...Is type 2 diabetes a public health emergency? Definition: The term ‘diabetes mellitus’ describes a metabolic disorder of multiple causes characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrates , fats and protein metabolism which results in abnormal insulin secretion or/ and insulin action. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long-term damage dysfunction and failure of various organs (WHO). Types of diabetes: There are two main types of Diabetes: * Type 1diabetes (T1B) which usually develops in childhood and adolescence and the patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. * Type 2 diabetes (T2B) usually occurs in adulthood and it is also related to obesity as well as lack of physical activity and unhealthy diets. This is the more common type of diabetes (representing 90% of diabetes cases worldwide) and treatment may involve lifestyle modifications and weight loss alone or oral medicines or even insulin injections. * Other categories of diabetes: There are other categories of diabetes which includes gestational diabetes (a state of hyperglycaemia which develops during pregnancy) and other rarer causes (genetic syndromes, acquired processes such as pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis or exposure to certain drugs, viruses and unknown causes). Burden of diabetes: * The development of diabetes is projected to reach pandemic proportions over the next 10-20 years. * International diabetes federation data showed in 2025 the number...
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...Heroin Samantha Garza COM/172 02/29/2012 William Pinney Heroin “She was in a coma. She suffered brain damage and was paralyzed from the neck down; her one-time heroin use left her needing around-the-clock care.” (Bubala 2011, pgs. 1-2). This is an example of what Heroin can do to a young adult who tried the drug for the first time. Although Heroin may be a satisfying new experimental drug to young adults, Heroin is an addictive drug that destroys the human body, and can kill chronic users. The topics to be discussed in this essay are: What is Heroin, the bad effects Heroin has on the body, and what Heroin can lead to. What is Heroin? According to The Partnership (2011), “Heroin is a depressant that affects the brains pleasure systems and interferes with the brains ability to perceive pain” (Pg. 1). Research has shown that Heroin is an addictive drug imitated from the drug called Morphine. The Partnership (2011) indicates that Heroin is created from the Opium Poppy plant. The way Heroin is created is by the seeds from the Opium Poppy, which are crushed until it forms the powder substance. This powder substance is known to be called Morphine. According to Stop Heroin (2008-2012) the Opium Poppy plant are grown in numerous places. Here are just a few examples of where the Opium is grown, Southern America, Afghanistan, China, and Eastern Europe. Heroin is a powdery substance that will look white, brown, or black depending on what it is mixed with...
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...Exam #4 Review Comprehensive and/or early Weeks Know all conditions that cause splenomegaly All associated diseases with EBV Week 1 Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation Types of necrosis and pathology where most likely found. Apply the definitions of Atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, hypoplasia, dysplasia, and metaplasia. Week 2 Pain Throughout Organ Systems General anatomy of kidneys, appendix, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, male and female reproductive organs. Costochondritis vs Angina Pectoris vs Myocardial Infarctions. Rheumatoid arthritis Gout lab findings Week 3 Fluid Balance and Edema Electrolyte imbalances of sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Intra and Extra cellular concentrations of sodium and potassium as related to osmotic balance. Know the physical signs/symptoms of electrolyte imbalances including hyper and hypo natremia, kalemia, and calcemia. SIADH lab and imaging findings Diabetes insipidus lab and imaging findings Week 4 Topic 4 Acidosis and Alkalosis Know your acid-bases! Week 5 Topic 5 Cardiovascular Causes of Fatigue Cor-pulmonale, cardiomyopathies Week 6 Topic 6 Thyroid, Adrenal, Liver Fatigue Hashimoto’s thyroiditis vs. DeQuervain vs. nodular goiter vs. secondary hypothyroidism Cirrhosis, Addison disease lab tests and hormone responsible. Is it high or low? Week 7 Topic 7 Bleeding as Indicator of Disease Pathophysiology of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Pathophysiology of Hemophilia Ulcers Week 8...
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...Custom Modern Medicine Versus Alternative Medicine essay paper sampleBuy custom Modern Medicine Versus Alternative Medicine essay paper cheapThis paper argues that the traditional medicine is the most effective and more reliable when it comes to treating a disease. On the most part, the paper will argue using the Traditional Chinese Medicine as its basis. This is because it’s the most advanced traditional medicine to date and a lot of research has been conducted about it. Additionally, it has been legalized in most countries.Modern medicine can be thought of as medicine that has been chemically developed in the laboratories by experts. Due to its modernity and the fact that it is developed by experts, it is the more trusted by people and governments worldwide. On the other hand, alternative or traditional medicine is medicine that is developed from herbs or treatment that is not chemically inspired. This is the type of medicine that was used in the past before there were proper and extensive studies on the chemicals. Many people have always had preferences between the two types of medications. However, the most important factor of any medication is that it should be capable of treating the respective ailment. But of the two types of medicines, which is more effective? Simply, which should be the more trusted to treat an ailment?Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) differs with Modern medicine primarily on the fundamental principles. TCM makes use of the ‘Yin and Yang’ theory as...
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...The purpose of this essay is review the strategies that are aimed at either preventing obesity or decreasing the burden of health related issues caused by obesity that currently exists within Australia. Obesity is identified as one of the Australia’s National Health Priority areas. Globally obesity ranks as the fifth leading cause of mortality. Obesity is also a major contributor to the burden of diabetes at 44%, ischaemic heart disease at 23% and around 7 to 41% for certain cancers.1 In this essay I will be focusing on childhood obesity, where it is estimated that in 2010, 43 million children under the age of 5 years will be categorised as being overweight or obese.1 Queensland unfortunately has the highest rate of obesity within Australia at around 18.5% of the population. Of which 19 to 24% of Australian school age children are overweight or obese.2 Whilst researching this issue I came across Bowen Athletics Club who investigated the influence of improving food choices in their canteen had on their members. Many of their strategies incorporated initiatives that had been tabled within the Eat Well Queensland project, which looked at Social Determinants of health, productivity and cooperation from local and state governments and non-government agencies. I will then conclude that based on evidenced sourced that the actions and strategies that the Bowen Athletics Club used seemed sufficient enough in changing attitudes and behaviours of it’s members. Obesity is caused by an...
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...Approach Theressa Thacker RN Excelsior College Abstract We are all in the process of dying from the day we are born. The prevalence of catastrophic diseases that once killed swiftly such as pneumonia, cholera, and massive heart attacks, have been replaced by chronic and, often, degenerative diseases such as advanced cancers, diabetes, lung disease, and Alzheimer’s, leading to a slow death for most (Gardner, 2012). This places a great financial burden on the Medicare system as well as patient’s families. Atul Gawande (2010) reports that twenty five percent of all Medicare spending is for the five percent of patients who are in their final year of life, and most of that money goes for care in their last couple of months, which is of little apparent benefit (p. 3). Even more concerning is the suffering that many patients are forced to endure due to the lack of other options. Patients must have the right to make autonomous decisions regarding the end of their lives. They need to be confident that those decisions will be upheld, even if they conflict with the wishes of their families or physicians. However, patient confidence in knowing that their final wishes will be met is complicated by a lack of education and empowerment for those who face these difficult decisions (Frank & Anselmi, 2011). The purpose of this essay is to discuss the benefits to patient autonomy and the Medicare budget, by the legalization of physician-assisted suicide and voluntary euthanasia. Legalizing...
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...Sepsis An Overview Health And Social Care Essay ukessays.com /essays/health-and-social-care/sepsis-an-overview-health-and-social-careessay.php Sepsis is an infection of the bloodstream. The infection tends to spread quickly and often is difficult to recognize. One of our roles as a nurse is that of patient advocate, and as such we are closest to the patient, placing us in a key position to identify any subtle changes at their earliest onset and prevent the spread of severe infection. Knowledge of the signs and symptoms of SIRS, sepsis, and septic shock is key to early recognition. Early recognition allows for appropriate treatment to begin sooner, decreasing the likelihood of septic shock and life-threatening organ failure. Once sepsis is diagnosed, early and aggressive treatment can begin, which greatly reduces mortality rates associated with sepsis. sep•sis (ˈsep-səs) n. Sometimes called blood poisoning, sepsis is the body's often deadly response to infection or injury (Merriam-Webster, 2011) Sepsis is a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the immune system's reaction to an infection; it is the leading cause of death in intensive care units (Mayo Clinic Staff, Mayo Clinic 2010). It is defined by the presence of 2 or more SIRS (systemic inflammatory response syndrome) criteria in the setting of a documented or presumed infection (Rivers, McIntyre, Morro, Rivers, 2005 pg 1054). Chemicals that are released into the blood to fight infection trigger widespread inflammation...
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...The aim of this essay is to explore an acute deterioration in the health of an adult I have encountered during a clinical placement, in an acute care setting. The essay will begin with a definition of acute care, followed by the introduction of my patient and predisposing factors. This essay will include an explanation of the significant pathophysiological changes and related clinical manifestations and a critical analysis of the nursing interventions implemented during the acute episode of care, focusing on holistic care, rationale and evidence base. It will then describe the actual deterioration in the patient’s condition, and discuss the nurse’s role in the recognition and assessment of the actual deteriorating condition following the trusts policies. Assessment tools, monitoring, detecting and reporting will be considered. Finally this essay will include a discussion of the importance of multidisciplinary team collaboration in the diagnosis and provision of care during the acute episode, and a discussion on whether the deterioration could have been prevented by identifying any areas of practice which could change in relation to evidence based practice. For the purposes of privacy and confidentiality, in accordance with NMC (2008) code of conduct, the name of the patient will be changed to Peter and the placement area will remain as an acute care setting. According to McFerran (2008) the term “acute” is described as a disease of rapid onset, severe symptoms, and brief duration...
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...sheet case study, ## for free, case study sample about business details, online, 65932 read "how i discovered the secret to dirt cheap lumber & power tools!", how to power tools panasonic cordless - fresh data, 73651 download ebook milwaukee power tools 28v battery product details, cheap woodworking secrets review, cheap woodworking secrets real user experience. case study example generalized anxiety disorder, battery power tools reviews, where to buy cheap power tools, case study format for b.ed, pawn shop power tools, download windows phone power tools 2.5.5 for wp8, power tools for sale in limerick, business case study format outline, buy power tools online cheap, skill power tools price, chronic kidney disease case study ppt, safety switch power tools, nike the sweatshop debate-case study solution, maktec power tools review, online shopping india case study, cost sheet case study, skil power tools price list india, mystic monk coffee case study swot analysis, power tools 64 bit download, outline of case study analysis, cost analysis case study, hr case study with swot analysis, case study data analysis and interpretation, will pawn shops buy power tools, case study format business, case study for coffee shop, case study building structure, bosch power tools pakistan, the body shop case study excel, use of power tools and equipment, case study schizophrenia disorder, bosch power tools johor bahru, power tools companies in dubai, power tools brands rating, whole foods case study...
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...Running header: POLLUTION 1 POLLUTION: MORAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY VANESSA HARRISON HARVEY BUS330 PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING INSTRUCTOR: ANGELA MANLEY AUGUST 14, 2012 Running header: POLLUTION 1 “I do wonder whether there will come a time when we can no longer afford our wastefulness – chemical wastes in rivers, metal wastes everywhere, and atomic wastes buried deep in the earth or sunk in the sea.” – John Steinbeck Pollution is the action of environmental contamination with man-made waste. This includes land, water, and air. Of all the First World countries, the United States is the most polluting nation on Earth. The United States is ranked seventh on pollution control, by only spending 60% of its Gross National Product to help the environment. As a nation we have spent over 120 billions of dollars a year on research and development. The majority of the cost incurred has come from Environmental Quality, our country has consumed over 98 quadrillion Btu of energy in the year 2000 alone. Americans generate five pounds of solid waste every day, creating one ton of solid waste each year. In an average day in the United States, we throw out 200,000 tons of edible food and have thrown 1 million bushels of litter out of our automobiles. The main human contributor for pollution are landfills. It is possible that land pollution can contaminate the air and/or the water. Water pollution is the action of environment contamination...
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...including acute pyelonephritis or kidney infection. It is almost invariably caused by bacteria (Brown et al 2005, Le 2004). The incidence of this disease in pregnancy has decreased in recent years (Dawkins et al 2012), possibly due to improved antenatal care. However, it remains one of the most common complications in pregnancy (Hill et al 2005) affecting 1-2% of pregnant women (Dawkins et al 2012, Hill et al 2005, McCormick 2008). Acute Pylonephritis is the most serious urinary tract infection in pregnancy (Le 2004, McCormick et al 2008) and successful treatment usually requires hospital admission (Jolly and Wing 2010). It is most often seen in nullparous and younger women and there appears to be a link with lower socioeconomic status, diabetes and sickle cell disease, although not with ethnicity (Hill et al 2005, Jolley et al 2012). It is more common in the 2nd and 3rd trimester (Archabald et al 2009, Hazhir 2007, Hill et al 2005) as the presence of urinary pathogens seems to increase as pregnancy advances (Hill et al 2005). There does appear to be an association between repeated urinary tract infections and sexual activity (Bernard et al 2011, Pfau and Sacks 1992). If not effectively treated, acute pyelonephritis may have serious consequences for both the mother and fetus. Urinary tract infections in pregnancy may lead to septic shock, anaemia, respiratory insufficiency, fluid balance disorders, renal scarring, acute kidney injury, chronic renal insufficiency and death (Hill...
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...The purpose of this essay is to critically explore and discuss the holistic care and management of a chosen patient from a recent clinical placement. The patient which has been chosen has had an exacerbation of a chronic problem. Management options which are or have been available to the designated nurse will be critically discussed alongside the justification of the plan of care which will or has been implemented. The role of the registered nurse in relation to safe and effective decision making will be explored. A discussion of the decision making process which has been chosen for the patient will be noted and this will be related to known theoretical models of clinical decision making. It will also critically examine the importance of managing risk in health care to enhance the patient care and outcomes and this will be related to the chosen patient and clinical scenario. Finally it will also critically appraise the evidence base that supports the discussion. The chosen patient is a 42 year old male who has been admitted to the current clinical placement, which is the local spinal injuries centre, after numerous complaints of recurrent urinary tract infections. All patient identifiable information has been changed to protect the patients’ identity in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery (NMC) guidelines regarding confidentiality (NMC, 2004). Mr Scott had previously been an inpatient to the Spinal Unit following a road traffic accident in September 2004, the outcome...
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... Illegal Drugs affect everybody from young kids to grown up adults. Sometimes we see it ruin families and lives of people we care for. This essay is going to go over why drugs should stay illegal and ways we can help people stay off the drugs. First of all let’s talk about some of the drugs and what they are about. The first drug that is going to be talk about is Marijuana. They are trying to legalize that in every state for medical use. There are people who don’t want to see that happen. They want people to realize the effects it has one people. Some of the effects it has on people are “within a few minutes after inhaling marijuana smoke, an individual's heart begins beating more rapidly, the bronchial passages relax and become enlarged, and blood vessels in the eyes expand, making the eyes look red. The heart rate, normally 70 to 80 beats per minute, may increase by 20 to 50 beats per minute or, in some cases, even double. This effect can be greater if other drugs are taken with marijuana.” (Why illegal drugs should stay illegal). Well that could cause a person to have heartache, which is not good. It also gives you a natural high that makes you hungry and when you come down you usually pass out, like if you got drunk. It also impairs a person driving ability and sometimes it can make you see things that are not really there. “A study of 450 individuals found that people who smoke marijuana frequently but do not smoke tobacco have more health problems and miss more days of...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Advanced Proficiency Examination CAPE ® BIOLOGY SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May/June 2008 CXC A10/U2/07 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica, W.I. Telephone: (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: (876) 967-4972 E-mail address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2007, by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados CXC A10/U2/07 ii Contents RATIONALE.....................................................................................................................................................1 AIMS ..................................................................................................................................................................1 SKILLS AND ABILITIES TO BE ASSESSED ...............................................................................................2 PRE-REQUISITES OF THE SYLLABUS .......................................................................................................5 STRUCTURE...
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...Foetal Alcohol Syndrome Table of Contents Table of contents…………………………………………………………… | 2 | Introduction………………………………………………………………… | 3 | Definition of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)…………………………….. | 3 | Characteristics of FAS……………………………………………………… | 4 | Affect of FAS on babies……………………………………………………. | 5 | Affect of alcohol on the brain……………………………………………… | 6 | The role the South African context has played in FAS…………………….| 7 | Conclusion………………………………………………………………….. | 8 | REFERENCES | 9 | Appendix A…………………………………………………………………. | 11 | Appendix B…………………………………………………………………. | 12 | Appendix C…………………………………………………………………. | 13 | | | Introduction South Africa has the highest rate of Foetal Alcohol Syndrome in the world! The draft South African liquor bill released on Monday 6th February 2012 will prohibit the sale of alcohol to pregnant women if it is passed. It is the first time that the South African government has proposed legislation to assist controlling the alcohol intake of women. (“Liquor Surprise for Pregnant Women,” 2012) But is this enough to meaningfully diminish the consumption of alcohol by pregnant women in South Africa? Within this context the following questions will be addressed: What is Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How is FAS characterised? How is a baby affected by Foetal Alcohol Syndrome? How does alcohol affect the brain? What kind of role has the South African...
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