip pan fire prevention (Cowpe 1983) 32 • Legislation-Bicycle helmet laws and educational campaigns (Dannenberg et al. 1993) 34 • Effects of Fear arousal (Janis & Feshbeck 1953) 37 • Summary of the health...
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...A PASTORAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF AN INFERIORITY COMPLEX FOR WORKERS IN THE KOREAN CONTEXT BY EUN-MI, HAN THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN THEOLOGY (PRACTICAL THEOLOGY) STUDY-LEADER: PROF. JOHAN J VAN RENSBURG UNIVERSITY OF THE FREE STATE FACULTY OF THEOLOGY DECEMBER 2011 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 4 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 2. Research Problem...................................................................................................................... 5 3. Research Hypothesis ................................................................................................................ 8 4. Research Objectives................................................................................................................11 5. Research Methodology .........................................................................................................13 5.1 The General Psychological Approach ...................................................................13 5.2 The Biblical Principle Approach...............................................................................14 5.3 The Systematic Theology Approach ......................................................................14 5.4 The Pastoral Approach ........................................................................
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...“Behaviorists explain maladaptive behaviour in terms of the learning principles that sustain and maintain it. Discuss this statement and show how a behaviourist’s approach to therapy is in stark contrast to a psychoanalytic one”. I will begin my essay by describing the development of behaviourism. This will show how its roots are completely different from those of psychoanalysis. It will also reveal something of the methodology of behaviourism and the principles behind it. This will provide the ground for developing a fuller description of maladaptive behaviour and those elements that 'maintain and sustain' it. I will conclude by contrasting the positions of the Behaviourist and the Analytical Psychologist underlining the ethical issues involved. The first striking contrast between psychoanalysis and behaviourism lies in the fact that the former was developed in Europe in order to meet the therapeutic needs of patients while the latter grew out of the Progressive Movement (P.M.1880-1920) in the United States. This movement arose from three main sources: 1.The industrial revolution. 2. Scientific Rationalism. 3. Liberal political philosophy. The P.M. wanted scientific thinking that had created a new society so swiftly, to be brought to bear on every aspect of life. 'Progressives transformed, professionalized and made "scientific" the social sciences, especially history, economics, and political science’. (Wikipedia) According to the P.M. The...
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