...PSY 330 Week 4 DQ 1 Cognitive Theory To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/PSY-330-ASH/PSY-330-Week-4-DQ-1-Cognitive-Theory Review the week’s reading on cognitive and cognitive-behavioral theories of personality, which have significant application in the treatment of abnormal behavior. Select one of the options below and develop a case study that could use one of the therapy techniques listed to treat a patient exhibiting an abnormal behavior. Indicate in your post which option you selected. Option A: Discuss the theory underlying Rational Emotive Therapy. Why does this approach lend itself so well as a therapy? Develop a short, fictional case study of a client with an abnormal behavior. Describe how you would approach the treatment of this disorder with cognitive therapy and why cognitive therapy would be appropriate for the treatment of this disorder. Your initial post should be a minimum of 250 words and utilize at least one peer-reviewed source that was published within the last five years, cited according to APA guidelines as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. Option B: Discuss the theory underlying Beck’s Cognitive Therapy. Why does this approach lend itself so well as a therapy? Develop a short, fictional case study of a client with an abnormal behavior. Describe how you would approach the treatment of this disorder with cognitive therapy and why cognitive therapy would be appropriate for the treatment of this disorder. Your...
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...Brennan Tracy PSY 204 SU 15 Professional Journal Assignment Bjorklund, D. (Ed.). (2013). Children's strategies: Contemporary views of cognitive development. Psychology Press. Introduction The text by Bjorklund (B.D.) breaks down the views of the children of the world and the stages of cognitive development and how it has been most and least effective when the developing child has shown some type of reaction. Method B.D. took a group of school aged children (five years to nine years of age) and divided them into what he believe to be the correct development groupings. He did so without any prior knowledge based on their educational backgrounds or scores. After having them answer a series of questionnaires, he looked at the results and found the results startling. They laid out that just because a child is the same age as another child, doesn’t mean that he/she is necessarily on the same cognitive plane that the other’s would be. Results The results were pretty straight forward, with the children of the same ages not all being on the same cognitive level as the all others their age, those leveled the same are put were put in groups and much more effective learning happened. Almost 100% of student showed positive improvement once bunched in with others suffering from the same learning disorder or simply not yet developed into a cognitive level he or she is supposed to reach at their current age. Abstract During the last 25 years, research into cognitive grouping and...
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...Human Development Amber Jones PSY 280-Human Growth and Development October 13, 2012 Linda Baker Human Development The growth and development of humans is a very interesting topic to discuss with anyone. There are so many theories that people have on human development and it always makes for interesting conversations. In this paper, I will put focus on the psychoanalytic theory, the stages of psychosocial development theory, and the stages of faith theory. I will focus on the three theories because I feel that they are extremely interesting to the growth and development of humans. To be more specific, I want to focus on exactly what the theories are and how they are important and/or related to the human growth and development. As well, I want to focus on at least on theorist who is known specifically for the theory I focus on. I also want to identify the aspects of the life span from that theory’s perspective. Last, but definitely not least, I want to discuss in detail how the heredity and the environment have influence on human development. By the end of the paper, you as the reader, should have a better understanding of the three theories of my choosing and how human development works. Psychoanalytical Theory The first theory related to human growth and development that I want to focus on is the psychoanalytical theory. With this specific theory, the personality organization and the development of the personality dynamics is he focus. Probably the most...
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...1 Cognitive Psychology Dustin Finn PSY/360 September 20, 2015 Melissa Jackson 2 Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology can be defined as the study of the mind and mental functions. Some of these functions include learning, memory, and perception. Other functions are reasoning, language and decision making. Cognition has been studied recently as being a complex computing system. However, scientists began studying this form of psychology as early as the 1800’s. While it contains some flaws, it did create some milestones for cognitive psychology. The Beginning of Cognitive Psychology Back in 1868, a scientist named Franciscus Donders became interested in determining on how long it takes to make a decision. He used reaction time to try and formulate decision making. We learned from Donders studies, that mental processes cannot be measured directly. In, fact we base our findings from certain behaviors, biological changes and behavioral changes as they are affected by biological differences. In 1879, we saw the beginning of structuralism. Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Tichner focused on the conscious experience. They tried to find a “periodic table” for the mind and used an analytic introspection method. In regards to cognitive psychology, they emphasized a systematic, controlled observation. Wundt and Tichner emphasized the importance of understanding the structure of the mind and higher ...
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...Personality Paper BY: April Johnson PSY/103 Professor Vincent D’Elia May 31, 2010 Lifespan Development and Personality Paper This paper will focus on the human development stages of adolescence. Adolescence is a very interesting age group to study for the fact this is the development stages from childhood to adulthood. These developments involve the development stages of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial phases. Adolescence, some may say, revolve around the age group 12 to 18 years of age. In detail this paper will focus on the factors that affect physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality developments. In addition, the paper will as well discuss hereditary and environmental influences of each. According to Wiley Plus, adolescence and adulthood are the times for dramatic and gradual changes. Early and a person’s late teen years a person would experience physical changes in the body itself. What we mean by physical changes is what is called puberty. Puberty can be defined as changes to the body from a child to an adult. Girls and boys will each experience hair growth in places where he or she usually does not see as child, such as pubic, facial, and underarms. Girls start to experience menstruation cycles and breast development. For girl these are signs that she is turning into a woman. Men on the other hand, experience voice changes, muscle changes, and hair growth in many places. With the cognitive development stages, adolescents start...
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...Self-Handicapping | Actions that people take to sabotage their performance and enhance their opportunity to excuse anticipated failure | | | | Hindsight Bias | The tendency, once an event has occurred, to overestimate out ability to have foreseen the outcome | | | | External Attribution | An attribution that locates the cause of an event to factors external to the person, such as luck, or other people, or the situation. | | | | Cognitive Dissonance | A feeling of discomfort caused by performing an action that is inconsistent with one’s attitudes. | | | | Media Persuasion | The process of consciously attempting to change attitudes through the transmission of some message. | | | | Matrix Terms -- Key to Pages from Textbook Franzoi, S. L. (2009). PSY 110: Social psychology: 2009 custom edition (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Custom Publishing. Term | Textbook Pages | Survey Research | 43-44 | Self-Esteem | 85-93 | Self-Handicapping | 81-85 | Hindsight Bias | 112-113 and 116 | External Attribution | 127 | Cognitive Dissonance | 162-168 | Media...
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...Jennifer L. Kee July 21, 2013 Psy 354 Professor Kevin VanWynsberg Theory | Summary | Modeling and Reinforcing | In the result of modeling, it means to imitate something. It is thought that most language development comes from what is said and heard from others. Reinforcement comes in where a child says something and then an adult encourages the child to say it again and again. This process is done when the child is an infant and continues as the child grows older. Neither modeling nor reinforcement sufficiently explains how children eventually acquire an adult-like form of their native language (McDevitt and Ormrod, 2013). | Nativism | The theory of nativism is known as a theoretical perspective which proposes that little knowledge is biologically built in and begins at birth or not too long after. Nativism focuses more on syntactic development. | Information Processing Theory | This theory has a diverse choice of operations used by children to make out the language barrier. This theory consists of one main necessity which is attention. Cognitive processes must be sufficiently flexible that they allow children to acquire language despite the varied ways in which adults support their language learning ( McDevitt and Ormrod, 2013). Cognitive process theory focuses more on semantic development. | Sociocultural | Sociocultural theory is how the language develops through social interaction. This theory consists of language socialization which involves more communicating...
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...Language John Kendrick PSY/360 September 14, 2015 Professor Jackson Language Through sounds, gestures, and symbols humans have learned to communicate with each other. It is a developed system for communicating in a society. Languages will vary from one culture to the next and will take on different forms. Not only are languages spoken, they are expressed through hand gestures and written symbols. Language is a form of communication that allows humans to express emotion, opinions, thoughts, and beliefs (Galotti, 2014). The lexicon is the vocabulary contained within the language. It is the knowledge of the words contained in the language. It is a compilation of all words known, understood, and expressed by the individual. The language is compiled and understood by others contained in the same culture and supports how the language is expressed (Galotti, 2014). One key feature of language is broadcasting the message and then rapid fading of the message. The message will fade and then not heard. The next feature is interchangeability. This is the ability to both receive and send the message. Total feedback is occurs when the speaker can hear his own speech and can monitor the language performance as they go and specialization involves producing the speech through the specialized body parts adapted for this role (Galotti, 2014). The key features of language are phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. An expression of language occurs when an individual...
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...Course code: PSY-379-GS001 Course name: Social Psychology Assignment 4 1. Discuss the phenomena of persuasion and the cognitive processes that underlie it. Persuasion is a phenomenon that is a form of social influence in which an audience is deliberately encouraged to accept an idea, attitude, or course of action by symbolic means. We are persuaded to go along with someone's suggestion if we think that person is a credible expert (authority), if we think he or she as a trusted friend or attractive (likeability), if we feel we owe them one (reciprocity), or if doing so will be consistent with our beliefs or prior commitments (consistency). We are also inclined to make choices that we think are popular (consensus), and that will net us a scarce commodity (scarcity). We follow these general rules because they usually work to lead us to make the right choice. However, because we often use them unthinkingly, they are usually defeated by con artists, many of them wearing nice business suits or reassuringly friendly smiles. The cognitive processes that underlie the phenomena of persuasion are the central processing or systematic route to persuasion, people attend carefully to the message, and they consider relevant evidence and underlying logic in detail. People are especially likely to go through this route when the message is relevant to them, when they have knowledge in the domain, and when the message evokes a sense of personal responsibility. When going through...
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...Language Shannon Kephart PSY/360 October 13, 2014 Janel Fairchild Language “Language is structured on several levels: the phonological (sound), syntactic (ordering and structuring of words and phrases in sentences), semantic (meaning), and pragmatic (the ways in which language is actually used), to name a few. Each of these levels has a different set of rules associated with it.” (Galotti, 2014 pg. 248) Lexicon is “mental store thought to hold a cognitive processor’s knowledge of words, including their spelling, pronunciation, definition, part of speech, and so on.” (Galotti, 2014 pg. 415) Language is a manner of conversation in order to express ones emotions, concepts, or ideas. Language takes shape in many different kinds of forms from sign language, to verbal and even body language. No matter what language is being spoken there is always a list of words that is identified with a specific discussion and these particular conglomerates of words are known as a lexicon. (Galotti, 2014) A terrific illustration could be the phrase “free will” which in turn makes one thinks ‘It was done of my own free will’. This makes language and lexicon go hand in hand on account of lexical memory of words or language and this pertains to cognitive psychology due to the regularity of lexical selections in the processing of ones words in the cognitive mind. The key characteristics of language are it is regular and productive, arbitrariness, and discreteness. These are all...
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...Middle Childhood Development and Personality Josh PSY/103 November 2, 2015 Susanne Nishino Middle Childhood Development and Personality Middle childhood is a busy time in a child's life both physically and for their personality. During this time there is a crucial shift in a child's cognitive skills beginning at age six; this appears to be when a child begins to reason and is marked by several types of advances in learning and understanding. Formal schooling begins mostly between the ages of five and seven, during this time the child develops key thinking and cognitive skill. Children during this period also begin to experience advances in their learning consistent with what is deemed important by their cultures, such as math and language skills. I believe it's important for us to be patient with children at this age because it is such a difficult and confusing time but also an exciting time for them to experience this period of extensive growth. There are many different factors that affect physical development for children during the middle childhood development period. During birth until around age five, growth is generally set at the same rate for children around the same age, but at around age six or seven is when the growth spurts begin to become defined. Some children grow quickly and tall while others don't seem to grow much during this time. An example for this might be when I was younger, I did not grow quickly from age five until eight, but...
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...Cognitive Dissonance PSY/400 Cognitive Dissonance What is doing the right thing? Is doing the right thing always going to be the right thing to do ? Are there limits on doing what is right? Are there exceptions on what is right? When looking at cognitive dissonance, one has to understand what cognitive dissonance is. Cognitive dissonance is the feeling of when a person holds two conflicting thoughts in their mind at the same time. According to ITS psychology dictionary, Cognitive dissonance is define as, “a state of tension created when there are conflicts between an individual's behavior and beliefs, or between two beliefs.” (ITS Tutorial School, 2005) In this paper, the reader will look at a situation, and will automatically be able to see cognitive dissonance. We will then analyze the social, cultural, and spiritual influences on the individual’s behavior and his or her ethics. Describe the reciprocal relationship between behavior and attitudes, and explain how the individual could have used cognitive dissonance theory to rationalize his or her behavior. The Situation A man, Bob, meets a girl, Sarah, and starts to get to know her. Bob and Sarah start to click, then decide to take their relationship to another level. Bob and Sarah made the decision to become a couple and even talk about marriage. The relationship becomes serious but is still extremely new. Bob and Sarah really did not give each other a chance to get to know each other and start...
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...RUNNING HEAD:HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 1 Human Development Jonneitta James PSY 2022 W3A2 South University Online Human Development 2 Topic 1: Early Childhood 1) Jolly, R. (2007). Early childhood development: The global challenge. The Lancet, 369(9555), 8-9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199073736?accountid=87314 A large alarming number of children under the age of 5 were not reaching full potential in cognitive and socioemotional development. This is a major problem in third world countries due to malnutrition, iodine, and iron deficiency and insufficient acceleration during early development. WHO and UNICEF made immunization a primary part of health care for all, the death rate had fallen by the millions in the less fortunate countries (Jolly, R. (2007)). The methods of research were not specifically stated but my interpretation it was done by reports on the children 5 and under from different government agencies, religious groups, and non-governmental organizations. UNICEF called this study child survival and development revolution. They also stated a decline in the death rate from 15 million to 12 million a year (Jolly, R. (2007)). Without the immunizations third world country children would be almost nonexistent after the age of 5. The researchers concluded...
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...Social Psychology Concept Matrix Donna Conahan Dr. Marina Stakic PSY110008VA016-1134-001 May 3, 2013 Social Psychology Concept | Definition | Application to SocietyProvide Example | Application to Criminal JusticeProvide Example | Application to the IndividualProvide Example | Survey Research | Survey research begins with a set of well-defined structured statements and/or questions that have been given to a select group of people allowing for the mathematical measurement of personal beliefs, attitudes, values and/or behavioral tendencies. | An example of a survey that would be applicable to society would be the issues and effects of marital separation that brings about disruption in the household and negatively affects the children as well as the spouses ability to cope and adjust which ultimately prevents reconciliation thereby leads to divorce. | An example of a survey that applies to criminal justice would be a survey that addresses how to change the public’s opinions and attitudes toward the criminal justices system. This survey would include the common criminal acts in their community, how they are currently being handled, what would like to see in the way of changing their community, what their expectations are of the local police, the changes they would like to see with how the police and criminal justice system handle these perpetrators. | Due to today’s economic hard times, I think a great survey could be how this nation’s economy has brought about...
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...Cognitive Dissonance Paper Psy: 400 July 11, 2011 Professor Adrian Fletcher, M.A. Cognitive Dissonance Paper The scenario of this paper is a young girl is living in a good Christian home. Her current boyfriend is trying to push her to have sex before she believes she is ready for this type of commitment or intensity. She has been taught to wait until marriage to have sex with her new husband. Because of her boyfriends intense pressure she believes she is being pulled to give in to him before they marry. She does not want to disappoint her family by breaking the rules of the household but she truly does love the boyfriend. Does she give into the boyfriend or obey the family ground rules this she has to decide. She also has to realize that if she gives in, there is that underlying chance she could become pregnant from it. The family thinks she is too young to be making these types of decisions. They understand her desire to be with her boyfriend but they encourage her to hold on to her values. She has the opportunity to decide what to do before it is too late. She also understands that her faith is strong but sometimes desires can overtake the reasoning of the faith. She is afraid to make the commitment to her boyfriend because she believes if she does give in, then it would not be right spiritually, and she will be committing a sin not only against herself but also against her God as well. She is torn and cannot seem to get her boyfriend to understand they need to wait...
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