...TITLE OF THE ESSAY : Child Labour : The Abuse of Girl Child * Siddharth Sharma (2ND YEAR B.A.LLB STUDENT AT NLIU, BHOPAL) TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2. WHY A GIRL CHILD GETS MORE VICTIMIZED? 3. SEXUAL ABUSE AND CHILD LABOUR? 4. DO WE HAVE A SOLUTION? INTRODUCTION “Born to parents who themselves were uneducated child workers, many child worker are forced to continue a tradition that leaves them chained to a life of poverty” Child labour violates a nation’s minimum age laws, threatens children’s physical, mental, or emotional well-being, involves intolerable abuse, such as child slavery, child trafficking, debt bondage, forced labor, or illicit activities, prevents children from going to school and above all, uses children to undermine labor standards. In this regard The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act was enacted in 1986. The constitution of India also recognizes the right of children and safeguards their right to survival, protection and development. Article 14 of the constitution bestows right to equality. Article 15(3) empowers state to make special provision in favour of children. Article 23 prohibits traffic in human being. Article 14 prohibits employment of children below 14 years in any factory or mine or hazardous occupation. Article 39 prohibits abuse and exploitation. Article 45 provides compulsory education up to 14 years. India has recently finally left the company of seven other countries that still legally permit...
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...Introduction Child sexual abuse falls under child abuse which includes any sexual activity with minor. A minor cannot give consent to any kind of sexual activity. Child sexual abuses don’t include only physical only physical contact between the perpetrator and the minor. Some sort of child sexual abuse are : - Exposing oneself to the minor. - Fondling - Intercourse of any kind with minor, including vaginal, anal, or oral. - Masturbating in front of the minor or forcing them to do so. - Obscene phone calls, messages or digital interactions. - Producing or sharing any pornographic images or movies. - Sex trafficking - Any other sexual activity which may affect child's psychological, emotional, or physical well being It is the fact that millions of minors worldwide are being sexually abused either within the house or anywhere outside. The perpetrator can be anyone who takes advantage of the child to satisfy sexual pleasure. A perpetrator does not need to be an adult to harm any child. The can be related to the child including an elder sibling or playfellow, any family member, a teacher, a coach or an instructor, a care taker, or the parent of another child....
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...Altuism in Society Campaign and Presentation- Child Abuse Christina Perdue, Christina Shappard, Tabitha Lansing PSY/400 March 19, 2013 Dr. Monica Gauna Nature and History of Child Abuse Lloyd DeMause (1998) calls child abuse “humanity’s most powerful and most successful ritual.” Collections of historical records show that child abuse has been prevalent throughout all of documented history. Ancient rituals of the Bimin-Kuskusmin of New Guinea included the regular practice of infanticidal and incestuous activities. These activities included intercourse with caregivers and other sexual activities. These practices were also performed in India and other western countries. In India, the mother is expected to regularly masturbate both her male and female children. For the girls this is done to make them sleep and for the boys this is done to make them manly. Indian female children were often lent to male members of the family for sexual intercourse. It was rare for a female to reach puberty as a virgin. Indian families push for early marriage to help protect their daughters from being raped by outsiders. China also had similar practices to those in India, rape being very common (DeMause, 1998). Recent studies in America alone show that 30 percent of men and 40 percent of women remember having been sexually assaulted as a child. Of these assaults, 80 percent were done by a caretaker. These statistics were reported based on interviews, explanations, and reliability...
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...Status of children in India India has the largest number of children in the world. More than one-third of the country's population is below 18 years. Millions of children in India grow up uncared for, condemned to miserable conditions. They live in abject poverty without any sort of medical treatment, education or food. The status of children in India is very alarming. India has made some significant commitments towards ensuring the basic rights of children. There has been progress in overall indicators: infant mortality rates are down, child survival is up, literacy rates have improved and school dropout rates have fallen. But the issue of child rights in India is still caught between legal and policy commitments to children on the one hand, and the fallout of the process of globalisation on the other. Over the last decade, countries across the world have been changing their existing economic models in favour of one driven by the free market, incorporating processes of liberalisation, privatisation and globalisation. The direct impact of free trade on children may not leap to the eye, but we do know that globalised India is witnessing worsening levels of basic health, nutrition and shelter. Children are suffering as a result of social sector cutbacks/policies and programmes and development initiatives that deprive communities and families of access to and control over land, forest and water resources they have traditionally depended on. The negative fallout is visible: children...
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...Child abuse is a state of emotional, physical, economic and sexual maltreatment meted out to a person below the age of eighteen and is a globally prevalent phenomenon. It has serious physical and psycho-social consequences which adversely affect the health and over-all well-being of a child. It may include physical or mental ill-treatment, sexual abuse, malnutrition and many others which are responsible for hindrance of a healthy growing body of a child. Children who are normally born in poor families areoften subjected to work at shorter ages and are usually underpaid and harassed both mentally and physically. Child abuse is a violation of the basic human rights of a child and is an outcome of a set of inter-related, social, psychological and economic factors. While certain child abuse and neglected issues are common in almost all countries at the global level such as physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional and psychological abuse, problems of street children, there are also many issues which are prevalent only in certain regions of the world.For instance, in Asia where population density is high, the issues of child labor and child sexual exploitation are also high. The largest population of children in the world live in South Asia and majority of these children lack access to proper health care, nutrition and education. This reflects the socio-economic reality of the developing countries of the Asian region. The main...
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...find out the various abuse and exploitation in five key areas of human rights abuse. Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other kind of exploitation, resulting potential harm to the children’s health, survival and development in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power; 40 million children below the age of 15 suffer from abuse and neglect. Gang violence-100 percent of cities with populations greater than or equal to 250,000 reported gang activity. Child labors-246 million children’s, one of every six children of 5 to 17 ages, are involved in child labor. Child soldiers-UNICEF...
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...Child abuse Child abuse is a global problem that is deeply rooted in cultural, economic and social practices. It is a state of emotional, physical, economic and sexual maltreatment meted out to a person below the age of eighteen and is a globally prevalent phenomenon. However, in India, as in many other countries, there has been no understanding of the extent, magnitude and trends of the problem. The growing complexities of life and the dramatic changes brought about by socio-economic transitions in India have played a major role in increasing the vulnerability of children to various and newer forms of abuse. Child abuse has serious physical and psycho-social consequences which adversely affect the health and overall well-being of a child. 1. CHILD ABUSE – BASIC DEFINITIONS “Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment, sexual abuse, neglect or negligent treatment or commercial or other exploitation, resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power”. (World Health Organization) "Any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker, which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse, or exploitation, or an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm" (The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act – CAPTA) “Child abuse is a very complex and dangerous...
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...Crime against women in india I hereby declare that the project work entitled “CRIME AGAINST WOMEN IN INDIA” submitted to the UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, is a record of an original work done by me/us under the guidance of RANI D’SOUZA MAM, Faculty Member, S.M.SHETTY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE, COMMERCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES, and this project work is my/our original work based on our research and has not been used previously for any similar project. Name and roll no. of the group members * 33 - ashok pai * 67- sahil wani * 47 - dipika shetty * 53 - sushmia shetty We owe a great many thanks to a great many people who helped and supported us during the research of this project. My deepest thanks to Lecturer, Rani D’souza the Guide of the project for guiding and correcting various documents of mine with attention and care. He has taken pain to go through the project and make necessary correction as and when needed. I express my thanks to the Principal of, [UNIVERSITY NAME & PLACE], for extending his support. I would also thank my Institution and my faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family and well wishers. contents * Introduction * Sexual harassment * Dowry * Child marriage * Female infanticides and sex selective abortions * Guwahati molestation just the tip of the iceberg,crime against women up in India * Causes of crime * Effects of crime ...
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...responsible, none is so degrading, so shocking, or so brutal as his abuse of the better half of humanity, the female sex”-Gandhi. The struggle women face for equality is a battle fought all over the world, but especially so in India. India was recently rated the worst place in the world to be a woman, defeating Afghanistan and Somalia. Women of India struggle to survive at every age from birth onward, facing hardships of neglect, rape, murder, poor healthcare and diet, violence, abuse, prejudice, and discrimination. The notion that Indian men have a hatred for women has really hurt India’s economy. Female tourist have become scared and turned off by the idea of visiting the country. India is the world’s largest democracy yet women there are treated as lesser beings. India has had women as prime ministers, a president, and other high ranking political positions and still they struggle to fight for equal rights for its women. This is ironic because many current politicians and powerful people in India are women. Although many politicians have made promises to change the poor treatment of their women little change has been seen. Many politicians in office currently have been charged with crimes against women as well. People are standing up to their politicians and government and letting their voices be heard. India has had an up and down battle with gender equality through the ages. It is believed that in ancient India women were equal to men, and women had many freedoms they now...
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...Child abuse is the physical, sexual or emotional maltreatment or neglect of a child or children.[1] In the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Department for Children And Families (DCF) define child maltreatment as any act or series of acts of commission or omission by a parent or other caregiver that results in harm, potential for harm, or threat of harm to a child.[2] Child abuse can occur in a child's home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with. There are four major categories of child abuse:neglect, physical abuse, psychological or emotional abuse, and sexual abuse. In Western countries, preventing child abuse is considered a high priority, and detailed laws and policies exist to address this issue. Different jurisdictions have developed their own definitions of what constitutes child abuse for the purposes of removing a child from his/her family and/or prosecuting a criminal charge. According to the Journal of Child Abuse and Neglect, child abuse is "any recent act or failure to act on the part of a parent or caretaker which results in death, serious physical or emotional harm, sexual abuse or exploitation, an act or failure to act which presents an imminent risk of serious harm".[3] child exploitation is one of the biggest problems of the planet. It is increasing constantly. More than 250 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 work in the world; it adds up to 11,5 million teens between the...
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...CHILD ABUSE Child abuse is maltreatment of children in any of the emotional, physical, psychological and sexual manner. According to the National child Abuse Statistics (NCAS), more than four children die every day as a result of child abuse. Nowadays, we always hear about child abuse and there are many children being abused every year. There are four types of child abuse; neglect abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse and psychological or emotional abuse.The major contributor among the four types of child abuse is neglect with 78.5% in 2012. Abused children are 25% more likely to experience teen pregnancy and this is a main reason for neglect because the parent themselves are children due to which their babies get absolutely neglected. These neglected children are not brought up with good values as a result they tend to abuse their own children later on. The victims lead a miserable life. They suffer from poor hygiene, lack of immunization, unusual school attendance etc. The second major share goes to physical abuse at 17.6% in 2012. Majority of the people, who experienced physical abuse in life, suffer from at least one psychological disorder. There are many real life cases wherein parents carve their own children and make them count each and every breath they take before their death. Approximately 80% of children that die cause of abuse are under the age group of four. The signs of physical abuse are burns, wounds, bruises, excessive fear of parents or caretaker, unusual...
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...Most of the time, physical abuse is not recognize by peoples as a serious problem. Physical abuse occurs when someone physically hurts you, such as by hitting you or throwing something at you. Even if someone only hits you once or doesn't hurt you that badly, it is a big deal. It may be not so serious because it seems they’re not badly hurt, but what the people doesn’t know is they are causing harm, a serious harm to that people they hurt physically.Abuse tends to escalate, putting you at greater risk in the future. Just one incident of being physically hurt by anyone is unacceptable, and you should take steps to stop the abuse. They cause harm in the sense that that even small hurting can cause hidden scars, Hidden scars which are formed by the emotional and psychological wounds. This Hidden scars is manifested by almost all of the people specifically during their teenage years. All parents want a disciplined and well behaved child. However, there are times when a parent loses control or simply has no control over their child. This is when simple parenting crosses the line and becomes emotional abuse. Emotional abuse is elusive. Unlike physical abuse, the people doing it and receiving it may not even know it is happening. It can be more harmful than physical abuse because it can undermine what we think about ourselves. It can cripple all we are meant to be as we allow something untrue to define us. Emotional abuse can happen between parent and child, husband and wife, among...
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...difference in sex and physical form denotes no difference in status. Women are complement of man and not inferior.” Man and woman are both equal and both play vital roles in the creation and development of their families in particular and the society in general. Indeed the struggle for legal equality has been one of the major concerns of the women’s movement all over the world. In India since long back, women were considered as the oppressed section of the society and they were neglected for centuries. Thus, the first task in post- independent India was to provide a constitution to the people which would not make any distinction on the basis of sex. Article 14 of the Indian Constitution declares that equality before law and equal protection of law shall be available to all. Similarly, Article 15 of the Indian Constitution says that there shall be no discrimination against any citizen on the grounds of sex. Further, Article 15(1) guarantees equality of opportunity for all citizens in matters relating to employment. Article 15(3) provides that the state can make special provision for women and children. In Union of India v. K.P.Prabhakaran,1997,11SCC 638, where Supreme Court held reservation of certain posts exclusively for women is valid under article 15(3), article covers every sphere of state action. Besides, Directive Principles of State Policy which concern women directly and have a special bearing on their status include Article 39(a) right to an adequate means for livelihood. Article...
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...defined as physical violence that occurs between individuals in a family unit or those in a dating or other romantic relationship. In America the four most common types of abuses are physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse. While all these differ and have different effects on the victims, the one thing they all have in common are the damages that are instilled in the victims. The types of violence includes all behaviors that manipulate, intimidate, humiliate, frighten, isolate, coerce, hurt, injure, threaten, wound, blame, or terrorize the other person. America In the United States, according to the United States Department of...
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...Introduction ………………………………………………………………… Background on Sexuality in India General Concepts on Sexuality and Love …………………………………… Interpersonal Heterosexual Behaviors o Adults ▪ Premarital Courtship, Dating, and Relationships……..…………. ▪ Marriage……………………………………………………. ▪ Family Size…………………………………………………. o Children ……………………………………………………….…. o Adolescents ………………………………………………………. Homosexuality ……………………………………………………………….. Significant Unconventional Sexual Behaviors o Coercive Sex ▪ Sexual Abuse……………………………………………….. ▪ Sexual Harassment………………………………..…………. ▪ Rape………………………………………………………... ▪ Dowry Deaths…………………………………….…………. o Prostitution………………………………………………...………. o Porn……………………………………………………………….. STDs, HIV/AIDS …………………………………………………………….. Contraception, Abortion, and Population Planning ………………………. References ……………………………………………………………………. Appendix ……………………………………………………………………... The Effects of Globalization on Sexuality in India Abstract: Globalization has an impact on all aspects of life, including the construction, regulation and imagination of sexuality and gender. This paper aims to suggest some of the ways in which this impact is occurring, primarily in India, with some emphasis on questions of HIV, sexual identity, and human and sexual rights. In issues of sexuality, as in other spheres, globalization...
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