...Santiago Calatrava’s Ciudad de las Artes y Las Ciencias Santiago Calatrava’s Ciudad de las Artes y Las Ciencias Mrs. Crowley 12/06/12 Mrs. Crowley 12/06/12 Fernando Praza A study of Santiago Calatrava’s Ciudade de las Artes y Las Ciencias including in depth looks at El Palau de les Artes Reina Sofia, L’Hemsiferic, El Museu de les Ciencies Principe Felipe, L’Agora, and L’Umbracle. Fernando Praza A study of Santiago Calatrava’s Ciudade de las Artes y Las Ciencias including in depth looks at El Palau de les Artes Reina Sofia, L’Hemsiferic, El Museu de les Ciencies Principe Felipe, L’Agora, and L’Umbracle. Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………..……………..3 El Palau de les Artes Reina Sofia…………………………………….……….………4 L’Hemsiferic………………………………………………………..…………………8 El Museu de les Ciencies Principe Felipe…………………………………….….…..10 L’Agora……………………………………………………………………….….…..13 L’Umbracle……………………………………………………………………..……16 Conclusion………………………………………………………………..…………..17 Figures………………………………………………..………………………………19 Sources………………………………………………………………………………..28 Throughout history, there have been many examples of architecture, and each culture has added different elements to the progression of architecture. From Stonehenge to Falling Water, architecture has grown and evolved with the changing cultures, climates, and eras. Architecture has progressed from a basic need for shelter, to an art form all unto itself. One of the most prominent architects...
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...Journal of International Development J. Int. Dev. 12, 343±369 (2000) PRODUCTIVITY SPILLOVERS FROM TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TO INDIAN MANUFACTURING FIRMS VINISH KATHURIA* Gujarat Institute of Development Research (GIDR), Gota, Ahmedabad, India Abstract: The present paper employs techniques from stochastic production frontier and panel data literature to test a spillover hypothesis for large sized ®rms that `presence of foreign-owned ®rms and foreign technical capital stock in a sector leads to reduced dispersion in eciency in the sector and fall is higher for the ®rms that invest in R&D activities'. Dispersion being a relative concept, it may still fall if both the leading foreign ®rm and domestic ®rms show fall in technical eciency over the period and the fall for the leader is higher and vice versa. Given the focus of the study, where concern is for the learning by the domestic ®rms, the study tries to get around with the problem partially, by testing the hypothesis for those local ®rms that have shown productivity improvement over the period. Results suggest that foreign-owned ®rms are close to the frontier in 13 of the total 26 sectors studied. Spillovers result for these 13 sectors indicate that there exist negative spillovers from the presence of foreign ®rms in the sector, but available foreign technical capital stock has a positive impact. Interesting dierences emerge when the sample is bifurcated into scienti®c and non-scienti®c subgroups. Results for the scienti®c...
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...The Green Grid is an association of IT professionals seeking to dramatically raise the energy effi ciency of datacenters through a series of short-term and long-term proposals. This is an update to the very fi rst white paper published by the Green Grid in February 2007 called “Green Grid Metrics: Describing Data Center Power Effi ciency” to refi ne the nomenclature and intent of that paper. In that paper, The Green Grid proposed the use of Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) and its reciprocal, Datacenter Effi ciency (DCE) metrics, which enable datacenter operators to quickly estimate the energy effi ciency of their datacenters, compare the results against other datacenters, and determine if any energy effi ciency improvements need to be made. Since then PUE has received broad adoption in the industry but DCE has had limited success due to the misconception of what data center effi ciency really means. As a result, this paper re-affi rms the use of PUE but redefi nes its reciprocal as datacenter infrastructure effi ciency (DCiE). This refi nement will avoid much of the confusion around DCE and will now be called DCiE. In the long term, The Green Grid is developing metrics to measure data center productivity as well as effi ciency metrics for all major power-consuming subsystems in the datacenter. To promote these metrics and drive greater datacenter energy effi ciency for businesses around the world, The Green Grid will publish future white papers that provide detailed...
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...eScholarship provides open access, scholarly publishing services to the University of California and delivers a dynamic research platform to scholars worldwide. Title: Lifecycle emission impacts of subsidies for energy efficiency: Evidence from CashforClunkers Author: Rajagopal, Deepak, University of California - Los Angeles Publication Date: 03-22-2011 Series: Recent Work Publication Info: Recent Work, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, UC Los Angeles Permalink: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mq9j9bz Keywords: transportation, fuel, biofuel, energy efficiency, subsidy, pollution, lifecycle assessment Abstract: One popular policy option to address environmental and economic concerns arising from current patterns of energy use is to subsidize increase in energy efficiency or renewable energy. In this paper we evaluate the lifecycle environmental benets of the Car Allowance Rebate System (CARS) (or commonly `Cash-for-clunkers') which provided a subsidy for voluntary early retirement and replacement of low fuel economy automobiles with new, higher fuel economy vehicles. We nd that the estimates of benets hinge crucially on the assumption about what type of vehicle would have been purchased in the counterfactual scenario. Estimates are signicantly less sensitive to assumptions about the remaining useful life of vehicles traded-in and the rebound eect. Our prediction is that CARS program lead to a reduction of 9.1 to 17.8 million metric...
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...These should be installed in the same room, operate simultaneously and share a single controller. Key features Twin operation is possible with all light commercial indoor units. Precise capacity control at all conditions. Ideal for large shops, open-plan o ces and other similar applications. User-friendly controls. Compact outdoor unit for easy installation. Twinning requires a connection kit that includes an electromagnetic noise suppressor and pipe joint. 29 Super Digital Inverter (series 4) − Technical speci cations heat pump - twin system Outdoor unit Indoor unit RAVRAVIndoor unit model Cooling capacity Cooling capacity (min. – max.) Power input, cooling EER Energy e ciency class, cooling Annual energy consumption Heating capacity Heating range (min. – max.) Power input, heating COP Energy e ciency class, heating kWh kW kW kW W/W kW kW kW W/W SP1104AT-E SM564UT-E SP1404AT-E SM804UT-E SP1104AT-E SM562MUT-E Compact 4way cassette 10 2,6 – 12,0 2,67 3,75 A 1580 11,2 2,4 – 13,0 2,67 4,19 A 10 2,6 – 12,0 2,94 3,4 A 1470 11,2 2,4 – 13,0 2,77 4,04 A SP1104AT-E SM562BT-E SP1404AT-E SM802BT-E SP1104AT-E SM562CT-E SP1404AT-E SM802CT-E SP1104AT-E SM562KRT-E SP1404AT-E SM802KRT-E 4-way cassette 10 2,6 – 12,0 2,21 4,52 A 1105 11,2 2,4 – 13,0 2,34 4,79 A 12,5 2,6 – 14,0 3,16 3,96 14 2,4 – 16,5 3,21 4,36 - Ducted 12,5 2,6 – 14,0 3,83 3,26 14 2,4 – 16,5 3,41 4,11 10 Ceiling 12,5 2,6 – 14,0 3,73 3,35 14 2,4 – 16,5 3,65 3,84 10 High-wall 12,3 2,6 – 13,5 3,88 3,17 14 2,4 – 16,5...
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...Marking-to-Market: Panacea or Pandora’s Box? Guillaume Plantin London Business School Haresh Sapra University of Chicago GSB Hyun Song Shin Princeton University August 13, 2007 Abstract Financial institutions have been at the forefront of the debate on the controversial shift in international standards from historical cost accounting to mark-to-market accounting. We show that the trade—o s at stake in this debate are far from one-sided. While the historical cost regime leads to some ine ciencies, marking to market may lead to other types of ine ciencies by injecting artificial risk that degrades the information value of prices, and induces sub—optimal real decisions. We construct a framework that can weigh the pros and cons. We find that the damage done by marking to market is greatest when claims are (i) long—lived, (ii) illiquid, and (iii) senior. These are precisely the attributes of the key balance sheet items of banks and insurance companies. Our results therefore shed light on why banks and insurance companies have been the most vocal opponents of the shift to marking to market. We are grateful to both our editor, Ray Ball, for his advice and comments and to an anonymous referee for many useful comments. We also thank participants at the 2007 Journal of Accounting Research conference as well as participants in various seminars, and, in particular, Doug Diamond, Ron Dye, Xavier Freixas, Milt Harris, Charles Goodhart, Raghu Rajan, Rafael Repullo...
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...Introduction Originated from energy crops, biofuels are increasingly being considered as a sustainable energy source when compared with fossil carbon sources. Interrelated factors have led to increased demand for this green energy. Factors include increased energy demand due to resource depletion and instability in oil producing regions, recent technological breakthroughts in agriculture and concerns over environmental impacts such as climate change (Hall et al., 2009). Biofuel development is in addition driven by rural development, job creation (Kraeussl et al., 2004), increasing energy self-suciency and improving competitiveness (EC, 1996, 1997). In Europe, conventional energy crops appear like widely marketed productions, after Brazil and the USA. This expansion has been spurred by the Kyoto Protocol signed in December 1997 and by the European energy policy. Neverthless, food crops and residues from forestry and agriculture cannot provide all biomass needed to ful ll the high future demand. As a result, second generation biofuels originated from perennial biomass crops has been developed. These crops are characterized by a high land use e eciency and their production indicates a substantial reduction in GreenHouse Gas (GHG) emissions. Among others these crops are annually harvested perennial crops like miscanthus. Miscanthus (Miscanthus x Giganteus)1 is a perennial rhizomatous grass which has its origins in the tropics and subtropics, but di erent species are...
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...NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE The Evolution of Human Skin Color by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Life Sciences Quest University, Canada Part I Skin Cancer “Stop it!” called Tatiana, playfully. Her boyfriend, Zach, was inspecting her skin very carefully. “Look,” he answered her, his voice taking on a more serious tone. “Today a woman walked into the clinic for her annual physical. Everything about her seemed ne. She leads a balanced lifestyle, she eats well, she exercises: she’s healthy! But as she was about to leave, I noticed a mole on her arm. It had many of the warning signs of skin cancer. So, I removed the mole. is woman now has to wait for the lab results to see if it was cancerous. If it is, maybe we caught it early enough to treat it, and maybe not. Either way, her life is changed. I just want to make sure you don’t have any suspicious moles, okay?” Tatiana relented and allowed Zach to examine her skin. She asked: “Do only white people get skin cancer?” “No, people of all skin tone can get skin cancer, but it does occur more frequently in Caucasians.” Questions 1. What are the causes of skin cancer? 2. Why are Caucasians more at risk of skin cancer than other populations? 3. At what age does skin cancer typically occur? Is the incidence of skin cancer greater in youth or old age? “ e Evolution of Human Skin Color” by Annie Prud’homme-Généreux Page NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Part II Skin Pigmentation and...
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...Shaving 20 per cent from its inventories converted Australia’s largest pie maker from a believer in the effi ciency of bar codes, to a champion for the global GS1 standards. So much so, that Patties Foods has become a pioneer in the use of a new supply chain technology. Logistics is big business for Patties. The company behind the iconic Four’n Twenty, Herbert Adams, Patties, Great Australian Pies, Wedgwood and Nanna’s brand, Patties dispatches around 200 pallets of pastries daily from its eastern Victorian factory. At the other end of the supply chain, the company receives truckloads of fresh produce and ingredients every day from dozens of suppliers. Better information demanded by purchasing, planning and production Managing such large volumes of perishable goods means timely, accurate information about ingredients and orders is vital to the pastry manufacturer. Inspired by a GS1 Australia case study, Patties called in GS1 Australia’s Professional Services team in 2003. The time was right, according to Patties General Manager Purchasing and Supply, Joe Rettino. “The retailers had mandated the use of GS1 bar codes on shipping containers and we wanted to make sure we were compliant,” he said. “We could also relate to the experiences of other businesses who had been assisted by GS1 and could see potential benefi ts for us.” As part of GS1 Australia’s ‘Supply Chain Review’, the Professional Services team studied Patties’ operations, scoped a...
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...Universitat de Barcelona Institut de Ciències de l'Educació Secció de Recerca Butlletí LaRecerca ISSN: 1886-1946 / Depósito legal: B.20973-2006 Ficha 7. Octubre, 2006 Fichas para investigadores ________________________________________________________________ ¿Cómo analizar datos cualitativos? ________________________________________________________________ Autora: Fernández Núñez, Lissette. Institut de Ciències de l'Educació. Universitat de Barcelona. ________________________________________________________________ Una de las características de la investigación cualitativa es la paradoja de que aunque muchas veces se estudia a pocas personas, la cantidad de información obtenida es muy grande (Álvarez-Gayou, 2005). Hay multiplicidad de fuentes y formas de datos. Hay información que proviene de observaciones estructuradas o no estructuradas. Otra de entrevistas, ya sean abiertas, estructuradas o etnográficas, y también de medidas menos intrusivas, como documentos cotidianos o especiales, registros o diarios. En algunos estudios puede haber información proveniente de cuestionarios y encuestas, películas y vídeos, o datos provenientes de pruebas de diversos tipos (Miles y Huberman, 1994). La mayor parte de las investigaciones generan una buena cantidad de hojas escritas, transcripciones de entrevistas, de grupos de discusión, de observaciones y de otros tipos de fuentes (Álvarez-Gayou, 2005; Miles y Huberman, 1994). Una característica de la investigación cualitativa...
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...understand how individuals and organizations make decisions about the protection and usage of individuals' data, and what are the consequences of those decisions. In this document, we report on the economic implications of the protection and revelation of personal data. In particular, we present the evolution of the economic theory of privacy (Section 2), we examine current privacy-related trade-o s for data subjects and data holders (Section 3), and we highlight the current economic debate on privacy protection (Section 4). 1.1 The Boundaries of the Economics of Privacy Before commencing our analysis, we alert the reader of the boundaries inherent to an eco- nomic approach to the privacy debate. First of all, in the rest of the document our focus will be, primarily, on information privacy - that is, on the issues associated with the collection and usage of individuals' personal information (Westin, 1970). We take this approach be- cause, while privacy is a multi-faceted concept, most of the relevant contemporary economic research focuses on consumers' data . Our focus on informational privacy and consumer data, however, should not be construed as a denial of the existence of other dimensions to the pri- vacy debate, which may be more dicult to capture in economic terms (Solove (2006), for instance, distinguishes between privacy issues associated with the collection, processing, or dissemination of personal data, and privacy issues associated with...
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...“work hard”. Aims: This paper examines the impact of “study habits, skills, and attitudes” (SHSAs) on the performance of students in an introductory nancial accounting college course. Sample: 395 2 nd year business students in a Philippine university. Method: Data related to variables found to have inuenced accounting performance in previous researches as well as SHSA variables are collected through student survey and school records. They are treated as independent variables using multiple regression analysis, with the accounting course nal grade as the dependent variable. The paper also examines the factors that differentiate high- from low-performing students. Results: The study found that math prociency, English prociency, high school accounting, and academic aptitude inuence accounting performance, supporting the ndings of many previous researches on cognitive factors. Among the SHSA factors, only student perception of teacher effectiveness and level of effort inuence accounting performance....
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...CASE 45 AIDS, Condoms, and Carnival Plus, Latin-style machismo leaves women with little bargaining power. Only 14 percent of Brazilian heterosexual men used condoms last year, according to AIDSCAP, an AIDS prevention program funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development. In other studies, many women said they would not ask their partner to use a condom, even if they knew he was sleeping with others. “Women are afraid of asking their men to have safe sex, afraid of getting beaten, afraid of losing their economic support,” says Guido Carlos Levi, a director at the health department at Emilio Ribas Hospital. “This is not Mexico, but we’re quite a machoistic society here.” The frequency with which Latin men stray from monogamous relationships has compounded the problem. In studies conducted in Cuba by the Pan American Health Organization, 49 percent of men and 14 percent of women in stable relationships admitted they had had an affair in the past year. In light of statistics showing AIDS as the number one killer of women of childbearing age in São Paulo state, public health offi cials launched a campaign promoting the female condom. The hope is that it will help women—especially poor women—protect themselves and their children. But the female condom seemed unlikely to spark a latex revolution when it hit city stores. The price is $2.50 apiece—more than three times the price of most male condoms. The Family Health Association is asking the government...
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...CAse Study REPORT PUE DATA CENTER EFFICIENCY MEASUREMENT Introduction One of the metrics used for measuring datacenter efficiency is Power Usage Effectiveness, or PUE. PUE compares the power consumption for the entire facility with the power consumed by the core IT components—servers, storage and network equipment. This ratio illustrates how effectively the power being consumed translates into net compute capacity. Mathematically, the calculation is straightforward: For example, if one watt is being consumed by the servers and one watt is being consumed for the supporting cooling, power back up and other administrative use, the ratio would be 2.0—which is where most datacenters operate. The theoretical ideal PUE is 1.0, where the only energy consumed is for computation. The value of this metric is that it focuses on the non-value added use of power, which in a datacenter is anything that doesn’t compute or store information. PUE = Total Facility Power/ IT Equipment Power Below is an Example to calculate the PUE: Having a facility that uses 100,000 kW of total power of which 80,000 kW is used to power your IT equipment, would generate a PUE of 1.25. The 100,000 kW of total facility power divided by the 80,000 kW of IT power Total Facility Power is defined to be “power as measured at the utility meter”. IT Equipment Power is defined as “the load associated with all of the IT equipment”...
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...South African Reserve Bank Working Paper Series WP/13/04 South African Capital Markets: An Overview Shakill Hassan October 2013 South African Reserve Bank Working Papers are written by staff members of the South African Reserve Bank and on occasion by consultants under the auspices of the Bank. The papers deal with topical issues and describe preliminary research findings, and develop new analytical or empirical approaches in their analyses. They are solely intended to elicit comments and stimulate debate. The views expressed in this Working Paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of the South African Reserve Bank or South African Reserve Bank policy. While every precaution is taken to ensure the accuracy of information, the South African Reserve Bank shall not be liable to any person for inaccurate information, omissions or opinions contained herein. South African Reserve Bank Working Papers are externally refereed. Information on South African Reserve Bank Working Papers can be found at http://www.resbank.co.za/Research/ResearchPapers/WorkingPapers/Pages/WorkingPapers-Home.aspx Enquiries Head: Research Department South African Reserve Bank P O Box 427 Pretoria 0001 Tel. no.: +27 12 313-3911 0861 12 SARB (0861 12 7272) © South African Reserve Bank All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without fully acknowledging the author(s) and this...
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