...Thomas WILLIAMS – service record extracted from Muster Rolls of 20th Foot regiment 1812 May Active in Newry “Volunteer from Royal Westminster Militia paid by them to 6th May” (as a private) June Active in Newry July “From Private” (to Drummer on 25th). “Sent recruiting To Bungay, Suffolk, Eng paid by me to 25th” August Recruiting in Bungay September Recruiting in Bungay October In red: “Cordwainer at St George, Middlesex” November Recruiting in Bungay December “To recruiting company” 1813 January Recruiting in Bungay February Recruiting in Bungay March Recruiting in Bungay April Recruiting in Bungay May Recruiting in Bungay June Recruiting in Bungay July Recruiting in Bungay August Recruiting in Bungay September Recruiting in Bungay October Recruiting in Stowmarket November Recruiting in Stowmarket December Recruiting in Stowmarket 1814 January Recruiting in Stowmarket (Regiment shown as being in Totnes) February Recruiting in Stowmarket March Recruiting in Stowmarket April Recruiting in Stowmarket May Recruiting in Stowmarket June Recruiting in Stowmarket July Recruiting in Stowmarket “The regiment being at home this manning will be discontinued on the rolls from 25th July” (home depot = Knightsbridge) August Recruiting in Stowmarket (Regiment shown as ‘on ship’) September Recruiting in Stowmarket October Recruiting...
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...PROBLEM FORMULATION 3.1 Problem Statement Low density parity check codes are forward error correcting codes. The LDPC block codes are inefficient, since a new code must be hypothesized each time a change in frame size is desired. A number of algorithms with varying complexity and performance have been proposed for LDPC decoding. But achieving a balanced trade-off between decoding performance and implementation complexity still remains a potential problem. LDPC decoding algorithms operates by making either hard decision or soft decision on the message received from the noisy channel [20]. 3.1.1 Sum product Algorithm The sum product algorithm for LDPC decoding is a soft decision message passing algorithm. In case of soft decision based algorithms, the input data to the decoder is the channel probabilities, represented in logarithmic ratio which is known as log-likelihood ratio (LLR). This algorithm requires LLR for variable node operations to make decoding decisions. The LLRs are transferred over to the variable nodes (V), this variable node carry out the sum operation on the input LLRs as in equation (1) and computed messages are passed along the connected edges to the check nodes (C). SPA Variable node operation: V_i=〖LLR〗_n+∑_(j≠i)▒C_j (1) Where n=1,2,. . . .number of variable nodes i, j=1,2,. . . .degree of variable node The operation performed by the check nodes (C) is given in equation (2). The check nodes also perform...
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...Other than the methods discussed above, there are few other methods can be applied under the grounded theory such as open coding, axial coding, selective coding, memoing, sorting, writing and many others.For our research purpose as stated by Holy Feen we will be only looking at the first three methods. The first method is known as open coding. Open coding is carried out by analysing a research by identifying, naming, categorizing and describing a phenomena found in the text. The only way for us to analyse a research is by going through each line and paragraph and also reading and re-reading in search of the answer by questioning ourselves 'what is the objective about?' or 'what is being referenced in that particular line?'. These categories may consist...
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...________________________________________________________________ LINEAR BLOCK CODES A systematic (n,k) linear block code is a mapping from a k-dimensional message vector to an ndimensional codeword in such a way that part of the sequence generated coincides with the k message digits. The difference (n − k) represents the parity bits. A systematic linear block will have a [k × n] generator matrix [G] of the form G=[P IK ] Then the code is given as C= D*G Where D is the data word. Another important matrix associated with block codes is the [(n − k) × n] parity check matrix, [H]. The parity check matrix is formed by starting with the identity matrix and appending the transpose of the nonidentity portion of [G]: H=[IK PT ] The parity check matrix has the property c[H]T = 0 That is, any errorless, received code word multiplied by the transpose of the parity check matrix, [H], yields a zero vector, or syndrome. If the received code word contains an error, the resulting vector will match the corresponding bit that caused the error. S= R[H]T=E H]T Where S= error syndrome R= received codeword E=error Algorithm: 1. Take generator matrix from the user. 2. Create the 4 bit data word, total of 16 data words, using two dimensional array in the matlab. 3. Then code word is generated utilizing the matrix multiplication formula for the code word. 4. Then Hamming distance...
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...Coding Theory 8/12/15 Coding theory is a study of codes it is generally used in error correcting codes ad error detecting codes. It is way to have a secured application or network in today’s generation where the technology and information is growing rapidly. How coding theory works is for example we have lots of information and we want to decode it. Error detecting will detect all the errors in the information and error correcting will fix al the errors but most of the time it can we difficult to correct the errors when they are detected. Coding theory has many techniques different like hamming codes, perfect codes and generator matrices these are few techniques that work with coding theory. Error detecting codes helps look for errors in information or codes and it lists all the errors in the codes. Since most of the technology we use are binary numbers of 0’s and 1’s error detecting codes uses these binary numbers to look for the errors in codes. Some of the things like digital messages and zip code use error detecting to find any error like if there is a wrong zip code entered. Error correcting codes include error detecting codes so it can detect errors and also fix the errors. What exactly error correcting does is for example if we send some data to someone. Error correcting will fix all the errors it has detected while it is getting all the information. Hamming distance measures the length of the character from one to another mostly two binary strings or...
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...6. Durham: https://www.dur.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/taught/ 6. St Andrews: http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/media/pgdegrees11-12.pdf 8. Warwick: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/courses/coursea2z/#p 9. Lancaster: https://www.postgraduate.lancs.ac.uk/PGSearch.aspx 10. Exeter: http://www.exeter.ac.uk/postgraduate/degrees/taughtindexa/ 11. York: http://www.york.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/courses/ 12. Bath: http://www.bath.ac.uk/management/courses/postgraduate/ 13. Bristol: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/efm/postgraduate-programmes/ 14. Sussex: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/study/pg/2012/taught#a 15.Edinburgh: http://www.ed.ac.uk/studying/postgraduate/degrees?taught=Y&cw_xml=subjectarea.php 16.Nottingham No business http://pgstudy.nottingham.ac.uk/postgraduate-courses/schools-and-departments.aspx 17. Sheffield: http://www.sheffield.ac.uk/postgraduate/taught/courses/all 17. Leicester: http://www2.le.ac.uk/study/postgrad/taught-campus 19. Southampton: http://www.soton.ac.uk/postgraduate/pgstudy/programmes/index.html 20. Loughborough: http://www.lboro.ac.uk/study/postgraduate/courses/#p 21. Buckingham: http://www.buckingham.ac.uk/courses/ 22. Glasgow: http://www.gla.ac.uk/postgraduate/ 25. Newcastle: http://www.ncl.ac.uk/postgraduate/search/list/courses/taught 27. East Anglia: http://business.uea.ac.uk/courses 28.RoyalHolloway: http://www.rhul.ac.uk/studyhere/postgraduate/departmentsandcourses.aspx ...
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...Mobile Application – 26.09.2013 1. Launch. 2. Click as follows: File > Android Application Project. 3. The following will appear: 4. Near the application Name, type – UDM 5. Click on Next. The following will appear: 5. Click on Next. The following will appear: 6. Click on Next. The following will appear: 7. Click on Next. The following will appear: 8. Click on Finish. 9. The following Screen will appear : 10. By default, your application will add Hello World. Don’t remove it. We will use it later. 11. Now we will add a button where we are going to change its label to Hi, using strings.xml. How to do this??? 12. 13. As soon as you click on the folder res, the following will appear: 14. After clicking on Values, the following will appear – dimens.xml, strings.xml and styles.xml. 15. Double click on strings.xml. 16. The following screen will appear : 17. Click on button Add. The following will appear : 18. Select String and click on button OK. 19. The following will appear : 20. Near Name, type : btnHi and near value, type : Hi See below: 21. Then save the work. You will notice the following: 22. Now see to the L.H.S. Click on folder layout. Double click on activity_main.xml. 23. After clicking on activity_main.xml, you will find the following: 24. Now drag and drop...
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...GSM BSS Network KPI (MOS) Optimization Manual INTERNAL Product Name GSM BSS Product Version V00R01 Confidentiality Level INTERNAL Total 36 pages GSM BSS Network KPI (MOS) Optimization Manual For internal use only Prepared by Reviewed by Reviewed by Granted by GSM&UMTS Network Performance Research Department Dong Xuan Date Date Date Date 2008-2-21 yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm-dd yyyy-mm-dd Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved 2011-08-04 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Page 1 of 36 GSM BSS Network KPI (MOS) Optimization Manual INTERNAL Revision Record Date 2008-1-21 2008-3-20 Revision Version 0.9 1.0 Change Description Draft completed. The document is modified according to review comments. Author Dong Xuan Wang Fei 2011-08-04 Huawei Technologies Proprietary Page 2 of 36 GSM BSS Network KPI (MOS) Optimization Manual INTERNAL GSM BSS Network KPI (MOS) Optimization Manual Key words: MOS, interference, BER, C/I, power control, DTX, frequency hopping, PESQ, PSQM /PSQM+, PAMS Abstract: With the development of the radio network, mobile operators become more focused on end users’ experience instead of key performance indicators (KPIs). The improvement of the end users’ experience and the improvement of the network capacity are regarded as KPIs. Therefore, Huawei must pay close attention to the improvement of the soft capability of the network quality as well as the fulfillment of KPIs. At present, there are three...
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...On Block Security of Regenerating Codes at the MBR Point for Distributed Storage Systems Son Hoang Dau∗ , Wentu Song† , Chau Yuen‡ Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore Emails: {∗ sonhoang dau, † wentu song, ‡ yuenchau}@sutd.edu.sg Abstract—A passive adversary can eavesdrop stored content or downloaded content of some storage nodes, in order to learn illegally about the file stored across a distributed storage system (DSS). Previous work in the literature focuses on code constructions that trade storage capacity for perfect security. In other words, by decreasing the amount of original data that it can store, the system can guarantee that the adversary, which eavesdrops up to a certain number of storage nodes, obtains no information (in Shannon’s sense) about the original data. In this work we introduce the concept of block security for DSS and investigate minimum bandwidth regenerating (MBR) codes that are block secure against adversaries of varied eavesdropping strengths. Such MBR codes guarantee that no information about any group of original data units up to a certain size is revealed, without sacrificing the storage capacity of the system. The size of such secure groups varies according to the number of nodes that the adversary can eavesdrop. We show that code constructions based on Cauchy matrices provide block security. The opposite conclusion is drawn for codes based on Vandermonde matrices. I. I NTRODUCTION A. Background In recent years, the demand...
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...Coding Theory Ian Bathelt Math\221 02\16\2015 Cory Bennet Coding theory is the study of codes and their properties and their propensity to work with certain types of applications. There are four general types of coding that we as humans use. The four types are: line coding, error correction or channel coding, data compression, and lastly cryptographic coding. In relation to error detecting codes, there exist error-correcting codes. The purpose of this paper is to explain the different types of coding and go over hamming distance, perfect codes, generator matrices, parity check matrices, and hamming codes. We will also be giving examples of how coding theory could be applied in a real world application; and a brief history of coding theory. According to “Wolframmathworld” (2015) “Coding theory, sometimes called algebraic coding theory, deals with the design of error-correcting codes for the reliable transmission of information across noisy channels. It makes use of classical and modern algebraic techniques involving finite fields, group theory, and polynomial algebra”(). Coding theory has roots in communication filed. Claude Shannon first published the “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in the Bell System Technical Journal. It was a piece that featured encoding information transmitted by a send. The fundamentals of this work included probability, which he applied to his communication theory. This gave way to Shannon developing what later became known...
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...digital by an Analog Telephone Adapter.An ATA is a simple device which lets you connect any standard telephone or fax machine so it can use VoIP through your internet connection. The ATA converts the analog signal from Alice’s voice to digital data I:e 0s and 1s. So that it can be further converted into data packets to be transmitted over the internet. Then the converted data packets are sent to the router or the Modem to be transmitted towards the destination. Discuss the quality of the Analog/Digital conversion in terms of the resources used (e.g., sampling rate and bit depth in PAM and PCM) Pulse-Code Modulation or PCM is a method to digitally represent sampled analogue signals It includes three steps: Sampling Quantization Coding Sampling: In the Sampling process the magnitude of the analogue signals is sampled at uniform intervals and the obtained values are called Samples For a 4 khz voice channel, the sampling rate is 8000 Hz which means the signal is sampled 8000 times per second. The samples will then be converted in digital numbers which is called the quantization process. Quantization: Quantization is a process to convert the obtained signals into discrete digital values. Bit Depth: The number of bits used to describe each sample in called Bit Depth. If the bit depth is higher more and more data will be stored and will re-create the sound more accurately. If the bit depth is low, the information will be lost and the reproduced sound will be degraded...
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...Every sound and every note has a specific color and sometimes shape. Listening to music creates wondrous seas of vivid color dancing across the field of vision, purple blobs pulsing and dissipating, and waves of green cresting and crashing above a deep blue ocean of melodies. Synesthesia is a neurological condition or gift that affects 2-4% of the general population (PLoS Biology 2011). It presents itself in many different forms, some more common than others. Although synesthesia is not a new discovery, there are still many mysteries as to where the gene is located, how it is inherited, and why the gene has been conserved throughout time. A battery of tests are available to help diagnose synesthesia but do not check for all types. The effects...
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...Carolyn Rude-Parkins, Ph.D. University of Louisville November, 2007 Introduction The words blue, green, and yellow are words known to all as colors. If one of these color words is written in an ink color differing from the color it represents an individual spends more time to name that ink color than the ink color of neutral words. This is known as the Stroop effect. Studying this gives insight into the human mind. It can show how we handle interference across a number of different situations or how our automatic processes interact with and affect our controlled processes. The cause of the Stroop effect has been widely debated and researched over the years. Some researchers believe the cause is due to the fact that reading is such a well learned or even over learned process that it becomes automatic. When asked to identify ink colors of words reading the word causes distraction because reading is done much more often than naming ink colors. But where is the exact interference occurring in this process and why? It has been suggested that the interference occurs at the output or response stage as an individual struggles to express the correct color word from alternatives. Others believe the interference happens during encoding as an individual analyzes the word and is distracted from ink color. Still others would say it happens somewhere between the encoding and the output. All of these suggestions have various criticisms. The search for the correct answer...
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...“How Color Psychology affects Consumer Behavior” Term Paper in General Psychology _________________________________________ Submitted to Prof. Artemus Cruz _________________________________________ Submitted by Michelle P. Garcia BSBA MM 3-1 _________________________________________ March 26, 2013 I. Introduction Colors play an important role in our lives. It gives meaning to everything we see. As Human our color vision influences everything from our art and poetry to the colors we paint our homes and the clothing we choose to buy. Colors distinguish a thing from the other. Colors determine our emotions. Pablo Picasso once quoted, “Colors like features follow the changes of the emotions”. Do you feel happy in a yellow room? Does the color blue make you feel calm and relaxed? Artist and interior designers have already proven how color can dramatically affect moods, feelings and emotions. Color is a powerful tool when it comes to communication and can be used to signal action, influence mood and cause physiological reactions. How color affects the effectiveness of the business? Marketing is a science of satisfying human wants and needs. When this filed acquires the principles of color psychology, it would be a great help for the marketers influence consumer behavior. Since color is an n important factor in the visual appearance of the products as well as in brand recognition, color has become...
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...The industry we could consider could be MP3. Vertically integrated company gaining control over customers and developing new customer outlets. The advantages being certainity, quality control or supply reliability. IPod is Not only a product but service and lifestyle while Itunes is a new wave of music distribution in the music industry. Apple maintains a business model that does not fit into traditional industry borders. Besides its traditional business of making and selling computers (e.g. iMacs, Power Books, etc.) it sells music over the internet in order to increase its sales of iPods, which is a sort of digital walkman. In terms of industries this business model includes hardware (the iPod), software (iTunes, which is the software to download the music) and entertainment (music). Hence we could define apple being in the Consumer Electronics and Digital Distribution. Since the scope of products it provides is a bit complicated we cannot compare it with any industry. Porter’s 5 forces Threat of new entry is low Capital Intensive Industry Economies of Scale: Ipod along with the Itunes services had captured most of the market Product Differentiation: Ipod had it own music services which allowed customers to download music convieniently. There were accessories market that mushroomed around the IPOD flogging leather Chanel pouches to Ipod enabled Toilet roll holders. Cost Advantage: High demand in proprietary technology. Apple has several patents for its products...
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