...name here Surname Other names Centre Number Candidate Number Edexcel GCE History Advanced Subsidiary Unit 1 Option D: A World Divided: Communism and Democracy in the Twentieth Century Paper Reference Tuesday 2 June 2009 – Morning Time: 1 hour 20 minutes 6HI01/D You do not need any other materials. Total Marks Instructions black ink or • Usein the boxesball-point pen. page with your name, Fill at the top of this • centre number and candidate number. TWO topics for • Answer TWO questions: ONE question on each of thequestion on eachwhich you have been prepared. You may only answer ONE topic. Answer the questions in the spaces provided • – there may be more space than you need. Information for • The total markeachthis paper is 60.shown in brackets question are • The marks forguide as to how much time to spend on each question. – use this as a • The quality of your written communication will be assessed in ALL your responses – you should take particular care with your spelling, punctuation and grammar, as well as the clarity of expression. Advice carefully • Read each questiontime. before you start to answer it. on the • Keep an eyeanswers if you have time at the end. • Check your Turn over H34860A ©2009 Edexcel Limited. *H34860A0120* 1/1/1/ 6HI01/D – A World Divided: Communism and Democracy in the Twentieth Century Answer TWO questions: ONE question on each of the TWO topics for which you have been prepared. You may only answer...
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...It is too obvious that Communism and Fascism resemble each other like two drops of fresh water. However, there are very few historians and sociologists have compared these two greatest expressions of modern totalitarianism, which has a strong ideological stench. The German philosopher and political theorist Hannah Arendt, made the comparison and "The Origins of Totalitarianism," published in 1951, showed that these two social experiments who trounced the twentieth century are twins. If we refer to encyclopedias and essays on the subject, fascism is a political ideology that raises collectivism over individualism, places the state and the nation above individual, rejects the "bourgeois democracy", the free market, capitalist competition,...
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...that Communism was threatening to expand all over Southeast Asia, is the center element of the right panel, similar to how it was the central cause of the “Vietnam War”. In actuality, the war wasn’t fought between North and South Vietnam. It was fought between the U.S. and the “so-called” Communism in Vietnam. Pictures of John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson are above and below that of the Domino theory because they used the theory to justify U.S. involvement in Vietnam. Robert McNamara, who is next to the Kennedy and Johnson in the two pictures, is remembered as the person who led the U.S. into the maelstrom of Vietnam, but there’s more to this than meets the eye. Simply, he was following the presidents’ orders and had no authority to disobey them. Few understood this, including the antiwar...
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...Edexcel A2 Political Ideologies 3 Socialism A Short-answer questions 1 Why did Marx believe that capitalism was doomed to collapse? • Capitalism is doomed to collapse because of its own internal contradictions. • Capitalism embodies its own antithesis, the proletariat, seen by Marx as the ‘gravedigger’ of capitalism. • Capitalism is defined by the creation of profit. This is only possible by the exploitation of the proletariat — that is, by the extraction of surplus value from the workers by the bourgeoisie. • Marx believed that the inherent contradictions of capitalism would cause the proletariat to achieve revolutionary class consciousness. This would occur as capitalism went through a series of deepening crises, leading to the immiseration of the proletariat. This would inevitably result in a proletarian revolution which was destined to overthrow capitalism. 2 Distinguish between fundamentalist and revisionist socialism. • Fundamentalist socialism rejects capitalism entirely and seeks to abolish it. It usually attributes the flaws of capitalism to private property for private profit, and seeks to establish socialism in the form of common ownership and very substantial equality of outcome. The Marxist or communist tradition is the clearest example of fundamentalist socialism. However, some fundamentalists pursue their goals by the parliamentary road — i.e. it is possible to be ‘fundamentalist democrats’ in the parliamentary sense. Eurocommunists...
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...Industrial Revolution Test Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer for each question and mark it on your scantron sheet. Each question is worth three points 1.) Which of the following factors motivated European nation’s to compete for colonies? a. Nationalism b. Communism c. Socialism d. Urbanism 2.) What was a result of the invention of the cotton gin? a. Slaves were no longer needed b. The need for slaves increased c. Farmers stopped growing cotton d. Cotton production decreased 3.) During the Industrial Revolution, how did the factory owners feel about the formation of trade unions? a. The owners encouraged the unions to form b. The owners did not care about the unions c. The owners did not like the unions d. The owners were excited about the unions 4.) Which of the following is the correct definition for collective bargaining? a. Process of negotiation between the United States and Japan b. Process of negotiation between management and union representatives c. Process of expanding educational opportunities for children d. Process of expanding a nation’s control over another nation with force 5.) Which of the following was included in child labor reforms passed by parliament? a. Increased the hours that children could work b. Restricted how many men could work c. Increased the hours that men could work d. Restricted the hours that children could work 6.) Adam Smith is...
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...Winsboro 2009; Gaddis 1997). Emerging out of studies of the cultural dimension of the Cold War, the “religious Cold War” has become a subject of focus for scholars in the past two decades. Dianne Kirby, a professor of history at the University of Ulster, is the primary voice in the literature surrounding religion and the Cold War. Kirby argues that ideology, specifically the religious component, is key to comprehending “perceptions of and responses to the Soviet Union,” beyond the traditional realist lens of analysis, which relies on geopolitical considerations (Kirby, 2003). Religion’s revival in America, the use of religion to frame Communism as a great evil, and U.S. leaders’ reliance on appeals to religion form an encompassing picture of the religious Cold War. In political science literature, religion, if discussed at all, often becomes a black-box term entwined with ideas of belief, culture, and faith. Mike Grimshaw, a professor of sociology for the University of Canterbury, acknowledges the difficulty of defining religion and suggests that attempting to isolate it from culture “reduces religion to a sectarian identity and role” (2011). Religion at its core is a component of cultural identity which binds individuals possessing similar sets of beliefs to one another, contributing to the establishment of a sect, or more broadly, a rudimentary form of community. French sociologist David Émile Durkheim offers a definition of religion that focuses on this social, communal role, stating...
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...Capitalism had matured and the urban working class lost its revolutionary character. Wages had increased and the working class had more rights and better working conditions. Therefore, evolutionary socialism developed, which believed that socialism would develop naturally and peacefully out of liberal capitalism. The Fabian Society introduced parliamentary socialism in the UK and they believed that socialism could be introduced through political action and education. The political action would come from the creation of a socialist party to compete for power while elite groups could be converted to socialism through education. They believed socialism would occur through a gradual process of social reform and the working class would use the ballot box to introduce socialism, which would therefore develop as an evolutionary outgrowth of...
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...Many social , economical, political and historical events happened in 1975. These included the Vietnam War, Spanish dictator Franco dies, the first woman to reach the peak of Mount Everest, and one of the first blockbuster films was released leading to a new era of movie marketing. All of these events changed history as we know it and influenced many other great historical people. On April 30th, 1975 the Vietnam War ended in Vietnam, where it mostly took place. The war itself began in November 1st, 1955, until 19 years and 180 days later when it concluded. The Vietnam War began when the U.S thought communism in Vietnam would become a threat. Before the war started, Vietnam and North Vietnam wanted to unite, but...
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...his life and escape captivity. He later uses the suit and successive versions to protect the world as Iron Man. Through his corporation ― Stark Industries ― Tony has created many military weapons, some of which, along with other technological devices of his making, have been integrated into his suit, helping him fight crime. Initially, Iron Man was a vehicle for Stan Lee to explore Cold War themes, particularly the role of American technology and business in the fight against communism. Subsequent re-imaginings of Iron Man have transitioned from Cold War themes to contemporary concerns, such as corporate crime and terrorism. Throughout most of the character's publication history, Iron Man has been a member of the superhero team the Avengers and has been featured in several incarnations of his own various comic book series. Iron Man has been adapted for several animated TV shows and films. The character is portrayed by Robert Downey, Jr. in the live action film Iron Man (2008), which was a critical and box office success. Downey, who received much acclaim for his performance, reprised the role in several Marvel Cinematic Universe films, including two Iron Man sequels and The Avengers (2012). Iron Man was ranked 12th on IGN's Top 100 Comic Book Heroes in...
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...non-voting observer state at the United Nations * Canada * Czeck Republic * Marshall Islands * Micronesia * Palau * Nauru * Panama * Obama’s policy has been called “leading from behind” * Multi-dimensional approach * Trying to find consensus * Criticism * Pro: being smart considering the volatility of the Middle East * Con: not using America’s power effectively * Obama’s address in Cairo – 2009 1-6. In 1950 the government of Iranian Prime Minister Mossadegh nationalized the AIPOC (Anglo-Iranian Persian Oil Company) owned and operated by Great Britain. The Eisenhower administration finally decided to take action owing to the perceived growing threat of communism in Iran and in August 1953 launched Operation Ajax to overthrow Iran’s democratically elected government. Many observers believe this set the stage 25 years later for the onset in November 1979 of the 1979-81 hostage crisis between Iran and the United States 7-16. During the latter half of the 1950s the United States sought to find a balance in the Middle East between support for Arab nationalism and its western allies. Following the announcement in September 1955 of an arms deal between Egypt and Czechoslovakia the...
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...In 1964, the United States of America became involved in the Vietnam war in order to prevent the spread of communism in Southeast Asia. In If I Die In A Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home, author, Tim O’Brien writes his experiences within the Vietnam war and his aspects of it. If If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me Up and Ship Me Home, author Tim O'Brien describes the events of the Vietnam War as evil and unfair through depictions of his morals, how the war was inhumane and the soldier's experiences in throughout war. Author O’Brien lays out his beliefs on the war as wrong and evil describing it as the result in people dying. O’Brien was drafted into becoming a soldier by the US military. He also saw the was as unfair because of the way...
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...The Political Spectrum is a diagram that splits political thoughts and ideologies into two parts or halves the left and the right. From the center, moving to the left, the attitudes and ideologies grow more liberal, from liberal to radical and from liberalism to communism. Going to the left would be called going to the democratic party. From the middle, moving to the right, the beliefs become more conservative, from conservative to reactionary and from conservatism to monarchism or fascism. The division in this diagram helps to explain and categorize individuals that are both republican and democratic in the United States. In this essay, I will state my political opinions and talk about my stance on issues facing Americans today. In today's...
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...reader with his viewpoints on censorship which provide a parallel perspective comparing how American citizens have lived prior to and after the 9/11 attacks. Bradbury’s novel begins with explicit details describing the burning of books. The opening is somewhat alarming because burning books is not what a normal person would consider to be the duty of a firefighter. The government has made it forbidden and unlawful to read books. As a reader, I could not help myself from thinking back to the times of Communism in the Soviet Union and Nazism in Hitler’s Germany. During the 1950s, in protest to Communism and Nazism, many of the same token books were being burned here in the US. In the film a symbolic relationship between black, evil, Communism, and death is painted by the firefighters jet-black hardened helmets and their jet black flameproof jackets. The color black seems to symbolize the coming of death. The firefighters wore all black uniforms and they rode on a very red box-like shaped vehicle filled with petrol. The red could symbolize blood and the vehicle seems shaped like a casket. Another scene in the film, when the firefighters responded to a call at an apartment complex, seems to portray white supremacy. After the books were found and collected, they were taken outside to be burned so that people of all ages could watch. Not only was this scene a form of propaganda the government used against people to show the...
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...Assignment Cover Sheet Programme Module Name Assignment Number First Names/Surname Student Number Date Submitted Email Postal Address Bachelor of Commerce Year 3 International Business 1 Tamara Kumwenda Nyirenda BCOM1131258 02/24/2015 tamapk@yahoo.com, bcom1131258@myregent.ac.za Private Bag E891, Post Box 524, Manda Hill Lusaka, Zambia Contact Numbers Alternate Contact Name Relationship Contact Number +260950791952, +260966593043 Mercy Blessings Sister +260966593043 I hereby confirm that the assignment submitted herein is my own original Work. Signature of Student 1 Date: 2/04/2015 Question 1.1.1 According to John Gray in his book, False Dawn: The Delusions of Global Capitalism, 1998: p. 2, he defines Globalization the process of international integration arising from the interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture. Advances in transportation and telecommunications infrastructure, including the rise of the telegraph and its posterity the Internet, are major factors in globalization, generating further interdependence of economic and cultural activities. The following are the major points he quoted Technology Technological innovation, diffusion, and adaptation profoundly shape firm capabilities, production patterns, and the quantity and quality of employment in a sector. During these discussions, participants distinguished between technological change, a force wholly exogenous to firms and partially exogenous to nations, and technological...
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...seek a mass uprising of the working class to seize control of the economy and create a society based on common ownership. As the 19th century progressed, in the advanced capitalist states, the attitude for a revolt against a capitalist system depleted. With a rise in wages, an increase in the rights of the working class and better working conditions, the working class lost its revolutionary character and in turn bringing about the development of evolutionary socialism. This developed form of socialism believed that socialism would develop naturally and peacefully as a more liberal form of capitalism presented itself. They believed socialism would occur through a gradual process of social reform and the working class would use the ballot box to introduce socialism, which would therefore develop as an evolutionary outgrowth of capitalism. With the development of socialism, a society called the Fabian Society developed. The Fabian Society is a British socialist organization whose purpose is to advance the principles of socialism via gradualist and reformist means. The society laid many of the foundations of the Labour Party. With the help of the Fabian Society, evolutionary socialism existed for a while in the form of the Labour party however the party’s failure to be elected caused them to tame...
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