...Is CEO Power Bad? E. Han Kim and Yao Lu1 Abstract Recent evidence suggests that CEO power reduces shareholder value and the efficacy of incentive pay systems. To better understand how the power affects firm governance and performance, we decompose CEO power into three dimensions--structural, ability based, and ownership related. While structural power is indeed harmful--it is associated with higher managerial entrenchment, lower pay for performance sensitivity (PPS), and weaker firm performance--its impact on firm performance is benign when CEO power is restrained by strong external governance mechanisms. Concentration of ability based power in CEO appears to enhance firm performance, but only when external governance is strong. CEO share ownership (as independent variable) shows a U-shaped relation with entrenchment, and -shaped relations with PPS and performance. These results imply that ownership power arising at a high level of share ownership negates the beneficial effects of aligning CEO-shareholder interests through cash flow rights. November 10, 2008 JEL classification: G30, G34, J 33, L25, M52,G32, Keywords: CEO power, managerial entrenchment, Pay for Performance Sensitivity, Firm performance, Share ownership, CEO Centrality 1 Both are at Ross School of Business, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. Email: ehkim@umich.edu and yaolu@umich.edu. We have benefitted from helpful comments and suggestions from Sugato Bhattacharyya, Amy Dittmar, Luo...
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...distribution can be considered one of the key responsibilities of government due to the potential effects it can have on the nations population, economy and growth. It is commonly debated about the ‘fairness’ of income distribution and what can be done to increase equality amongst all classes of society. This report will argue that the current distribution of income in Australia is not ‘fair’, and that the gap between the top and bottom level income groups can, and should be reduced. It will provide a detailed synopsis on what income distribution is, and the level of income inequality in Australia, with methods to increase equality in distribution of income detailed throughout the report. Income distribution is “national income divided...
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...Wal-Mart’s Compensation and Benefits Challenges Written by Alanna Warren April 22, 2007 HRM-430 Table of Contents Overview of Wal-Mart 3 Background 3 Retail Divisions 3 Awards and Recognitions 4 Challenges and Problems 5 Pay Gap 5 Health Benefits 6 Problems and Affects 8 High turnover rate 8 Lawsuits 8 Solutions 9 Lowes 9 Wendy’s 9 Recommended Strategy 10 Impediments 11 Impact on Wal-Mart and employees 11 Conclusion 11 Works cited 13 Overview of Wal-Mart Background Wal-Mart is currently the world’s largest retailer and largest corporation. Sam Walton founded the company in 1962 with the opening of the first store in Rogers, Arkansas (Time Line, 2007). Wal-Mart stores provide a variety of services and products for consumers. You can find anything and everything you need from a Wal-Mart store for your house. Today you can even get groceries from Wal-Mart Supercenters. It is like a one-stop shop for all the daily essentials. This makes it easier for consumers to get everything they need without having to go to more than one store. In 1969 the company became Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Time Line, 2007). Perhaps the most important year for Wal-Mart Stores, Inc was in 1970 because it was the first year their company stock was traded (Time Line, 2007). Another important turning point for them was in 1972 when they were added to list of companies on the New York...
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...Gap Analysis: Global Communications Katrina L. Bailey MBA 500/Foundations of Problem-Based Learning John Craddock October 22, 2007 Gap Analysis: Global Communications Introduction Significant changes and declining confidence from Wall Street has placed the telecommunications industry under extreme economic pressure. As a result, Global Communications has found itself in a “sink or swim” situation. They must regain consumer confidence by becoming more relevant and technologically advanced, while increasing stock values and market position, or risk becoming obsolete. In order to determine the future direction of the company, a Gap Analysis has been performed which will identify the issues and opportunities that have arisen as a result of the current crisis, the ethical dilemmas that stakeholders are confronted with, and where the company sees itself in the future. Situation Analysis Issue and Opportunity Identification [Triple click anywhere in this sentence to begin typing.] Table 2 Stakeholder Perspectives |Stakeholder Perspectives | | | | |Stakeholder Groups |The Interests, Rights, and | | ...
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...Table Of Articles |Executive Pay Cuts | |Newspaper |Date |Article Number | |The Age |23 July 2009 |A1 | |The Age |10 August 2009 |A2 | |The Australian Financial Review |26 August 2009 |A3 | |The Age |26 August 2009 |A4 | |The Australian Financial Review |2 September 2009 |A5 | |The Australian Financial Review |8 September 2009 |A6 | |The Australian Financial Review |8 September 2009 |A7 | |The Australian Financial Review |8 September 2009 |A8 | |The Australian |9 September 2009 |A9 | |The Australian |9 September 2009 |A10 | |The Australian ...
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...inequality means that the income is distributed in an uneven manner among a population. It generally refers to a society which the income gap between individuals or groups and also the international wealth gap. The percentage of income to a population is often presented by income inequality. It’s also considered as the gap between the rich and others and has been obviously growing for recently years. There have measures for income inequality. It’s important to view this data sets and measures as it can show the differences of a country, especially the advantages and disadvantages. Income inequality should have a clearer data or picture to explain the differences and can be also obtained by using those measures. The “Gini Coefficient” can measure income inequality. Gini Coefficient is the way to measure the distribution of nation residents’ income. Corrado Gini (Italian statistician and sociologist) is the person who developed and published it. The among values of distribution will be measured by Gini coefficient such as income levels. If everyone has the same income, it will be shown as Zero (perfect equality) in the Gini coefficient. Conversely, if Gini coefficient shows one mean that only got one person have the income, as know as perfect inequality. In the United States, there has been growing obviously for income inequality and the gap between rich and others. According to the report of Gini coefficient, united States have the high income inequality and continuously growing...
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...Journal of Business Ethics (2009) 85:147–156 DOI 10.1007/s10551-008-9934-6 Ó Springer 2008 What’s Wrong with Executive Compensation? Jared D. Harris ABSTRACT. I broadly explore the question by examining several common criticisms of CEO pay through both philosophical and empirical lenses. While some criticisms appear to be unfounded, the analysis shows not only that current compensation practices are problematic both from the standpoint of distributive justice and fairness, but also that incentive pay ultimately exacerbates the very agency problem it is purported to solve. KEY WORDS: executive compensation, distributive justice, pay disparity, incentive alignment Introduction Few academic theories have been adopted as widely as the application of agency theory (Jensen and Meckling, 1976) to the structure of executive pay in modern corporations. After prominent suggestions that the inherent conflict of interest that exists between stockholders and corporate managers – or ‘agency problem’ – could be mitigated through the structure of managerial incentives (e.g., Jensen and Murphy, 1990a), the prevalence and size of stock option grants to senior executives have expanded increasingly and substantially (Hall and Murphy, Jared D. Harris, Assistant Professor teaches both Ethics and Strategy courses in Darden’s MBA program, and a doctoral seminar on corporate governance and ethics. His research centers on the interplay between ethics and strategy, with a particular focus...
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...In this paper, I will evaluate the inequality of the New Deal and Trickle Down theory and effects.. The massive economic gap between the rich and poor has grown overtime in the US. This is due to President Reagan's economic policy in the 1980s, it was known as Reaganomics. Or sometimes called the trickle down economics. An economic theory that provide benefits such as tax cuts on businesses, high-income earners, capital gains, and dividends for the wealthy. This led Multi-national corporations, Wall Street bankers, and the wealthy aristocrat gaining an enormous increase of wealth, while many Americans have experienced stagnant wages. President Lyndon Johnson has once said about trickle down effect, "Republicans [...] simply don't know...
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...Compensation Controversy Objectives: At the completion of this assignment, you will be able to: 1. Deliver a clear and concise argument for or against the widening gap between the compensation received by chief executives and the average employee. Instructions: Review the following videos: 1. interview with Professor Roger Martin (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nU26MKtN6mo) 2. Interview with Irving Becker (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZJnxVCmMH2Q) Additionally, review 2 recent articles on the current state of executive compensation. Draft a 500-word paper summarizing the 2 videos and 2 articles and discuss YOUR thoughts and opinions on the controversy surrounding executive compensation. That is, is it too high, too low, just right, do we have proper controls, etc. Finally, how do you think Say on Pay will impact executive compensation over the long term? Deliverables: To earn full credit, you will need to post the following in the assignment drop box. 1. Attach your paper in word or pdf format to the assignment dropbox prior to the due date. ------------------------------------------------- http://philanthropy.com/article/Executive-Pay-Increased-by/134476 http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/e/executive_pay/index.html / Over the past three decades, executive pay has risen dramatically relative to that of an average worker's wage in the United States and to a lesser extent in some other countries. Observers differ as to whether...
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...Chujun(Vera) Wang Individual Assignment 2 Submitted on: Sunday, 02,09,2014 Submitted by: Chujun Wang Assignment: Write a one-page paper using the standard assignment template provided in NYU Classes that summarizes the article’s content and whether or not you agree with the statement that chief information officers (CIOs) should report directly to chief executive officers (CEOs). Cite Sources Used – Use of APA format is mandatory. For more information on APA format, see http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/02/ or http://library.williams.edu/citing/styles/apa.php. For more information about plagiarism, consult http://nyu.libguides.com/plagiarismSCPS or www.plagiarism.org. Please provide citations within the text, along with a list of references used. “This is a great time to be a CIO. We sit at the center of it all.” – IBM CIO Leadership Forum Participant CIOs are underestimated From the Sony case and some researches we could find that globally, a minority of CIOs (38 percent) reports directly to their CEO today. IT can be a really tough gig for making a valiant attempt to demonstrate business credibility by providing solutions that can have significant business impact, regardless of industry and regardless of vertical. It can. However, IT departments are constantly seen as “service providers” to the organization. CEOs that sit at the top of the organizational pyramid are slowly killing their CIOs by locking the CIOs out of strategy sessions. Why...
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...assess risks and then seek creative ways to reduce risk exposure. Day, a consultant to many Fortune 500 companies, says his research is the outgrowth of years of thinking about the problems that companies face in trying to set and achieve growth targets. Growth — particularly “organic” growth that comes from improving a company’s performance from within rather than relying on acquisitions — is so important that it is at the top of the agendas of some 80% of U.S. chief executive officers, according to Day. “These executives know that the expectation of superior organic growth is the most important driver of enterprise value in capital markets,” Day writes in the paper, titled “Closing the Growth Gap: Balancing BIG I and small iInnovation.” It is also a less expensive way to grow because a firm typically pays a premium to acquire another business. Yet studies have shown that only 29% of managers of major corporations are highly confident they can reach their organic growth targets. A combination of factors can make organic growth hard to sustain. For one thing,...
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...Compensation Gap and the Higher Education Connection Judith E. Grey-Bowen, Miami-Dade County Public Schools Donovan A. McFarlane, The Donovan Society LLC and Frederick Taylor University Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the gender gap and the potential factors that contribute to income inequality. Since the passing of the equal pay act, the median weekly earnings of women is still just seventy eight cents on each dollar that men earn (Center for American Progress, 2010). To put this in context, the pay gap in 1970 was sixty two cents and in 1992 it was seventy five cents (Institute for Women’s Research, 1993). Undervaluation of women’s work, occupational gender segregation, and discriminatory treatment in the workplace continue to hamper efforts to reduce the gender pay gap. A pay check is women’s and men’s most important source of income. Therefore, it is surprising, discriminatory and unfair to know that after both genders have worked satisfactorily on the same job; they do not receive the same pay. The gender pay gap is the best way to measure pay inequality between men and women. The authors discuss Gender Compensation Discrimination and examine the historical trends in pay difference, the various causes and the methods and paths considered for closing the Gender Compensation Gap. Key words: Gender Compensation Discrimination, Gender Compensation Gap, Equality, Rights and Privileges, Sex Segregation, Gender Pay Gap, Wage Gap, Discrimination, Equal Pay Act, Occupational...
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...workforce. Human resource practices and policies may be influenced by the overall mindset of a company. The barriers that prevent women from achieving management and executive positions are the same barriers that prevent human resource policies and practices’ from being applied. The gaps in gender equality and wages, created by the barriers, can be discouraging to women from achieving high-level positions. Overcoming the barriers is a task in undoing the mindset that has been instilled deeply within society. Introduction Studies have shown that companies who promote female gender equality surpass their competitors on every measure of profitability, yet women are failing to attain high-level positions. Possible reasons for the persistent wage and gender gap between men and women in senior leadership positions can be found by reviewing current data on women in the workplace, studies on the correlation between gender diversity in senior management and company performance, and literature on gender behavioral differences in the workplace. Women play an increasingly significant role in today’s workforce. “Women make up almost 73 percent of the healthcare workforce, yet there still remains a significant gender gap in management and executive leadership positions” (Lantz, 2008). Even though women’s educational attainment and workforce ranks have increased, their advancements into the higher management ranks is plateauing. The four categories of barriers that prevent women...
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...Case Report on Executive Compensation In the modern society, chief executive officer has become the most important part to many companies especially to the publicly listed corporations. They generally make a significant contribution to the profitability of their firm. However, in some case the managers’ interests conflict with their companies’, and thus their decisions may probably do not maximize their companies’ value. Therefore, it is a problem that how shareholders ensure that top executives want to maximize their wealth. This paper explores the principle for compensation, makes an attempt to design a new compensation package to the chief executive officer of Nike, Inc., and finally compare the different between the existing pay package and the new one. I. Introduction Nike, which originally named as Blue Ribbon Sports, is the largest manufacturer of the athletic footwear and apparel in the world, and one of the Fortune 500 companies. Figure1 shows that Nike is the leader of the global athletic footwear market, with around 31% market share in 2007. Creating by Bill Bowerman and Philip Knight in 1962, its early products are footwear, but now it has a wide range of product line. Today Nike is engaged in design, development and marketing of footwear, apparel and equipment, including shoes, sock, gloves, bags, and sports balls and so on. Many of its products are design for specific athletic such as football, basketball, running and even walking. According to figure2,...
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...managers and the company president. Executive compensation mostly consists of base salary, bonuses, long-term incentives benefits, and prerequisites whose main purpose is to motivate the executives to steer the company to profitability and make decisions with the best interest of the organization. Executive compensation has been on an upward rise especially within the last few decades reaching to unprecedented levels. Worse still, executive employees’ salaries and benefits have increased at a significantly higher rate as compared to other employee’s compensation consequently raising controversy not only of the ethical issues but on issues of equity and efficacy of the high compensation in motivating the executive’s performance. The paper thus posits that the increased executive salaries are not only unethical but are not a reflection of executive performance nor are they correlated to executives performance and as such other options of motivating executive employees should be explored. Other employee motivations such as through psychological contract, organization motivation and employee development should be sought especially with the increased use of teams in management in volatile environment. Types of executive compensation Executive compensation consists of the base salary, bonuses, and long-term-incentives such as...
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