...Planning is an ongoing process for the Navy, and it is the foundation to which the other management functions build upon. Planning is the process in which the goals and objectives are looked at, and the plans are put into place in order to achieve organizational or departmental goals (Reilly, Minnick, & Baack, 2011). Planning “involves analyzing and forecasting the talent that an organization needs to execute their business strategy” (2006, August 7). Planning is a management function that requires decisions to be made about the goals and activities that a group, an individual, or the organization will do in order to accomplish the mission. The planning portion of my job is mostly done by my Chain of Command, who then conveys those plans to my department. My Chain of Command, which is comprised of the Commanding Officer and Department Heads from each department, looks at the overall mission of the...
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...U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Report 1819 FUTURE COMBAT SYSTEMS COMMAND AND CONTROL (FCS C2) HUMAN FUNCTIONS ASSESSMENT: INTERIM REPORT - EXPERIMENT 3 Carl W. Lickteig, William R. Sanders, and Paula J. Durlach U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Thomas J. Carnahan Western Kentucky University Consortium Research Fellows Program February 2004 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences A Directorate of the U.S. Army Human Resources Command ZITA M. SIMUTIS Director Technical review by Kenneth Copeland, CECOM RDEC C2D Robert A. Rasch, Jr., CECOM RDEC C2D NOTICES DISTRIBUTION: Primary distribution of this Research Report has been made by ARI. Please address correspondence concerning distribution of reports to: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Attn: DAPE-ARI-PO, 5001 Eisenhower Ave., Alexandria, VA 22304-4841. FINAL DISPOSITION: This Research Report may be destroyed when it is no longer needed. Please do not return it to the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. NOTE: The findings in this Research Report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position, unless so designated by other authorized documents. |REPORT...
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...increasing employees’ efficiency within the organisation by breaking down the production process into a sequence of stages and assigning workers to particular stages, also known as division of labour. The advantages of this approach are highly skilled employees who are specialised in certain business areas or locations which leads to increased production levels and reduced production costs. On the negative side, training workers to be experts in a specific field is more expensive and means that employees’ tasks will be rather repetitive. In this way employees are more likely to get bored which will negatively impact their skills and the quality of their work. Being less common today, Command and Control is another management technique whereby workers have to do what they are told and be yelled at if they disobey. Another theory of the classical approach is the so called Scientific Management or Taylorism. The theory suggests increasing efficiency, decreasing waste and using methods to decide what...
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...State Police High Performance Teams Analysis The State Police for any state uses the advances of a flexible, fluid interchanging operational structure. The State Police high performance teams become more than functioning officers behind the wheel of a police cruiser, at the controls of the helicopter, or underwater saving a child. Every high performance or learning team uses and involves group decisions for each situation may change at a moment’s notice. The elements for excellent high performance team-builds show in the supporting information. The advances of biometric, information, and electronic technology create the help each high performance, or learning organization needs for social survival. High Performance and Learning Team Elements The essential elements for building high performance police and learning teams begin three important stages; engaging, enabling, and energizing (Building Teamwork, 2012). The engaging stage defines first three elements as purpose, commitment, and trust. Starting with purpose for using the specialized team and goals. The reasoning foundation shows details for the operational support and resources for achieving the organizational goals. The commitment stage defines decisions of each individual in a team for becoming close-knit unit calmly working together. This collection of talented individuals agree to commit dedicated time, and training to achieve the goals for success. The importance of team trust shows a conscious commitment of each...
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...PRACTICE & PROBLEMS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT OF BANGLADESH ARMY INTRODUCTION 1. Human beings are the most important resources in an organization. A firm’s / organization’s success depends on the capabilities of its members. Most problems, challenges, opportunities and frustrations in an organization are people related. Human Resource Management is one of the toughest duties of a manager or leader since humans differ in terms of attitudes, values, aspirations, motivations, assumptions, psychology, and life goals. Looking at today’s competitive world, managerial level staff will require more conceptual and strategic skills. Managers have to be proactive, able to anticipate technological developments and prepare their staff for whatever technological changes that might take place. This will be a successful task only when the HRM itself is fully aware of those changes and has the means to deal with them. HR managers have a number of roles to fulfill. They are the guardians of the manpower- the key assets of the organizations. They are also counselor and protector of employees and directly responsible for their effectiveness in the organization. They need to do their jobs in keeping with the existing laws, rules and regulations of the organization, and promote harmony at the workplace. This has direct bearing in a healthier and more attractive work environment. The success or failure of HR depends also on the top management’s recognition of the importance of HRM, and...
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...Organizational Structure? Defines how job tasks are formally – Divided – Grouped – Coordinated Six key elements – – – – – – Work specialization Departmentalization Chain of command Span of control Centralization & decentralization Formalization Controls, coordinates & motivates employees Work Specialization Degree to which tasks in organization are subdivided into separate jobs Efficiency gains – Payment related to skill-level required skill– Increase in performance in specific task – Encouraging creation of special inventions Efficiency losses – – – – – Boredom Fatigues Stress Poor quality High absenteeism & turnover Productivity specialization Departmentalization The basis by which jobs are grouped together Possible ways – By functions performed E.g., engineering, accounting, personnel…. – By type of product E.g., fuel, waxes, chemicals – On basis of geography E.g., western, southern, midwestern, eastern… – On basis of process E.g., Casting, press, tubing, finishing, inspect, pack, ship…. – By type of customer E.g., Service retail, wholesale, government customers Large companies might combine the forms! The Chain of Command & Span of Control Chain of command – Line of authority from top of the organization to lowest part – Specifies who reports to whom – Each managerial position is given its place & degree of authority – Unity of command principle preserves unbroken line of command Span of Control – – – – Number of subordinates...
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...Army Regulation 350–1 Training Army Training and Leader Development Rapid Action Revision (RAR) Issue Date: 4 August 2011 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 18 December 2009 UNCLASSIFIED SUMMARY of CHANGE AR 350–1 Army Training and Leader Development This rapid action revision, 4 September 2011-o Implements the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Repeal Act of 2010 by deleting all references to developing and conducting training concerning the Army’s Homosexual Conduct Policy (paras 2-21p and 2-22k.) o Rescinds paragraphs 2-6r, 2-46ac, and G-14e.) o Makes administrative changes (app A: marked obsolete forms and publications; corrected forms and publication titles; and corrected Web site addresses; glossary: deleted unused acronyms and corrected titles/abbreviations as prescribed by Army Records Management and Declassification Agency). *Army Regulation 350–1 Headquarters Department of the Army Washington, DC 18 December 2009 Effective 18 January 2010 Training Army Training and Leader Development History. This publication is a rapid action revision (RAR). This RAR is effective 20 September 2011. The portions affected by this RAR are listed in the summary of change. Summary. This regulation consolidates policy and guidance for Army training and leader development and supports a full-spectrum, force protection, expeditionary Army. Applicability. This regulation applies to the active Army, the Army National ...
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... What is Organizational Structure? Defines how job tasks are formally – Divided – Grouped – Coordinated Six key elements – – – – – – Work specialization Departmentalization Chain of command Span of control Centralization & decentralization Formalization Controls, coordinates & motivates employees Work Specialization Degree to which tasks in organization are subdivided into separate jobs Efficiency gains – Payment related to skill-level required skill– Increase in performance in specific task – Encouraging creation of special inventions Efficiency losses Boredom Fatigues Stress Poor quality High absenteeism & turnover Productivity – – – – – specialization Departmentalization The basis by which jobs are grouped together Possible ways – By functions performed E.g., engineering, accounting, personnel…. – By type of product E.g., fuel, waxes, chemicals – On basis of geography E.g., western, southern, midwestern, eastern… – On basis of process E.g., Casting, press, tubing, finishing, inspect, pack, ship…. – By type of customer E.g., Service retail, wholesale, government customers Large companies might combine the forms! The Chain of Command & Span of Control Chain of command – Line of authority from top of the organization to lowest part – Specifies who reports to whom – Each managerial position is given its place & degree of authority – Unity of command principle preserves unbroken line of command Span of Control – – – – Number of subordinates a manager directs Wider...
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...identify the major benefits and challenges of taking this approach 8-2 Designing an Effective Organization Structure Organization Structure A framework that enables managers to divide responsibilities, ensure employee accountability, and distribute the decision-making authority Organization Chart A diagram that shows how employees and tasks are grouped and where the lines of communication and authority flow 8-3 Key Organizing Concepts Agile Organization Company structure, policies, and capabilities allow employees to respond quickly to customer needs and changes in the business environment Core Competencies Capabilities that a company considers central and vital to its business – critical. Work Specialization (Division of Labor) Allocation of specific responsibility for some portion of an organization’s overall work tasks 8-4 Exhibit 8.1 Most people do one of these three things Simplified Organization Chart: Line and Staff Legal 1. Make Things (Goods or Services) 2. Market Things 3. Count or manage the money, pay bills or pay taxes 8-5 Defining the Chain of Command Chain of Command The path along which authority flows from one management level to the next NOTE: A manager can delegate...
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...INTRODUCTION The health care environment is constantly changing and producing new challenges that the competent nurse manager must work within (Jooste, 2004). Powerful leadership skills are needed by all nurses – those providing direct care to those in management positions. Anyone who is looked to as an authority or who is responsible for giving assistance to others is considered a leader (Mahoney, 2001). This assignment provides an avenue for competent nurse managers who also must have the necessary leadership skills to inspire and empower followers and team members. Concepts such as management and leadership will be defined as well as the differentiation between them. We are not all born leaders – leadership skills are developed and the principles are described by self-examination(Jooste, 2011: 31-32). Competent nurse managers are not merely those who control others, but they act as visionaries who help followers and the team to plan, organize, lead and control their activities. These four management process activities will be discussed ( Jooste, 2004). 1 MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP AS CONSEPTS Management and leadership are not synonymous terms. Leaders are not automatically good managers, and managers are often not effective leaders(Jooste, 2010:26-27). 1.1. MANAGEMENT The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. According to Blagg and Youngh (2002:1), managers are thought to be the budgeters,...
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...how job tasks are formally divided, grouped, and coordinated. -The structure can represent a tall pyramid, or it can be relatively flat. The structure determines the reporting relationships of people. Flat organization 에서는, 내 위에 있는 사람에게 문제를 알리기 쉽다. 하지만, pyramid structure 에서는, 내 위에 사람에게 말하고, 그 사람이 또 그 위에 사람에게 말하고.. 계속 이렇게 되다 보면, 전해야 하는 내용이 바뀔 수 있는 단점이 있다. -There are six key elements that managers need to address (다루다) when they design their organization’s structure: work specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, centralization and decentralization, and formalization. -Organizations do change their structure from time to time, which is known as restructuring. -Despite the profound impact restructuring has on employees, managers realize that in a dynamic and changing environment, inflexible organizations end up as bankruptcy (파산) statistics. Work Specialization -Work specialization (division of labour): the degree to which tasks in the organization are subdivided (다시 (적게) 나누다) into separate jobs. - The essence of work specialization is that, rather than an entire job being completed by one individual, it’s broken down into a number of steps, with each step being completed by a separate individual. Individuals specialize in doing part of an activity rather than entire activity. -Employee skills at performing a task improve through repetition. It is easier and less costly to find and train workers to do specific and repetitive tasks. This...
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...estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 15 MAR 2006 4. TITLE...
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...was established over 10 years ago to provide technical support to the operating forces. Today the Help Desk is referred to as OFTSSC (Operating Forces Tactical Systems Support Center) with a specific mission stated as: to provide continuous, distributed technical support, troubleshooting, and problem resolution for Command, Control, Communications, Computers and Intelligence (C4I) systems, in order to optimize those systems as force multipliers in assisting Marines to win battles. While the OFTSSC focuses on the needs of the Marine Corps, it offers technical assistance to all C4I system users across the entire Department of Defense (DoD), U.S. Government and all U.S. Foreign National Allies. The OFTSSC provides its customers with remote technical assistance by facilitating online access to supported system documentation, system software and offering live interaction with system subject matter experts (SMEs), via phone, online chat, and email. If a solution to a customer problem is not immediately available, OFTSSC personnel will actively work to obtain a solution by elevating customer issues to MCTSSA support engineers, system vendors, Marine Corps Systems Command program managers or other commercial or DoD customer support agencies. Help Desk Operations for the Operating Forces The OFTSSC from the start operated in an ad-hoc manner maintaining its mission capability with a support staff composed of contractors and civilian government analysts and a limited number of uniformed...
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...each of the five forms of departmentalization. • Differentiate, authority, responsibility, and unity of command. • Sandra Carlos Discuss the traditional and contemporary views of work specialization, chain of command, and span of control. Explain how centralization – decentralization and formalization are used in organizational design. Organising 9.2 Mechanistic and Organic Structures • Contrast mechanistic and organic organizations. • Explain the contingency factors that affect organizational design. o -the process of organising an organisation’s structure o -undergone lots of changes in the last few years 9.3 Common Organizational Designs • Contrast the three traditional organizational designs. • Describe the contemporary organizational designs. • Discuss the organizational design challenges facing managers today. Exhibit 9–1 Purposes of Organizing • Divides work to be done into specific jobs and departments. • Assigns tasks and responsibilities associated with individual jobs. • Coordinates diverse organizational tasks. • Clusters jobs into units. • Establishes relationships among individuals, groups, and departments. • Establishes formal lines of authority. • Allocates and deploys organizational resources. Organisational Structure -formal framework by which job tasks are: o o o o divided grouped and co-ordinated. -challenge for managers to design a structure...
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...Motivating Workers Motivation Motivation is the reason why people work, and it drives them to work better. Therefore, managers try to find out what motivate workers and use them to encourage workers to work more efficiently. This results in higher productivity, increased output, and ultimately higher profits. Motivation theories People work very hard when they are working for themselves. When they work for other people, less so. Managers have been looking into what makes employees contribute their fullest to the company and these studies have resulted three main theories of motivation. F.W. Taylor Theory: ‣Money is the main motivator. ‣If employees are paid more, they will be motivated to work more. ‣Work is broken down into simple processes, and more money is paid which will increase the level of productivity an employee will achieve. ‣The extra pay is less than the increased productivity. Cons: ‣ Workers are seen rather like machines, and this theory does not take into account non-financial motivators. ‣ Even if you pay more, there is no guarantee of a productivity rise. ‣ It is difficult to measure an employees output. Maslow Theory: Maslow created what is known as the hierarchy of needs. In this diagram, there are 5 different types of motivation: ‣Level 1 - Physiological needs: basic requirements for survival. ‣Level 2 -Security needs: the need to by physically safe. ‣Level 3 Social needs: the need to belong and have good relationships...
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