...WORLD STEEL IN FIGURES 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD Foreword .....................................................................................3 Safety and health .........................................................................4 Life cycle thinking .........................................................................5 Key facts about steel ....................................................................6 World crude steel production, 1950 to 2013 ..................................7 Top steel-producing companies, 2013 ...........................................8 Major steel-producing countries, 2012 and 2013 ...........................9 Crude steel production by process, 2013 ....................................10 Continuously-cast steel output, 2011 to 2013 ............................. 11 Monthly crude steel production, 2010 to 2013 .............................12 Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2003 ...........14 Steel production and use: geographical distribution, 2013 ............15 Apparent steel use, 2007 to 2013 ...............................................16 Apparent steel use per capita, 2007 to 2013 ............................... 17 Pig iron, 2012 and 2013 ..............................................................18 Direct reduced iron production, 2006 to 2013..............................19 Iron ore, 2012 .............................................................................20 World iron ore trade by...
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...5Some of Google¶s success in China will be determined by the actions and strategies of itsmain competitor Baidu. Up until now, Baidu has exploited its knowledge of Chinesecustoms and outmaneuvered Google in the search engine market. Recently however,Baidu has made several missteps that could cost it market share and investors haveresponded. Over the past year, Baidu¶s stock has been down over 33 percent versusGoogle¶s 18 percent. Search Accuracy The single greatest source of controversy surrounding Baidu has been its practice of giving preference to paid advertisements over organic search result. This practice came tohaunt Baidu when China¶s state run CCTV network reported in November that some patients sought care from unlicensed pharmaceutical companies because they appearedhigher on Baidu¶s search results. Baidu¶s stock took a 25 percent hit in one day xiv and thecompany cut its fourth quarter revenue forecast by 15 percent. Baidu quickly removed theunlicensed companies from its results and on March 29 th , 2009, it announced it woulddrop paid search rankings completely xv .Baidu¶s search problems do not stop there. Some former Baidu clients claim the searchengine dropped their web sites after they stopped buying search ads from Baidu xvi . Baiduhas denied these accusations, but a group of more than 50 companies are planning tolaunch a lawsuit against Baidu for anti-trust, fraud, and infringement violations xvii . Baiduis also allegedly complicit in another Chinese...
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...Strategy 1. [pic] INTRODUCTION The name “Baidu”, was inspired by a poem written more than 800 years ago during Song Dynasty whose literal meaning is “hundreds of times”, signifies a persistent search for the ideal[i]. In January 2000, Baidu was founded by Chinese entrepreneur Robin Li (Li) and Eric Xu (Xu) where it conducts its operations in China providing a Chinese Internet search platform through Baidu Online and Baidu Netcom. These companies hold the required licensing and approvals to operate the Company’s websites and advertising services.[ii] Within a few years, Baidu expanded its operations and established three PRC subsidiaries and two other PRC consolidated entities. By January 2008, Baidu launched a Japanese search service with three subsidiaries. To date, Baidu has been the most popular search engine in China and has succeeded in areas where Microsoft and Yahoo have failed: Beating Google at its own game by dominating the search engine market in 2007 with 60.4% market share.[iii] The paper aims to (1) perform an internal analysis on Baidu, to identify the competencies of Baidu; (2) perform an external analysis of Baidu to identify opportunities and threats; and (3) identify business strategies by Baidu and (4) recommend strategic actions to Baidu to compete better in future. INTERNAL BUSINESS FUNDAMENTAL ANALYSIS Organisation Structure and Human Resource Management. Baidu organisation structure works on a functional departmentalisation where...
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...CASE: A-197 DATE: 02/05/09 BAIDU.COM, INC.: VALUATION AT IPO Since its official launch in January 2000, Baidu.com, Inc. (Baidu) quickly grew to become the leading Internet search engine in China. After three rounds of private funding, Baidu registered to go public on the NASDAQ Stock Market (Ticker Symbol: BIDU) on August 5, 2005. (See Exhibits 1 and 2 for a listing of Baidu’s private funding sources and pre-IPO share allocations.) The initial public offering (IPO) turned out to be one of the highest-profile debuts since the Internet bubble burst in 2000. The stock price jumped 354 percent on the first day of trading and closed at $122.54, valuing the company at about $3.96 billion based on 32.3 million shares outstanding. While the market showed strong enthusiasm for the stock, Baidu’s public offering nevertheless generated much debate in the investment community about the underlying value of the firm. Furthermore, concerns were raised about whether or not Baidu was able to sustain its growth rate and exceed investor expectations after the IPO. Factors leading to this uncertainty included: the state of the Internet-paid search market in China, the expected growth in the marketplace, the competitive landscape, and the strength of Baidu’s business model and strategic position. BACKGROUND ON CHINA’S ADVERTISING AND ONLINE ADVERTISING MARKETS Advertising Market From 1995 to 2005 China’s advertising market grew at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17 percent, which was...
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...CASE: A-197 DATE: 02/05/09 BAIDU.COM, INC.: VALUATION AT IPO Since its official launch in January 2000, Baidu.com, Inc. (Baidu) quickly grew to become the leading Internet search engine in China. After three rounds of private funding, Baidu registered to go public on the NASDAQ Stock Market (Ticker Symbol: BIDU) on August 5, 2005. (See Exhibits 1 and 2 for a listing of Baidu’s private funding sources and pre-IPO share allocations.) The initial public offering (IPO) turned out to be one of the highest-profile debuts since the Internet bubble burst in 2000. The stock price jumped 354 percent on the first day of trading and closed at $122.54, valuing the company at about $3.96 billion based on 32.3 million shares outstanding. While the market showed strong enthusiasm for the stock, Baidu’s public offering nevertheless generated much debate in the investment community about the underlying value of the firm. Furthermore, concerns were raised about whether or not Baidu was able to sustain its growth rate and exceed investor expectations after the IPO. Factors leading to this uncertainty included: the state of the Internet-paid search market in China, the expected growth in the marketplace, the competitive landscape, and the strength of Baidu’s business model and strategic position. BACKGROUND ON CHINA’S ADVERTISING AND ONLINE ADVERTISING MARKETS Advertising Market From 1995 to 2005 China’s advertising market grew at a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 17...
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...Baidu I. Short Background Baidu is the largest search company in China, accounting for over 60% of search market share in China. Its market share in the Chinese domestic market has grown steadily in the past few years. Baidu’s reach extends to international markets, with established branch offices in Japan, the U.S. and other countries. Currently Baidu uses A Telco carrier as its data center hosting provider. Baidu is billed by the rack. Each rack comes with strict power limits of no more than 10 A per rack or 2.2 KW at 220 V. Because racks are currently power limited, a significant amount of rack space can’t be used without hitting power envelope limits. Since Baidu is also billed by the rack, Baidu is highly motivated to maximize the number of servers per rack while staying within the 10 A current limit. As Baidu grows, the company will eventually operate company-owned data centers. Given their previous experience, power consumption remains one of the top platform management concerns, and is not expected to abate even with company operated data centers. II. Context and Point of View Google has been the number 1 search engine in the world but it has problem tapping market in China because of certain laws given by the government. On the other hand Baidu was able to comply with these laws faster than Google. We will be taking the point of view of the Baidu Management. III. Objectives 1. To be able to understand the current position of Baidu ...
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...Individual Assignment Google in China: Case Study MGT 448 Google in China: Case Study China and Google have not seen eye to eye lately. the element of defending human rights or complying with the Chinese Government has placed Google with a decision to choose between the two . This paper will examine the case study, Google in China, and answer the following questions: What advantages and disadvantages does Google have in the Chinese market in comparison with Baidu? What is the business model of each company? And what factors should Google have considered in reaching its decision on the new approach in China? Advantages and Disadvantages for Google in the Chinese Market Advantages that Google has over Baidu in the Chinese market include the public having access to un-censored search terms, Google’s AdWords and AdSense technology, and its partnership with China Mobile. Google also offers attractive applications such as “Picasa Web Album, Google Docs, Google Talk, Google Calendar and Google Checkout” (Yin & Yulin, 2010, p. 2). Some of Google’s services include “Google Earth, Google Hot List, Q&A and a free legal music download service” (Yin & Yulin, 2010, p. 3). In comparison with Baidu, Google does have some disadvantages which include its suspended “ability to search through foreign websites and its associative-word search function”, its criticism from Chinese Regulators and bad publicity from Chinese writers accusing the company of copyright infringement (Yin...
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...chairman of Baidu, Inc., the most famous Chinese Internet search engine company, has succeeded at changing the Internet core search engine technology in China over the past twelve years. Robin, which is the English name of Yanhong Li, graduated from Beijing University with a degree in Information Management in 1991. Then he received a master’s degree of Computer Science at the State University of New York in Buffalo. In 1999, Robin foresaw the great potential development of the Chinese search engine services and Internet development in China when he was working at Silicon Valley in California. In 2000, after Robin quit his high-paying job, he moved back to China and established Baidu, Inc. with his friend, Eric Xu. Their goal was to show that science changes peoples’ lives. Before founding Baidu, Robin had received the American patent of “hyperlink analysis” technology, which he used later for the Baidu search engine. After several years effort, Baidu has become the most frequently used website in China. Approximately 81.2% of Chinese netizens use Baidu to locate the information that they need every day. Baidu offers many different search services, such as Baidu MP3, Baidu Knows, Baidu Encyclopedia and so on. I knew about Baidu when I was in high school, and I am used to searching information through the Internet by using Baidu. It makes my daily life much easier and more convenient. For instance, I can find millions of images from the Internet on Baidu Image, I can...
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...Prof. White Baidu Case Analysis China has the largest population and the second largest economy in the world. This means the Internet and search engine market base is very large and is extremely lucrative. In February 2008 the Chinese exceeded the U.S. (previous leader) in the number of Internet users in the World. Chinese search engine, Baidu is the number one website in China and the largest website outside of the United States. Through strategy Baidu has beaten out the top competitor in the Chinese Market, Google with 60.4 % market share in 2007, which is double that of Google. Baidu dominated the market share by having the first-mover advantage. They were the first search-engine to provide information in local and Chinese languages. The search engine industry is a high-potential high-risk industry, which makes survival for new entrants very difficult. Baidu created a competitive advantage over substitute products like Google, Aiba and Yahoo by becoming popular with young adults through the offering of a high quality Mp3 search engine, instant messaging, and online gaming. They decided the best way to generate revenue is to base its business model off of Google’s, which is selling auction-based pay-for-performance search ads. So as long as Baidu stays the most popular search engine in China they will receive the highest pay for ads, giving them a high supplier power. This also makes the buyer power low because the buyers want to advertise through the company that has the...
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...Google, the world biggest profitable company, has its revolutionary business strategies. These business models help Google to achieve success all over the world in past decades. However, recently Google also faces the dilemma that some countries are not welcome them on the pretext of national security. This essay will first introduce the business strategies of Google, and then examine the threats that Google faces from some countries and local competitors such as Baidu in China. After analyzing, it will finally provide some suggestions for Google to secure the dominance in these countries and gives a conclusion. To some extent, the minority is concerned about how a search engine works and makes money, which actually plays an important role in the process of operating a search engine corporation like Google. It is obviously that a search engine depends on “search”. Google used Pagerank technology to reveal results by not only looking for keywords inside webpages, but also estimating the value of a search result based on the number and popularity of other sites that linked to the page. There are no hand-editing of the outcomes for the reason that the search results. In addition, Google is dissatisfied with the status quo. It keeps perfecting its technique to make the search result more accurate and relevant. It is a prevailing phenomenon that most search engine is running the paid inclusion pattern, but Google is an exception. But then again, Google is not a charity organization...
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...GOOGLE IN CHINA CASE STUDY Introduction Currently Google faces major issues regarding its operation in China. Google has been faced with the decision to comply with Chinese government regulation and censor its search engine results or take on the human rights approach of freedom of speech and eliminate censorship of searched terms. This paper will examine the case study, Google in China, and answer the following questions: What advantages and disadvantages does Google have in the Chinese market in comparison with Baidu? What is the business model of each company? And what factors should Google have considered in reaching its decision on the new approach in China? What advantages and disadvantages does Google have in the Chinese market in comparison with Baidu? Advantages that Google has over Baidu in the Chinese market include the public having access to un-censored search terms, Google’s AdWords and AdSense technology, and its partnership with China Mobile. Google also offers attractive applications such as “Picasa Web Album, Google Docs, Google Talk, Google Calendar and Google Checkout”. Some of Google’s services include “Google Earth, Google Hot List, Q&A and a free legal music download service”. In comparison with Baidu, Google does have some disadvantages which include its suspended “ability to search through foreign websites and its associative-word search function”, its criticism from Chinese Regulators and bad publicity from Chinese writers accusing the company of copyright...
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...doubt that Baidu is the biggest Chinese search engin in the world. Compared with 1999, when Baidu had just been found, it was a only small company with 7 seven people, nowdays, Baidu occupied nearly 80 percents of the market share of search engin in China. Most people would like to own the success of Baidu to the initiator, Robin Li. Before Robin Li founded Baidu, he was just a network engineer, but now, he has already become an excellent leader. As a leader, Robin has many good qualities. He is knowlegable, cautious, patient, full of passion and keeping appropriate development speed of Baidu. There is nearly no rapid change or ups and downs in the development of Baidu. The development is stable and sustained. What gives others biggest impression in Robin Li's leadership is his gentleman-style leardership.In ancient China, " gentleman " is used to discribe somebody's moral perspective. The "gentleman-style leadership " refered here means that the Robin Li's leadership is base on the fact that human's nature is good, and he is trying to develop the company and create value for society consciously and actively in a gentleman's demeanor, which makes the atmosphere in Baidu free, harmonious and actively. Robin Li has tried his best to prevent being so serious in the company. For example, if Robin Li was in office, his door is generally open, unless there is an important conversation. This is to let the staff know that they can enter the office any time. In Baidu, only people...
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...Government of China A Case Study in Cross-Culture Negotiations 1. Who are the stakeholders in this case? * The owner, the shareholders and the employees of Google * The internet users * The biggest rival of engine market Baidu and other enterprises * The China government 2. What are the important issues for each set of stakeholders? * For Google itself: Google employees will be unable to work in China; This was also reflected in the stock and other areas. After the incident, the Google shares fell, the company earnings will directly affect to the global strategy. * For the internet users: Google quit from China made such adverse impact, and it’s harmful to China's international image, in the search engine industry, there has no competition, users can only use Baidu. * For Baidu: We all know Baidu is China's largest search engine company, after Google's withdrawal, No competition will make Baidu's growth rate reduced. So it has good and bad effects to Baidu's development. On one hand, Baidu can enhance its own competitiveness, the market share and the stock go up rapidly. but on the other hand, Baidu's ills on the lack of creativity are manifested. * The influence of the government: Google quit from China, the most influential image is China's investment environment. Originally foreign invest in China have been very troublesome, if even Google---such a well-known high-tech companies are being squeezed away in China, that will make...
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...Comment on the legal and regulatory environment in China and its implications for the chinese media. In light of the restrictions imposed by the Chinese government of internet access, how do you think the media industry is affected? On google agreeing to ensure its search content, Reporters without borders commented, “Google’s statement about respecting online privacy are the height of hypocrisy in view of its strategy in China.” However, Google’s Director of Research was of the view, “What’s important to users is access to information, we are giving them that, and we think that’s the most important.” Do you think Google was right in taking this step? Justify your answer. PPPPPPPPPPP Internet censorship Increasingly, Chinese and Tibetan citizens both inside and outside areas of Chinese Government control are seeking information through the internet and other forms of online media. The speed and bredth of information access which these mediums allow is a huge threat to the Chinese Government as they attempt to maintain propagandist views of 'sensitive issues' such as human rights, the Tinananmen Square massacre and Tibet. As such, the Chinese Government goes to great lengths to control the internet and to limit the amount of information its citizens are able to uncover. On 13 January 2010, Google announced that it would consider pulling out of China after it emerged that hackers had been attempting to access the Gmail accounts of human rights activists...
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...of 2010, our biggest competitor Google search engine indicated that it threatened to exit China internet. In December, 2009, Google revealed that hackers tried to access their customers’ email accounts on its servers. It was a huge shock to the world. One of the biggest search engine companies decided to exit the largest internet market of China. It not only became the issue of politics between the two countries but also brought some impacts to its competitors. Being forced to censor the search results was the most important reason for giant Google to quit China. And Google's chief legal officer David Drummond pointed out in a blog post that at least 20 other large companies from a wide range of businesses were similarly targeted as the same reason. As another biggest company in the world, should our Microsoft’s Bing search engine follow Google exiting China? It becomes a big issue for us. Should our Microsoft’s Bing search engine follow Google exiting China? What if Bing quits China? What will be the results? Microsoft's chief research and strategy officer, Craig Mundie, confirmed in an interview with China Daily that Bing now has less than 1 percent of Chinese market share. Will Microsoft’s Bing take the high road or the low road in order to gain a bigger piece China's fast-growing Internet market? This report is to explore whether Microsoft’s Bing should quit China or not and the results will come from the decision. Especially on these most important parts...
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