...in communication, to communicate effectively one must know what exactly he/she wanted to express. Use specific rather than general words avoid clincher, there repeated words lost its effectiveness, because of redundancy. Do not use slang, jargon, or foreign words. It only confuse your listener, you also avoid euphemisms that can create subtle ideas. Above all avoid self–favorite words. In this world of complex individual men and women are two distinct creatures, who actually had opposite expressions, ideas and choice of words. This is the main reason why conflicts arise. A lot of studies show the diversity of men to women. To start with let us explore the languages each one utilizes. Facilitating better connotation between sexes, doesn’t mean that men need to completely change their behaviors or that women need to change, but in order to improve communication and have more harmonious relationship and effective work environment, we each have to work harder to understand and respect our differences. The men speak “menglish” women say “it’s a girl thing“. It may sound the same the same but words and phrases have entirely different meanings thus leading to catastrophic communication issues between the sexes Men and women actually have their own unique languages But you can learn how to approach and respond to , in a way that will bring you into synch , and closer together. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The researcher will determine the effectiveness of language of men and...
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...be at a loss for a word”. It is commonly believed that women talk more than men. Moreover, some researchers argue that there is a significant difference in a way how men and women communicate. One group of scientists insists that differences in men’s and women’s speech prove a controversial idea that “Women's American English” exists. On the contrary, others assert that the reason why males and females tend to use certain words and phrases is caused by social factors. They believe that society has different expectations from men and women relating to their social statuses, family roles and job preferences which may influence women's linguistic behaviour. The difference in communication styles of males and females doesn't prove the existence of women's language; on the opposite, it shows that women have found the most convenient way to express themselves in the mainly male-dominant society. The entire literature review will investigate how social norms and expectations have influenced women's speech and whether there is discrimination on the basis of gender in speech. It will be organized using a thematic style of presentation. First of all, it will be shown whether there are differences in usage of linguistic forms, such as vocabulary, syntax and tone, between males and females. And then, the concept of report and rapport talk in women's and men's speech will be examined. There is no reason to deny that men and women tend to use somewhat different linguistic forms. However...
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...be at a loss for a word”. It is commonly believed that women talk more than men. Moreover, some researchers argue that there is a significant difference in a way how men and women communicate. One group of scientists insists that differences in men’s and women’s speech prove a controversial idea that “Women's American English” exists. On the contrary, others assert that the reason why males and females tend to use certain words and phrases is caused by social factors. They believe that society has different expectations from men and women relating to their social statuses, family roles and job preferences which may influence women's linguistic behaviour. The difference in communication styles of males and females doesn't prove the existence of women's language; on the opposite, it shows that women have found the most convenient way to express themselves in the mainly male-dominant society. The entire literature review will investigate how social norms and expectations have influenced women's speech and whether there is discrimination on the basis of gender in speech. It will be organized using a thematic style of presentation. First of all, it will be shown whether there are differences in usage of linguistic forms, such as vocabulary, syntax and tone, between males and females. And then, the concept of report and rapport talk in women's and men's speech will be examined. There is no reason to deny that men and women tend to use somewhat different linguistic forms. However...
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...Gender is "Perceived" in Non-Verbal Communication Student Name Here Steve Ott November 10, 2006 Pop Culture Versus Research: How Gender is Perceived in Non-Verbal Communication When selecting a topic for my research paper I started with the idea of exploring the differences in body language used by the different genders. I changed my focus after I read the information presented by two mainstream magazines targeted specifically for women and men. To obtain a woman's perspective I chose an article from Cosmopolitan magazine titled "6 Body-Language Mistakes All Couples Make". For a masculine view I chose an article from Men's Health titled "10 Subtle Signs of What She's Thinking and Feeling". The way in which the information was presented in the two magazines struck me as significant as to how gender is stereotyped by the media and acts as reinforcement in a person's gender identification. I found it personally interesting how the article from Cosmopolitan was four pages long, well documented with excerpts from academic publications, and presented the differences between male and female nonverbal body language as it pertained to relationships. The article in the Men's Health article was very short and succinct and focused on how to read a woman's body language to know if she was interested in having sex. The difference in these two articles only reinforced the stereotypical views of men and women as viewed by our society. ...
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...Men and Women Communication Conversation is the most common form of communication, but it may not be as simple as we think it is. Women and men have many differences while communicating between each other. Men can only comprehend men, as women also comprehend in its totality to women. In the article “Sex, Lies, and Conversation” by Deborah Tannen is stated how women and men differ in the way they bond with each other, their childhood socialization, the physical positions each gender practices while communicating, and their listening habits. There are many differences in the way we bond with our gender. According to Tannen’s article, with women it is developing a relationship; intimacy and talk are the main practices that give strength to the relation, like exchanging secrets. However, men base their relationships on the things they do together: actual experiences. “Women expect their husband to be a new and improved version of best friend.”(Tannen 441) That implies that women are expecting men to respond as women do in certain conditions, like as said before exchanging secrets. This is one of the most remarkable differences between man and woman that make each other uncomfortable while communicating. In order for a gender to create a total different structure while socializing, it must be developed before, as we grow up from childhood. “Boys and girls tend to play with children of their own gender, and their sex-separate groups have different organizational structures.”(T ...
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...2. Men's Language (Excerpted from The Men's Bibliography: A comprehensive bibliography of writing on men, masculinities, gender, and sexualities, compiled by Michael Flood. 19th edition, 2008. Home URL: http://mensbiblio.xyonline.net/) a) Men and Language Note: Works on boys, literacy and language in education are listed under "Growing up Male" above. Coates, Jennifer. (2003). Men Talk: Stories in the making of masculinities. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. 1. ‘We was Playing Naked Football the Other Night’: Introduction. 2. ‘Good Story!’: The Formal Characteristics of Male Narrative. 3. ‘So I Thought ‘Bollocks to it’: Men, Stories and Masculinities. 4. ‘Bad as My Mate’: Stories in Sequence. 5. ‘She’d Made Sardines in Aspic’: Women’s Stories, Men’s Stories and the Construction of Gender. 6. ‘I’m Quite Good at Mexican Food’: Men’s Narratives in Mixed Conversation. 7. ‘Still in Shock Weren’t You Darling’: Masculinity and the Heterosexual Couple. 8. ‘There are Problems’: Men’s Talk and Contemporary Masculinities. Cowburn, Malcolm. (2004). Men, masculinities and what men do: the relationship of critique and change (invited review essay). Sexualities, 7, 4 497-501. Edley, N. (2001a). Analysing masculinity: Interpretative repertoires, ideological dilemmas and subject positions. In M. Wetherell, S. Taylor & S. Yates. (eds.), Discourse as data: a guide for analysis (pp. 189-229). London: Sage Publications. Edley, N. (2001b). I. Conversation analysis, discursive psychology...
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...Conversation/communication differences between males and females Communication can be defined as a way of sending or receiving information or interaction either verbally or non-verbally. It also covers the diverse ways of emotions, feelings or thoughts exchange. However, it is not the words which matter but the ways in which different people interpret different things. Gender is a factor to consider when it comes to the modes of communication; men and women have different interpretations of the same piece of information. This can lead to some misunderstandings on different occasions. Relationships are a part of the day to day activities of man and communication is a key in the development of any of such groupings. Thus the differences should be understood in order to avoid the occurrence of misunderstandings. To begin with, in most cases men emerge as leaders in most of the groupings, they are hierarchical and directive and dominate the group since they talk and interpret more compared to women. Some critics say that this is a show of the man’s ego to rule but researchers have established that this is a self driven outcome. They rarely let any word pass without the approval of their own way of interpretation, a move that favors them in the grouping since all of their emotions, feelings or messages are adequately communicated. On the other hand, women are always supportive, cooperative, expressive, facilitative and egalitarian when it comes to human relationships compared to...
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...differences of communications patterns we should begin by making an allowance for the different essentials of the communication process between the sender of the information and receiver of the information. During any form of communication, the sender has a message to convey that becomes determined. The receiver acquires this determined message by way of some channel whether it be verbal, nonverbal or written, which is then translated. The situation, culture, time, and gender can affect a good and effective communication. Gender can affect communication in different ways has been widely accepted by a large part of the people today. Gender differences in communication can pose problems in social exchanges leading to prejudice, anger, and stress as well as a decrease in efficiency. This is exceptionally serious in business organizations but even more so in your everyday world and therefore a scrutiny of these differences in the first step to understanding the issues involved and moving towards better communication. Nearly a one fourth of all working women are considered part-time, more than men. The number of men who are stay-at-home dads has just about more than doubled over the last ten years. Society molds these women's so-called choices by telling them that they are care givers by default. Women are more likely to be punished for staying home to take care of a sick child. Are men more ambitious? Most women's first jobs straight out of school ware at a lower pay grade than men straight...
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...Domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behaviour in any relationship that is used by one partner to gain or retain authority and control over another partner. Domestic violence can be physical, emotional, economic, psychological or sexual actions or threats of actions that impact another person. Domestic violence is commonly inflicted on women though men too suffer domestic violence. Most Sociologists would attribute domestic violence towards social causes rather than psychological. The police play a key part in dealing with domestic violence however, they’re frequently subjected to criticism due to the method used when countering to the issue. Several feel the police don't take domestic violence calls as serious because police involvement would be improper in which some may consider being a family issue. Nevertheless, others claim that since the police are vital members in society and are the initial point of communication when violence ensues, they should see it as urgency and reply in an appropriate way to instances of domestic violence. Official reports show that one in four women will experience domestic violence, and one in eight repeatedly experience the crime. Russell and Rebecca Dobash established these instances can be started by what the husband saw as a contest to their power such as a wife complaining at the husband for neglecting her. The Dobash’s feel that marriage justifies violence against women talk command and power on husbands and reliance...
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...GENDER AND COMMUNICATION Who Talks the Most? • In mixed-gender groups, at public gatherings, and in many informal conversations, men spend more time talking than do women. • For example, in one experiment, the men with expertise talked longer than the women with expertise. • Men initiate more interaction than do women. Who Interrupts? • Men are more likely than women to interrupt the speaking of other people. • A study of faculty meetings revealed that women are more likely than men to be interrupted. • Some of the interruptions that women experience come from other women. (Women, when they do interrupt, are more likely to interrupt other women than they are to interrupt men, according to two studies.) • Women are more likely than men to allow an interruption of their talk to be successful (they do not resist the interruption as much as men do). What About Gender Patterns in Formal Group Meetings? • In meetings, men gain the "floor" more often, and keep the floor for longer periods of time, regardless of their status in the organization. • In professional conferences, women take a less active part in responding to papers. • When women do ask a question, they take less time in asking it than do men. In addition, they employ much less prequestion predication, they are less likely to ask multiple questions, and they are more likely than men to phrase their question in personal terms. What are the Gender Patterns in Informal Group Meetings? • When the floor is an informal...
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...efficiency of leadership at all levels. Scholars elaborated that leadership is the ability of influencing one's attitudes, aptitudes and beliefs, in the way that it will lead to meet organizational objectives. The main purpose of this study is to consider two domains of efficient leadership and women’s leadership style, in order to determine and elaborate the dimensions of the new concept of “Women’s Efficient Leadership”. We intend to describe the characteristics of women’s efficient leadership in state organizations in Iran by means of offering a logical pattern, in order to be able to propose a favorable pattern, leading to increased efficiency in governmental organizations of the country. Innovation of this study can be divided into two parts: one is theoretical contribution and developing the knowledge of efficient leadership as well as women’s leadership style, and the second one is scientific contribution and proposing a pattern for women’s efficient leadership in state organizations, using compound approach. The outcomes of this study show that women’s efficient leadership in state organizations consists of 7 subjects, 17 dimensions, and 85 components, which represent various characteristics in different periods of time. The thesis...
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...| Assignment 5: “Communication Dilemma—Getting Credit” (Reeves Chapter 7) | | | 1. Propose some lessons we can learn from gender communication in business. Communication between men and women can be considered cross-cultural communication. People in different cultures speak different dialects. Before clarifying some distinctives in gender communication, several basic assumptions must be accepted. 1. Men and women do have different conversational styles. 2. Both styles of communication are equally valid. 3. The goal in gender communication is not change the style of communication but to adapt to the differences. Gender Communication in Business Communication is necessary in all aspects of human endeavor. The subject of gender communication is not new, we all know that there are differences in the way women and men communicate. And these differences are shown in the work place as well. This phenomenon does not deal with the thing that men and women are equal. It is different from that. The concept I’m telling about the perception of men and women for the same situation would be different because they both have different communication style. Research says that “Starting in childhood, girls and boys are generally socialized to belong to distinct cultures and thus, speak in ways particular to their own gender’s rules and norms” (Johnson, 2000; Tannen 1986, 1990, 1995.) This pattern of gendered socialization continues throughout our...
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...The Power of COMMUNICATION Talk: Who Gets Heard and Why The Power of Talk: Who Gets Heard and Why by Deborah Tannen FROM THE SEPTEMBER–OCTOBER 1995 ISSUE T he head of a large division of a multinational corporation was running a meeting devoted to performance assessment. Each senior manager stood up, reviewed the individuals in his group, and evaluated them for promotion. Although there were women in every group, not one of them made the cut. One after another, each manager declared, in effect, that every woman in his group didn’t have the self-confidence needed to be promoted. The division head began to doubt his ears. How could it be that all the talented women in the division suffered from a lack of self-confidence? In all likelihood, they didn’t. Consider the many women who have left large corporations to start their own businesses, obviously exhibiting enough confidence to succeed on their own. Judgments about confidence can be inferred only from the way people present themselves, and much of that presentation is in the form of talk. The CEO of a major corporation told me that he often has to make decisions in five minutes about matters on which others may have worked five months. He said he uses this rule: If the person making the proposal seems confident, the CEO approves it. If not, he says no. This might seem like a reasonable approach. But my field of research, socio-linguistics, suggests otherwise. The CEO obviously thinks he knows what a confident person sounds...
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...investigators evaluated some Mexican American adolescent couples concerning their communication conflict issues. Several indicators developed the contexts and extended the investigation. The study consisted how young adolescents’ communication problems affected their relationship. Mexican American adolescents presented in this study proved how communication conflict affects relationships. A group of youth was evaluated to determine their conflict issues in their relationship. Researchers had determined the wide variety of conflicts between men and women. Commitment in a relationship grows as the relationship progresses and deteriorates as couple lack of communication. Therefore, in this study the investigators evaluated how couples’ communication can result in conflict issues in their relationship....
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...Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the entire OII team for their support of OxIS research. Our particular thanks to Prof. Helen Margetts, Dr Rebecca Eynon and Martin Dimov for their contributions to this report. We also wish to acknowledge Kunika Kono and David Sutcliffe for their design and editorial support of this report. For their early contributions to OxIS we would like to thank Prof. Richard Rose, Dr Adrian Shepherd, and Dr Corinna di Gennaro. All have helped shape the evolution of this research. We are grateful for the support of OxIS 2007 by the Higher Education Funding Council of England (HEFCE) and sponsorship of the OxIS 2007 Survey by The British Library, Cisco, Ofcom, and Talisma. Our colleagues from these sponsoring organisations have made valuable comments, helping to ensure that OxIS continues to address enduring as well as emerging issues of policy and practice. Please cite the source of text and data excerpts as: Dutton, W. and Helsper, E.J. (2007) The Internet in Britain: 2007. Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford (Oxford, UK). © The University of Oxford for the Oxford Internet Printed copies can be ordered from the enquiries assistant at: enquiries@oii.ox.ac.uk. Copies cost £5 each (to cover the cost of postage and handling). All orders should be sent along with full payment in UK Pounds Sterling to: Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, 1 St Giles, Oxford OX1 3JS, United Kingdom. Please do not send cash. Cheques should be drawn...
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