...The topic of gastritis has been around for many years. Upon my research I have discovered that in 1947, at the dawn of gastroscopy, Rudolf Schindler considered gastritis to be one of the most debilitating diseases and predicted that its significance would be discussed for some time to come (Schindler R, 1947). When gastritis was finally recognized as a unique condition, the exploration for its cause has began. In1870, both human and veterinary pathologists have described bacterial infections based on the observation of tiny curved bacteria within gastric mucosa, however, these organisms were dismissed as irrelevant contaminants (M. Kidd and I. M. Modlin, “A century of Helicobacter pylori. Paradigms lost—paradigms regained,” Digestion, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 1998.). It was not until 1984 that the scientists recognized that etiology of a wide variety of gastric diseases including gastritis have a bacterial cause directly associated with Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonizes human stomach and is an established cause of chronic superficial gastritis, chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric adenocarcinoma (Dunne, B. E., Cohen, H., & Blaser, M. J, 1997). It is present in a about a half of world's population, however the majority of people infected with H. pylori infection will never have symptoms or will develop gastric problems. While not completely understood, it is believed that H. pylori is spread by ingesting...
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...As inflammation spreads, the lumen of the intestine narrows, an obstruction can develop, and abscess frequently form. 11. This question has two parts. a. Who does Crohn’s disease usually affect? Crohn’s disease usually affects white adults age 20 to 40, and two to three times more common among Ashkenazi jews. b. Describe the treatment for Crohn’s disease. The treatment for Crohn’s disease is with anti-inflammatory medications and with immunosuppressive agents. Surgery is performed to correct complications such as obstruction, perforation, or massive hemorrhage. Ileostomy is necessary if the large intestine has been severely damaged. 12. What are the symptoms of chronic ulcerative colitis? Typical symptoms include diarrhea with pus, blood, and mucus in the stools and cramp-like pain in the lower abdomen. 13. What are the possible causes of hemorrhoids? The possible causes of hemorrhoids include heredity, poor dietary habits, inadequate fiber, overuse of laxatives, and lack of exercise. 14. What are the risk factors for developing spastic colon (ie, irritable bowel...
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...Dog Diarrhea Cures: Home Remedies If your dog has a normal viral infection or if he ate something that made him sick, withhold food from your dog for 24 hours. After that, introduce a bland food diet. Bland foods include: • Boiled Chicken • Boiled lean hamburger • Rice • Boiled turkey • Scrambled egg • Boiled potato (Without skins) • Cottage cheese • Yogurt for beneficial bacteria • Tapioca • Electrolyte water Make sure your dog has plenty of fresh clean water available at all times. It may take several days of the bland diet before your dog's stool returns to normal. When his stool is normal, slowly reintroduce his normal diet by mixing half a serving with the bland diet above. Over the Counter Diarrheal Aids Dogs may be given household diarrheal medicine for humans in some situations. Before giving your pet any medication, check with your veterinarian to make sure it is safe and get the proper dosage information based on the size of your dog. Types of over the counter diarrhea aids to consider (after checking with your veterinarian): • Pepto Bismol • Immodium • Kaopectate Quick Response Your quick response is the best dog diarrhea cure there is. Take a look at the dog's environment to see if he has eaten a foreign object or been exposed to the feces of an infected animal who has a disease. Take your dog to the veterinarian if necessary, or change his diet if you suspect a minor illness to be the cause of...
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...----------------------- Stomach Cancer in Middle aged and Older Adults Stomach cancer is also called gastric cancer. This cancer begins in the stomach. Most of the time, the stomach cancer grows slowly over many years, and begins in the mucosa and grows into the other layers of the stomach. The stomach wall has five layers which the cancer affects, with three layers in specific because it can grow in these deeper. The innermost layer is the mucosa, which is where the cancer starts; next layer is the submucosa, a layer of muscle called the musclaris, and then the outer two outer layers, the subserosa, and the serosa, which is the wrapping for the stomach itself. Symptoms of Stomach Cancer and How It Affects Your Body Stage one is considered the early stage of stomach cancer which causes indigestion, heartburn, loss of appetite, and abdominal discomfort. Stage two is considered the middle stage of stomach cancer which causes weakness and fatigue, and bloating usually after a meal. Stage three or more of stomach cancer begins with all the symptoms mentioned above such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, weight loss, bleeding, and dysphagia. [pic] Layer of the Stomach [pic] [pic] Stomach Cancer Prevention and Detection of Stomach Cancer To help with the prevention of stomach cancer begin avoiding foods high in smoked and pickled cooking and processing, and avoid salted meats and fish. Also eat a...
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...Water Soluble Vitamins and the Bodily Functions They Promote Vitamins and mineral supplements are items that most people would think are good for their bodies. Unfortunately, this is only a half truth. There are many people that are not aware of the full ramifications of vitamins, minerals, and other non-energy yielding nutrients. You need vitamins and minerals, but in excess they can be poison. Vitamin literally means “life, containing nitrogen.” (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 321). The first vitamins contained nitrogen, however vitamins that do not contain nitrogen are just as important to life. Vitamins, as well as minerals, are very important to living beings because they are the substances which assist in the metabolism of energy-yielding nutrients or the development of bodily structures. In the absence of vitamins, there is a wide variety of symptoms that can occur. These things are including, but not limited to, blindness, dementia, and the improper development of bodily structures. The assistance that is provided by vitamins is of high importance, but that is not the only function of vitamins. Vitamins prevent deficiency symptoms, but if the proper dosage is taken they also help your body perform optimally. Your bodily system stays healthy as a result. (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 322) Vitamins are not like carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. First of all, vitamins do not provide any energy to the body. (Rolfes, Pinna, Whitney 322) Vitamins are also individual...
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...Gastric Cancer COM/172 - ELEMENTS OF UNIVERSITY COMPOSITION AND COMMUNICATION II August 22nd, 2012 JULIA REEVES Gastric Cancer Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States next to heart disease. Cancer is not only a disease but it is a general term for many different types of disease. It is a disease from which abnormal cells are divided without control and then invade into other tissues within the body. Cancer begin in cells, the body’s basic unit of life. Cells grow, divide, and produce to make more cells for the body to remain healthy and productive. When cells are damaged or old, they die and become replaced by new cells. However, sometimes the process does not carry on properly and cells that should die do not but, instead they divide uncontrollably and become extra cells. These cells form into a mass of tissue, known as a tumor, which is often spread through the blood and lymph systems. As the cardia tumors continue to increase and grow, the gastric cancer decreases. There are over one hundred different types of cancer including breast, lung, prostate, colon, bone, lymphoma, brain, skin, thyroid, and pancreas. Among the different types of cancer there are many categories of cancer, which are are grouped into carcinoma, sarcoma, leukemia, central nervous system cancer and lymphoma and myeloma. Cancer has grown to become one of the world’s most common killers annually. Cancer has a high mortality...
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...Cellular adaptations of growth and differentiation In order to function properly, the cells and tissues have to maintain a steady state (homeostasis)- the cells must constantly adapt cellular adaptation- is the state between a normal unstressed cell and the overstressed injured cell -by definition - an adaptative process is reversible -within defined limits, all the cells are capable of adapting to a variety of stimuli which may upset normality NORMAL CELL GROWTH -Normal tissue growth depends on a balance between the number of cells actively dividing and the number of the cells dying -the cells of the body can be divided into 3 groups on the basis of their regenerative capacity- they respond differently to stress and injury 1.- Labile cell ( intermitotic) 2.- Stable cell ( reversible postmitotic ) 3.- Permanent cell ( irreversible postmitotic) The cell cycle and types of cells Proliferating cells occupy several functional states between two mitoses. The cell cycle consists of G1 gap (presynthetic), S (DNA synthesis), G2 gap (premitotic) and M (mitotic ) phases. The cells may leave cell cycle during G1 and then they either cease proliferation, differentiate or eventually die or they enter G0 phase, resting phase from which they can be eventually recruited back to the cycle. G0 phase is a non-proliferative and is known as growth arrest 1.- Labile cells- continuously dividing cells- they continue to proliferate, remain all the time in cell cycle ...
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...maintenance of cornea, epithelial cells, mucous membranes, skin; * bone and tooth growth; * reproduction; immunity | Retinol: fortified milk, cheese,cream, butter, fortified margarine, eggs, liverBeta-carotene: spinach and other dark leafy greens; broccoli, deep orange fruits (apricots, cantaloupe) and vegetables (squash, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin) | Diseases : Hypovitaminosis ASymptoms : Night blindness, corneal drying (xerosis), triangular gray spots on eye (Bitot’s spots), softening of the cornea (keratomalacia), and corneal degeneration and blindness (xerophthalmia); impaired immunity (infectious diseases); plugging of hair follicles with keratin, forming white lumps (hyperkeratosis) | Diseases : Hypervitaminosis ASymptoms : Chronic : Increased activity of osteoclastsb causing reduced bone density; liver abnormalities; birth defectsAcute : Blurred vision, nausea, vomiting, vertigo; increase of pressure inside skull, mimicking brain tumor; headaches; muscle incoordination | Vitamin D * ergocalciferol (vitamin D2): vitamin D derived from plants in the diet and made from the yeast and plant sterol ergosterol. * cholecalciferol (vitamin D3 or calciol): vitamin D derived from animals in the diet or made in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol, with the help of sunlight. * calcidiol (25-hydroxyvitamin D): vitamin D found in the blood that is made from the hydroxylation of cholecalciferol in the liver. * calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin...
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...| | |[pic] | |RE: Physical Activity | |Professor Reiterman [pic] | |7/16/2014 8:45:21 PM | | | | | |Mary, you are not alone...I'm sure many of us can attest to feeling the same way. What do you think would be a more successful jump start | |to your "healthier living" regimen: making healthier food choices and incorporating regular exercise, beginning an exercise program that | |motivates you to want to eat healthier, or begin to do BOTH at the same time? There is no right or wrong answer, just "food for thought" | |for anyone wanting to think about it. ...
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...Franco, Reina L. Mrs. Luningning O. Marcelino BSN – 4B, B1 Ageism - also called age discrimination is stereotyping of and discrimination against individuals or groups because of their age. It is a set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age based prejudice, discrimination, and subordination.1 Gerontology - is the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging. It is distinguished from geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that studies the diseases of the elderly.2 Geriatric Nursing - Nursing care of the aged patient given in the home, the hospital, or special institutions such as nursing homes, psychiatric institutions, etc.3 Issues Facing the Elderly Being old can mean being sick, poor, hungry and depressed, even in developed nations like Australia. What are the issues? In Australia, the ‘elderly’ is generally a reference to people over the age of 65. Lots of over 65ers lead healthy and empowered lives, and many are involved in community volunteering. But for the elderly, health can be a big concern. Their bodies are more susceptible to illness, they may be physically frail, and many are on medications which are costly and ongoing. An elderly person who is able to fund their own retirement is called a retiree. This means they had a job that paid them enough superannuation. Someone who is unable to fund their own retirement, and is paid welfare money by the government is called a pensioner. Pensioners...
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...1. | CHAPTER 4 QUIZ ALL | | The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | biosynthesis. | | B. | anabolism. | | C. | photosynthesis. | | D. | glycogenesis. | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 2. | | | Which of the following breakfasts would be highest in carbohydrate? | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | Grapefruit half, 2 fried eggs, 3 bacon slices, 1 slice of toast with butter, coffee | | B. | 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, English muffin with jelly, 1 cup whole milk | | C. | 8 ounces orange juice, 2 bran muffins, 8 ounces nonfat yogurt, coffee | | D. | 1 cup whole milk, 2 ounces sausage, 2 fried eggs, 1 slice of toast with butter | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 3. | | | fv | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | glucose | | B. | fructose | | C. | glycogen | | D. | lactose | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 4. | | | If you had the condition phenylketonuria, which should you not use? | | | Student Response | Feedback | A. | Acesulfame-K | | B. | Aspartame | | C. | High fructose corn syrup | | D. | Saccharin | | | Score: | 1/1 | | | 5. | | | In the U.S. diet, carbohydrate supplies approximately what percentage of total kcalories? | | | Student...
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...ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS METHODOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS Edited by Kenji Suzuki Artificial Neural Networks - Methodological Advances and Biomedical Applications Edited by Kenji Suzuki Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivana Lorkovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright Bruce Rolff, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published March, 2011 Printed in...
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...62118 0/nm 1/n1 2/nm 3/nm 4/nm 5/nm 6/nm 7/nm 8/nm 9/nm 1990s 0th/pt 1st/p 1th/tc 2nd/p 2th/tc 3rd/p 3th/tc 4th/pt 5th/pt 6th/pt 7th/pt 8th/pt 9th/pt 0s/pt a A AA AAA Aachen/M aardvark/SM Aaren/M Aarhus/M Aarika/M Aaron/M AB aback abacus/SM abaft Abagael/M Abagail/M abalone/SM abandoner/M abandon/LGDRS abandonment/SM abase/LGDSR abasement/S abaser/M abashed/UY abashment/MS abash/SDLG abate/DSRLG abated/U abatement/MS abater/M abattoir/SM Abba/M Abbe/M abbé/S abbess/SM Abbey/M abbey/MS Abbie/M Abbi/M Abbot/M abbot/MS Abbott/M abbr abbrev abbreviated/UA abbreviates/A abbreviate/XDSNG abbreviating/A abbreviation/M Abbye/M Abby/M ABC/M Abdel/M abdicate/NGDSX abdication/M abdomen/SM abdominal/YS abduct/DGS abduction/SM abductor/SM Abdul/M ab/DY abeam Abelard/M Abel/M Abelson/M Abe/M Aberdeen/M Abernathy/M aberrant/YS aberrational aberration/SM abet/S abetted abetting abettor/SM Abeu/M abeyance/MS abeyant Abey/M abhorred abhorrence/MS abhorrent/Y abhorrer/M abhorring abhor/S abidance/MS abide/JGSR abider/M abiding/Y Abidjan/M Abie/M Abigael/M Abigail/M Abigale/M Abilene/M ability/IMES abjection/MS abjectness/SM abject/SGPDY abjuration/SM abjuratory abjurer/M abjure/ZGSRD ablate/VGNSDX ablation/M ablative/SY ablaze abler/E ables/E ablest able/U abloom ablution/MS Ab/M ABM/S abnegate/NGSDX abnegation/M Abner/M abnormality/SM abnormal/SY aboard ...
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