...daily activities, causing more harm than good to anyone who is found with this atypical behavior. Anorexia, the most dangerous psychological order, is characterized by an excessive amount of weight loss caused by refusal of eating food. According to the DSM5, in order to be diagnosed with Anorexia one must be fearful of gaining weight, be significantly concerned with the shape of one’s body, and refuse to intake an appropriate amount of food in a persistent manner (DSM5). Anorexia can be very deadly, and a person who has this illness must undergo intervention as soon as possible. Anorexia, also know as Anorexia nervosa, comes in many different forms in each...
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...Team C Abnormal Psychology and Therapy Laura Carranza Armanda Meadows Quoc Nguyen Andrea Sanchez Julann Wygal PSY/300 May 8, 2012 Mary Madrigal PhD Abnormal Psychology and Therapy The purpose of this paper is to discuss abnormal psychology and therapy. First this paper will define what abnormal psychology is. Then this paper will compare and contrast normal and abnormal psychology. Then the paper will examine at least two mental disorders from the perspective of psychology. Next the paper will examine two mental illnesses from the perspective of psychology. Finally the paper will discuss the similarities and difference among two different therapies in the schools of thought in psychology for treating mental disorders. Normal and Abnormal Psychology Normal vs. Abnormal Psychology The study of "normal" psychology is simply the study of someone who is in good health both mentally and physically. Said person adheres to and is responsive to social norms, and engages in activities that are socially acceptable and do not stray from the norm. Normal psychology is the study of the mind and the study of behavior. When unusual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion are studied, it falls under the branch of psychology called Abnormal psychology. The control and understanding of behavior that is considered to be deviant or aberrant either statistically or morally, has been the subject of much research and debate. Psychologists who focus on abnormal psychology identify the...
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...Doyle and Peter Doyle are both co-directors and licensed psychologists. Co-authoring many articles and book chapters, Dr. Angela Doyle also presents her work at national and international conferences. Dr. Peter Doyle authored and pre-authored numerous articles and book chapters in peer-reviewed journals and delivers invited speaks of eating disorders at notional and international conferences. Angela Davis earned a Ph.D. in clinical psychology worked at Harborview Medical Center on a study evaluating cognitive behavior therapy for over-weight and obese adults with binge eating disorders. She has also received extensive training in the latest version of cognitive-behavior therapy for eating disorder. Dr. Davis has authored and co-authored book chapters and research articles and journals. She has presented her work at national and international conferences. She is also an active member of the Academy for eating disorder, and the Association for Behavioral and cognitive therapies. Alison Leary received her Ph.D. in Child Clinical Psychology and has extensive experience...
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...D., J. J. (2013, November-December). Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Children with Autism: Review and Considerations for Future Research. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 34(9), 702-715. This article describes the techniques and results of cognitive behavioral therapy for children with autism. Cognitive behavioral therapy is commonly used for children with an autism spectrum disorder. The therapy addresses the child’s anxiety, disruptive behavior, and core autism symptoms. Evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy is possibly efficacious for anxiety and autism symptoms. Garfinkel, M.D., P. E., Kline, M.D., S. A., & Stancer, Ph.D., M.D., H. C. (1973, December). Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa Using Operant Conditioning Techniques. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 157(6), 428-433. This article describes using operant conditioning techniques of female patients with anorexia nervosa. Each patient had a certain criteria that had to be met in order to be a part of the study. Patients were observed for a full week and goals were set for daily and weekly weight gain. Patients were rewarded with certain privileges if goals were met but if a goal was not met than no reward was given. Graham, M. A., Sauerheber, J. D., & Britzman, M. J. (2013, April) Choice Theory and Family Counseling A Pragmatic, Culturally Sensitive Approach. The Family Journal, 21(2), 230-234. Choice theory and reality therapy is used during counseling sessions but...
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...eating disorder brings about the effects of bingeing and purging. People, suffering from bulimia nervosa, frequently eat a lot of food at one time. A short period after eating the food, the person, then, attempts to remove the food from his or her system by vomiting, through medication that creates bowl movements, or by working out. Working out would lead them to throwing up. People diagnosed with bulimia nervosa are, often, lacking self-esteem. Many are self-conscious about their image. Majority of individuals, suffering from bulimia nervosa, have weight problems or believe that they have weight problems. Bulimia is associated with other illnesses, as well. An example includes depression. Bulimia nervosa shares many characteristics of anorexia nervosa....
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...THERAPY PLAN COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY Baron Jones Southern New Hampshire University, Online This paper will focus on the theoretical part of this case study that is how we can help the 23yrear old girl overcome the disorder that she is suffering from. Additionally the paper will incorporate the counseling knowledge gained in this course for example ways of dealing with patients in terms of being patient with the victim since the recovery process does not happen over a day it is a step by step process as the patient gains the ability to overcome the feeling and thought that make her regurgitating food and deal with the fear she has of being overweight and her friends calling her fat as the mother and friends explained. We will apply the cognitive theory of depression to help her since experts have confirmed that the techniques that the theory proposes are actually effective especially in dealing with eating disorders. This is just a recap of what we are going to discuss in this paper so let being our detailed discussion. THE COGNITIVE BEHAVIOR THEORY To being our discussion we are going to talk about the cognitive behavior theory, and as we mentioned earlier cognitive behavior has been proven to be the best method of dealing with psychotherapeutic disorders and for our case we are going to use it to develop a therapy plan to help the 23year old girl overcome her eating disorder. Additionally, cognitive behavior therapy has its advantage and disadvantage and as we have mentioned...
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...The eating disorders—anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorder NOS, which includes binge eating disorder—are actually entities or syndromes and are not considered to be specific diseases. It is not known if they share a common cause and pathology; therefore, it is more appropriate to conceptualize them as syndromes on the basis of the cluster of symptoms they present to be specific diseases. It is not known if they share a common cause and pathology; therefore, it is more appropriate to conceptualize them as syndromes on the basis of the cluster of symptoms they present Genetic There is a strong genetic link for eating disorders. In fact, data from community-based twin studies have suggested that the heritability is greater than 50% Neurobiological Research demonstrates that altered brain serotonin function contributes to dysregulation of appetite, mood, and impulse control in the eating disorders Newer brain imaging capabilities allow for more research into etiological factors of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa Psychological Factors Because anorexia nervosa was observed primarily in girls approaching puberty, early psychoanalytic theories linked the symptoms to an unconscious aversion to sexuality. By maintaining a childlike body, the patient avoids the anxiety associated with developing into a mature sexual being Environmental Factors The Western cultural ideal that equates feminine beauty to tall, thin models has received much attention in the media...
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...Institution] Analysis of Eating Disorders Introduction Eating disorders are fairly common these days because the subjects are so overly concerned about their shape and size of the body that they tend to sacrifice their health in trying to make themselves look good. Furthermore, the societal requirements and benchmarks of appearances and the needs to be accepted also trigger the negative thoughts that lead to such disorders. This paper talks about the different types of eating disorders. It also mentions the medical and behavioral symptoms that the subjects experience and the medical problems that they may result to suffer as a consequence of the behaviors which result from such disorders. Furthermore, it also talks about the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. It also discusses the efficiency of CBT; the techniques used by it to counter the problems of the subjects and also mention the advantages and disadvantages of using this method of therapy. Eating disorder: With the growing influence of social media and the trends of selfies, people are becoming increasingly concerned about their physical appearances. The body weight has always been a major concern of women but with the increased exposure is a relevant reason for the increased concern. Furthermore, the concept of fast food is also leading to certain habits that may cause eating disorders. The concept where the simple act of eating can lead to become a disorder is rather complicated and it will be discussed in the...
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...Introduction to Anorexia It is a normal phenomenon of people trying to maintain their body weight and shed some extra pounds. Everyone wants to look fit and give special attention to their lifestyle. However this urge of wanting to look slim and fit may not always be regarded as healthy or ordinary. There are circumstances where the urge of wanting to look slim may result as a psychological disorder known as anorexia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa is the most familiar, though not the most common of eating disorder, perhaps due to its seemingly continuous media attention. Consequently many myths and misunderstandings have arisen (Lask & Watson, 2016). For example, when one talks about anorexia, they tend to feel it more like a choice or a lifestyle;...
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...On the contrary, Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is usually short term with a focus on helping clients deal with very specific problems. It is primarily geared towards assisting clients with learning how to identify and change disturbing or dysfunctional thought patterns which influence their behaviors negatively. Essentially cognitive behavioral therapy has a main goal of teaching clients to realize that despite not having control over every aspect of the world they are a part of, they are able to control how they interpret and cope with things in their surroundings. Likewise, cognitive behavior therapy has been found to facilitate strong therapeutic alliance as a result of its focus on psychoeducation, skill development, collaboration and the goal of immediate symptom relief which have been successful in improving psychological...
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...Anorexia nervosa is a disorder characterized by abnormal eating behaviors. People with anorexia have a fear of gaining weight which causes them to try and maintain a low weight. They will do anything to prevent weight gain. This includes starvation and exercising too much. They do this because not only do they have the fear of gaining weight they have a distorted body image which means even if they are extremely thin they will believe that they are overweight. (Ehrlich, 2015). Anorexia is not really about food and weight at its core. Many eating disorders are much more complicated than that and they run a lot deeper than just appearance. The real cause of the disorder could be depression, loneliness, insecurity or feeling out of control. Typically,...
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...EMOTIONAL COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosa Restricting type anorexia binge-eating/purging type anorexia Bulimia nervosa eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) binge eating disorder (BED) Anorexia nervosa- Refusal to maintain body weight at or above minimally normal weight for age and height (less than 85% of expectable weight). (p. 279) Restricting type anorexia – Anorexia in which the individual loses weight by severely restricting food intake. (p. 280). binge-eating/purging type anorexia- Anorexia in which the individual loses weight by bingeing and purging. Bulimia nervosa- A disorder involving repeated binge eating followed by compensatory measures to avoid weight gain. Purging type bulimia Bulimia in which the individual tries to avoid weight gain from binges by physically removing ingested food from her body, usually through vomiting or the use of laxatives. Non-purging type bulimia- Bulimia in which the individual tries to avoid weight gain from binges by burning off calories, usually through fasting or engaging in excessive exercise. EDNOS- eating behaviors that are disordered but do not meet diagnostic criteria for either anorexia or bulimia nervosa (p. 283). Ex. People who meet the diagnostic criteria for anorexia while maintaining...
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...Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder that is characterized by the refusal to sustain a healthy weight (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Many believe that anorexia is more common amongst Caucasian women, but anorexia occurs throughout all cultures and races. AN has the highest mortality rate of an psychiatric disorder (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Every major organ system is affected because of the malnutrition that anorexia causes. People with anorexia look in the mirror and see a distorted image rather than what is reality. Victims of anorexia see someone that is huge when in actuality they may be average size and weight. Once a person is diagnosed with anorexia it is hard for them to recover. Not only is it hard for a person with AN to recover, it is also extremely easy to relapse. It takes intense therapy and treatment to cure someone with anorexia. AN exists in every culture and race; it varies amongst African Americans differently as opposed to other cultures. Symptoms of anorexia include an intense fear of gaining weight, refusal to keep body weight up, and amenorrhea for 3 consecutive months (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Amenorrhea is the abnormal absence of menstruation. Some other symptoms of AN are lanugo, joint swelling, dental cavities, tooth loss, and abdominal distension (Kumar, Tung, & Iqbai, 2010). Lanugo is the growth of fine white hair that grows when anorexics have no body fat left to keep themselves warm (Morrisey, 2010). There also...
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...psychological disorders appropriate for each therapy. {Psychodynamic Approaches} {Behavioral Approaches} {Cognitive Approaches} Summary of Approach Psychodynamic approaches involve seeking out unresolved past conflicts and unacceptable impulses from the unconscious into the conscious, where people deal with problems more effectively. This technique also tries to figure out why individuals employ defense mechanisms that are associated with coping when Confronted with conflicts. Childhood or past memories that are buried deep or ones that you want to forget are brought to attention to be discussed. Behavioral treatments build on the basic processes of learning, such as reinforcement and extinction, and assume that normal and abnormal behaviors are both learned. This means that abnormal behaviors learned from the past are addressed so the person can modify their behavior through some type of conditioning to reduce the frequency of the undesired behavior. A cognitive approach teaches people to think more adaptively by changing their dysfunctional cognitions about the world and themselves. This helps people understand the thought and feelings that influence behavior, which then addresses how to change their thinking and behavior. This often uses the basic principles of learning which challenges their assumptions on how to act and adopt new approaches to old problems. Disorders appropriate for this therapy Disorders appropriate for this therapy includes: PTSD(post traumatic stress...
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...been found to affect a large number of people. The disorder does not discriminate against gender, age group, or socioeconomic status although it’s more common in the female gender. The three most common types of this psychological disorder include Anorexia, Bulimia, and Binge eating. Anorexia is found in a person who refuses to eat or eats a minimal amount to cause severe weight loss. Bulimia involves a person who consumes a large amount of food and then seeks to purge himself of the caloric intake. Most commonly this is accomplished by vomiting. The third type, binge eating, is similar to bulimia accept in this particular case there is no attempt by the individual to compensate for the caloric intake. In the following research paper the causes, clinical findings, and treatment of each of these disorders will be discussed to determine how each varies from one another. Anorexia nervosa is a psychological disorder that is caused by self-induced starvation resulting in severe weight loss. It is considered a psychological disorder because it primarily affects healthy young individuals, mostly commonly young women, who have developed an obsession with becoming thin. It is estimated that 0.5 to 3.7 percent of females suffer from anorexia nervosa in their lifetime (Stunkard, J. A., & Wilson, T., 2008.) The exact cause is not known, but attitudes towards physical appearance and family issues effect its development. Feasting on large amounts of food and then vomiting or use of laxatives...
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