...you have known more or less about Chinese food culture. Because of the species richness, Chinese food culture plays an important role in the world. Due to the large national territorial areas, climate and product mix, there are different kinds of food cultures in different provinces. Every dish has its own favor and none of them share the same taste. Take some of the distinctive dishes, Sichuan, Guangdong and Fujian, for example. First, Sichuang dishes are famous for its peppery taste. They focus on hot, peppery and savor food by using pepper, capsicum and shallot as the main materials. What’s more, they are famous for the hot pot, filling with different ingredients. Second come Guangdong dishes. They pay more attention to the cooking skills. They keep the original favor of the food with proper sweetness and salt. Also, they prefer the food with tender and slide taste, which means the food is filled with sweet smelling and delicious favor. All of these make Guangdong food “a best taste only in Guangdong”. Third, Fujian dishes are good at using seafood as their main original materials. Relying on frying and decocting, they mix the seafood with elaborate oil. Besides, they decorate the food to personalize their beautiful appearance. They are also famous for the distinctive “pickled” favor. Sometimes, they steam the food, which is charming and healthier, comparing with the fried. Although Chinese food can be found all over the world, the food actually made in China is the most...
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...only in the business, but in artistic level won the world audience recognition. He grew up in a traditional Chinese family and study in the United States. The differences between eastern and western culture took a sharp collision in his heart, and it revealed without hiding in his movie and finally become his own unique aesthetic features. This article try to read Lee’s creative thought and artistic style through analysis and research of Lee’s special culture background master’s creative ideas, and learn more about the human temperament of the director which is full glory of human nature. First, this article will introduce about Ang Lee’s growing environment and studying experiences, in order to analysis the formation of his Chinese and Western characteristics. Secondly, through multiple films, the article would analysis of the impact of the East-West cultural collision and merger. Furthermore, a comprehensive interpretation of Ang’s unique film elements and the traits would be expounded. Abstract Ang Lee, Taiwan filmmaker, however, doesn’t have the same characteristics with other Taiwan film makers. He is like a movie ranger, with no specific cultural identity, however, simultaneously, it could be find a certain kind of familiar cultural identity on him, especially in his films. His film always combines the collision of Chinese and Western cultures, but always gives a calm and objective impression, as the story of the movie. His upbringing experience and...
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...Adjustment: A Study of Secondary Chinese Students in South Australia (Homestay Situation) Chong Zhou, Guiyun Chen Abstract In this study, the researcher intends to make some contributions to the research literature regarding the analysis of secondary students’ cross-cultural adjustment through investigating a group of Mainland Chinese students’ experiences in secondary schools in South Australia. The study explores the perceptions of Chinese students in a more naturalistic way through conversations with them in their own language. It focuses on the cultural challenges faced by these Chinese students and provides some insider’s knowledge about the underlying causes for these challenges and their coping strategies in the process of adjusting to living and learning in Australian culture. This paper, as part of the study, will particularly focus on the challenges involved in the homestay situation, the results of which indicated that the secondary school Chinese students at homestays were confronted with four broad categories of challenges: difficulties with food, English language, household chores and relationships with homestay hosts. The findings also uncovered the detailed basis of each of the students’ difficulties, providing some specific cultural information for educational practitioners to better understand secondary Chinese students in Australia. Key words: homestay, culture, language, challenges, adjustment 1 Introduction Entering a new culture is, in many ways, like...
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...September 2012 Making Friends in China As with any culture to be successful in China socially, one needs to understand the manners and etiquettes that the culture follows. Many cultures have changed greatly over the centuries, but China’s remains very similar to its roots around the family and authoritarian. Unlike western cultures, much of the Chinese etiquette continues to be very rigid. Understanding and putting into practice the manners and etiquettes of Chinese culture will help a person to create new friendships, rather than enemies, and be accepted by more people within the country. These manners and etiquettes cover behavior in public, dining, conducting business, and even gift giving. In public Chinese people are very formal in their behaviors. Public displays of affection such as kissing, hugging, making eye contact, or hand holding are strongly discouraged; however, hand holding amongst friends of the same sex commonly occurs. Personal space is given very little concern within China, especially during national celebrations when most people go out, and the streets become very crowded from the largest cities to the smallest rural villages. People meeting will often shake hand and/or bow to each other, regardless of their acquaintance level. A Chinese person will typically avoid making eye contact. Making eye contact may be considered rude and signify anger or defiance. When meeting someone new Chinese people will often ask about a person’s age, marital status...
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...Part 1 China is a collectivist culture as a whole, meaning that they put group – family, school, work, or country – needs and goals ahead of their own. In general this translates into acting with decorum at all times and even subjugating their own feelings and opinions for the good of the group. In American culture, silence is frequently interpreted as agreement, however, in the Chinese culture an individual will remain silent rather than offer a dissenting opinion so as to make sure both parties save face. Face is an essential component of Chinese culture as the concept translates to honor, respect and good reputation. In order to successfully conduct business in China it is essential that the representative never lose face themselves nor cause the loss of face in others. The primary code of behavior and ethics in China is based on Confucianism, stressing duty, sincerity, loyalty, honor, piety and respect for age and seniority. “Through maintaining harmonious relations as individuals, society itself becomes stable (Kwintesssential, 2013).” Non-verbal communication is as important as verbal and provides even more pitfalls. In China a frown is interpreted as disagreement which can cause one party to lose face. Facial expressions, tone of voice and even posture are all examined to try to determine what someone feels. In America, eye contact is considered a sign that you are paying attention and care about what the person is saying. In China it is considered rude and...
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...Cross-Cultural Management: Reflection Part. 1 of 2: Traditional Aboriginal Culture and Traditional Chinese Culture This reflective report will attempt to compare and contrast between Traditional Australian Aboriginal Culture and Traditional Chinese Culture. Ferraro & Briody (2013) defines culture as the shared perceptions among group of two or more people, their beliefs, values and behavioural patterns, which ultimately shape their way of life. I will analyse the two cultures around Hodstede’s cultural dimensions, Collectivism. Collectivism determines the degree of close-knit characteristic of the group (Hofstede n.d.). The insight this framework provides could be use as a guide in managing organisations’ and nationals’ cultural difference. The traditional Chinese live off small area of land, mainly used for cultivation of rice. In order to maximise yield, seeding and harvesting period are heavily depends on friends and relatives to help get the job done (Gladwell 2008). This interdependent behaviour is found not only at the family level but also at community level. Chinese society follows the teaching of Confucius, which promotes interdependence and social harmony (Chuang & Su 2009). To avoid potential social conflicts and encourages cohesiveness, Chinese are more likely to compromise their own needs and coordinate their behaviour with the situation (Nisbatt & Masuda 2003). It is common for Chinese to live with their married son. Family structure becomes more complex...
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...specific product, and also more general rules about the products. Failure to catch up those information could cause delay and lost when we doing export business. China have freedom in undertaking all the import and export activities including international trade, with the exception of those forbidden by state laws and regulations. And China is a big market for us to expanding, our target segment is wide, so China gonna be good choice to do the export business. Legislation for importing food Food which is intended for human consumption must meet the general food safety requirements of law. Under the regulation these requirements are that food must not be unsafe, i.e.: Injurious to health Unfit for human consumption Apart from the general provisions of regulation, the specific legislation applying to imported food will depend on whether the food is of animal origin or not: Food containing animal products includes meat, meat pies, salami, poultry, fish, eggs, milk, dairy products, and honey. Food that has no animal content includes fruit, vegetables, cereals, certain bakery products, herbs, and spices, mineral water, and fruit juices. Some of the import and export procedures are open to choice. Whether these procedures are necessary is solely decided by the kinds of import and export and the category of the import and export commodities. China Import Procedures Most of the import businesses in China are transacted in FOB prices. Only a very small minority of the import commodities...
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...For this paper, please concentrate on the collectivistic traits of the Chinese culture. In your own words, please explain the definition of collectivism. You will also need to refer to examples/scenes in the movie where the characters are displaying this cultural aspect. Again, this paper should be three to four pages in length. • when she asks them how hard it should have been to write that her mother died, and all women are uncomfortable The movie The Joy Luck Club tells the stories of Chinese mothers who move to America with their daughters. Whereas the mothers are more persistent in their Chinese identity, the daughters are actively influenced by the American culture. The Chinese culture is very food-oriented. Food is not only a crucial part of the daily life as meals, but it also is a way of taking care for the family. For Chinese mothers, it’s a way to show their love tot heir children, not trough hugs and kisses. The movie has some scenes related to chinese family dinners that show us that chinese eating culture as well as table manners is very different than the western eating culture. At Lindo’s birthday dinner for example, her daughter brings her american fiancé, who first of all doesn’t master the skills toe at with chopsticks, but is also unknowing of the Chinese table manners. First of all, in a collectivistic culture, there is strong emphasis on sharing food. The food will be presented in the middle of the table, and each guest will make sure to only take...
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...China China is an ancient culture with numerous regional and national traditions and values. While some of the traditions have died out, many are still a very important part of the Chinese society. The role of men and women in China has changed significantly. In China (100 years ago up to a few decades ago), women were treated as inferior in comparison to men, and were restricted to the confines of their homes to raise the children and clean (Live Science, 2013). They would also sew and weave, and prepare food for guests. Women were thought of as yielding, receptive, passive, reflective, and tranquil, where men were hard, active, assertive, and dominating. The men were the sole income and ‘head of the household’. Their job was to bring home money and food for the wife and children while the woman stayed at home. Throughout much of China’s history, women were undermined and almost used as slaves. When communism was introduced (in the 1920’s), women and men became more equal, although they are still not completely equivalent in terms of social and economic status. The One-Child-Policy has pushed the number of women down in China, due to Chinese parents only wanting boys (they are thought of as more ‘beneficial’). Men are still the ‘dominant race’, as they are higher in the percentage of the population in China. In Australia, women and men are almost completely equal. Both women and men both work in politics, manual labour, education, law enforcement, etc. with almost equivalent...
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...ethnicity. However, a clear difference between which factors the parents think are the most crucial for a child’s upbringing shows when comparing between two completely dissimilar cultures, in depth within the family walls. The big question is which way of upbringing a child is the most correct way, both ethically and progressively. In this article ‘’Why Chinese Mothers are Superior’’ by Amy Chua, she points out the major differences between the Western and Chinese world of parenting. In the article, Amy Chua mentions the focus that has been set on Chinese mothers about their inhumane ways of upbringing a child. ‘’There are all these new books out there portraying Asian mothers as scheming, callous, overdriven people indifferent to their kids' true interests’’. She uses the opportunity in this article to get the western people’s attention by her very provocative title choice, which is smart because it allows her to set things in perspective for the western readers, now that she has their attention. Amy kind of starts a debate by comparing these two different parenting cultures, she tries to explain it from her viewpoint, reducing the bad view on Chinese parenting method and a chance of achieving solidarity. Amy states that there are three major differences between Chinese and Western parental mind-sets. Chinese parents are not anxious about their children’s self-esteem, and does not care that much for their childs psyche, but instead cares about preparing the child for the future...
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...International Journal of Business and Social Science Vol. 3 No. 11; June 2012 Cross-Cultural Values Comparison between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans Jean Pierre MIAHOUAKANA MATONDO PhD Student in Business Administration Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University 1882, Yan’an Road, Shanghai China Abstract With a Sino-African trade growing at 40% a year and a steadily growing economy above 5% in Africa are challenging Chinese companies and individual Chinese businessmen to reassess broad stereotypes and globalization strategies in this continent. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of fundamental values and interpersonal relations between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans, and also their impact on the intercultural activities. It outlines differences and synergies amongst African and Chinese cultures. The study aims to introduce some important recommendations and factors, which may have an essential impact on Chinese companies operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides in addition empirical insights of a set of values that may influence Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans’ behaviours. New suggestions related to cross-cultural activities are reported to implement adequate human resource management policies within these companies. The paper includes implications for the development of new cross-cultural strategies and restructuration of the human resource policies. Keywords: Cross-cultural Values; Identity; Cross-Cultural Management;...
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...International Marketing Marketing Wine in the Chinese Market Executive Summary China’s demand for Western wine has rapidly increased. This has created a market opportunity for high end, quality wine companies from Australia to export their products to China. The product that will be focused on is Glandore Wine from the Hunter Valley. The report will focus on exporting this product into the Chinese market. There should be a strong focus on building brand reputation and maintaining long-term business relationships. There are multiple entry types into foreign markets yet Chinese regulations limit the mode of entry. The recommended mode of entry for Glandore wines is a Joint Venture. The decision between product standardisation and customisation is an important aspect of strategic decision-making. It is recommended that Glandore does not customise their core product of wine, however it is recommended that other product attributes are customised to appeal to the Chinese market. When promoting Glandore wine in the Chinese market there should be use of advertising, public relations, sales promotion and personal selling. Table of Contents Executive Summary ……………………………..…. 2 1. Introduction ………………………………………………... 4 2. 2.1 Market Entry………………………………………………4 2.2 Recommendations ………………………………………5 3. 3.1 Product Standardisation and Customisation ……..…..7 3.2 Recommendations…………………………………….….7 4. Promotion in China 4.1 Push Strategies………………………………………...
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...人和集体,均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人承担本声明的相应责任。 学位论文作者签名: 日期 指 导 教 师 签 名: 日期 目 录 摘 要 1 Abstract 2 前 言 1 一、“缘起论”基础上的中国佛教生态哲学观 1 二、中国佛教下不同派别的的生态哲学观 4 三、中国佛教生态哲学的新发展 7 四、中国佛教生态哲学对当代生态伦理的理论贡献 8 结 语 9 注 释 10 参考文献 10 致 谢 11 摘 要 对于宗教文化中的生态哲学思想的研究正在我国哲学界逐渐深入,在研究西方生态伦理学观点的同时,把目光投入到中国传统文化中去寻求突破点是十分迫切的。生态问题已成为人类面临的重大难题,而中国佛教由对生命的持续关注以及佛教生态伦理中的“缘起论”基础、根本原则以及价值观,对于日益严重的生态危机,具有新的启示和重要的研究作用。 关键词:生态观;佛教;缘起论;众生平等;可持续发展 Abstract For the study of the religious culture of ecological philosophy is our philosophy the community gradually in depth,at the same times, studying in Western ecological ethics point of view, it is urgent to look into the traditional Chinese culture in order to seek a breakthrough point.Ecological problems has become a major problem facing mankind.Chinese Buddhism, the cause of continuing concern for life, and Buddhist ecological ethics based on the fundamental principles,origin theory and values, faced with an increasingly serious ecological crisis, which has a new revelation and significant research functions. Key words: Ecological concept; Buddhism; Origin theory; all beings are equal; sustainable development “缘起论”为基础的中国佛教生态观 前 言...
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...At this moment, I am working in Allphones in Perth. My boss, Mrs Zhang, is a Chinese woman who has another shop in Adelaide and she always stays there. Therefore, her brother, Mr. Zhang, is taking responsible for the shop in Perth. About two weeks ago, I went to the shop and tried to find a position there. Mr. Zhang made an appointment with me and asked me lots of questions, such as my English level, the experience of being a salesperson, and my previous job and so on. I could clearly felt that he was satisfied with me. At that night, he gave me a call and told me that he has talked to Mrs. Zhang about recruiting me and she agreed that. Still in that call, he also told me that the salary for me is 10 dollars per hour and I could start training immediately. Even I felt it is quite low, I agreed to work there, because I thought that it is better to gain some money than nothing and that would be the salary during the period of training. As the first job I got in Perth, I really felt passion about it. It seems that it is really a hard job. Since our shop locates in the heart of Perth, there are lots of people coming to our shop every day. During the first week, I worked four days from 10am to 5.30pm, which made me very tired, but I still felt happy since I could get money from this job. One day, one of my colleagues asked Mr. Zhang to pay the salary, so did I. Mr. Zhang looked at me for five seconds and told me that there is no salary during the training and I could get 10...
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...should enter the room followed by myself. We will both be wearing neutral colored conservative dresses with flat shoes. The Chinese businessman will introduce himself whom my boss will respond to with “Hello, we are pleased to meet you” and begin to formally introduce herself as Manager Johnson and myself as Mrs. Fowler. I will not attempt to introduce myself as it would be considered rude. We will wait for him to initiate a handshake at which time my boss will first shake his hand gently and then myself. How do you exchange business cards? Following the introduction it is expected exchange of business cards. It is important to have business cards that are printed on sides; one in English, the other in Chinese. These should include: Company Name, Personal name, title, fax and email. They should be clean, neat and printed in gold lettering. The exchange will occur one at a time standing up and holding the card on the corners with both hands with the Chinese side up. You will hand your card carefully showing him respect, you will show the same respect when accepting his card. Once I receive the card I will need to study it prior putting it on the table, showing interest by reading the details; if I had collected more than one business card, I would line them up in vertically in order of seniority going down on the table (NBC Universal, Inc, 2008). The culture coach informs me that they should never go into a pocket, get written on and that showing up without business cards could...
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