...The Affordable Care Act (ACA) expands access to coverage to millions of Americans, a goal health plans have long supported, but major provisions will raise costs and disrupt coverage for individuals, families, employers, and Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries. The broad market reforms outlined in the ACA take effect on January 1, 2014. Individuals and families purchasing insurance in the individual market will be guaranteed coverage for pre-existing conditions, and their premiums cannot vary based on their gender or medical history. There will also be subsidies to help consumers afford the cost of coverage, and new health insurance exchanges will help consumers find the policies that best meet their needs. At the same time, other provisions take effect that will significantly increase the cost of coverage, such as the health insurance tax, minimum essential benefits, and restrictions on age rating. $52 billion in new taxes will be imposed on businesses by mandating that employers provide health insurance. New taxes on drug companies ($27 billion) and medical device makers ($20 billion), as well as new reporting requirements and regulations imposed on physicians, will make access to health care and services more costly and difficult for seniors under Obamacare.The cumulative impact of all of these provisions increases the likelihood that some individuals will choose to purchase insurance only after they become sick or injured, further increasing the cost of coverage for everyone...
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...Paper Epidemiology: Global and Public Health NUR408 October 11, 2009 Comparison Paper Public and community health nursing are specialty areas that have been and will continue to be practiced and each having a specific area of focus. Research has indicated that many individuals tend to see each entity as one and have a misconception that public and community nursing is one in the same (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2008). The misconception is just that, a misconception. In the reading to follow, each area will discussed and one will be able to see the similarities and differences, the history and development and the role that is expected from each area of expertise. Although each specialty works within its main area of focus, the two also work closely together for the good of the individuals within the public and community sectors. Community and public health nurses strive to improve the health status of individuals, families, and populations. History and Development Public health and community health nursing has been in circulation for more than 120 years. Lillian Wald is known for being the established leader in this specialty. The goal of public health nursing has been to develop strategies to respond to prevailing public health problems. One of the earliest traditions of public health in America was similar to the British law known as the, Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 (Stanhope & Lancaster). This law guaranteed medical care for the poor, blind and lame within...
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...Public Health and Health Care HCS/535 Public Health And Health Care Public health agencies can affect one’s workplace in many ways. An organization that does research on developmental health issues has to deal with the Department of Developmental Services or DDS on a regular basis. The Department of Developmental Services is a division of the Health and Human Services and helps create opportunities for people with intellectual disabilities. The DDS plays a major role in public health of the community of developmental disabilities. The role of public agencies in health as a whole helps provide care for the disabled, advocate for social rights and better health for the communities. They also help create a network of workers that are responsible for ensuring that individuals with developmental disabilities have their chance in society and are treated fair and with dignity. The Department of Developmental Services * The Department of Developmental Services is dedicated to creating innovation as well as genuine opportunities for individuals with intellectual disabilities to participate fully and meaningfully in, and contribute to their communities as valued members (HHS, n.d.). The DDS have many principles to help guide them in accomplishing their goal. Some of those principles include respecting each individual by promoting the human and civil rights, and try to prevent neglect and abuse. Also the DDS helps enhance public awareness about people with intellectual disabilities...
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...In this paper I will examine public health resources provided by county, state and on national level. Also, we will look at a brief history of public health resources and important events that led to its changes. The difference between public and community health will also be explained. The National Public Health Performance Standard Program (NPHPSP) sets the framework by which public care is provided on a state and county level by providing information on how to assess the health status of community. This organization teaches how to diagnose health issues of the community, give information to encourage the public to advocate for its self, how to enable partnership within the community, make sure that healthcare is being practiced within legal parameters to protect the community from harm, ensure that local community resources or within the reach and knowledge of the populous of the community. NPHPSP also ensures that measures are taken to guarantee staffing and workforce that is competent and qualified to provide care, thus this represents how public health is provided with national resources (CDC.gov, n.d.). County level public health concentrates for example on making sure that its residents are aware where clinics for low income families are available, where they can get necessary immunization for no or little prize, give information on local food establishments, information on common health topics and concerns. State level public health is concerned more on organizational...
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...Mission of Public Health in America According to Stanhope & Lancaster, the mission of Public Health in America is to “Promote physical and mental health and prevent disease, injury and disability” (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014). Public Health Core Functions and Essential Public Health Services The concept that; the contributions from all public, private and voluntary bodies to the delivery of essential public health services ensures that the health and well-being of the community are acknowledged in assessing the provision of public health services. There are ten Essential Public Health Services which describe the public health activities that all communities should assume. Public Health Core functions include; assessment, public development, and assurance which plays an important role in the Essential Public Health Services. Assessment: “Systematic data collection on the population; monitoring the population’s health status, and making information available about the health of community (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2014)”. Some examples include hazardous wastes sites assessments, conduction risk communication and education about potential environmental risks near such sites. In addition, disease outbreaks are detected and investigated. 1. Monitor health status to identify community health...
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...of the community and public health nurse Community and public health care nursing is a different type of nursing than that of a clinical nurse. The patients people in the community that have a specific needs, the focus is on one major population or a health care issue within a community. The role of these nurses is to provide care to populations that may not otherwise receive care, or provide education about certain conditions, and develop strategies on how to treat and prevent complications based on evidenced based practices. In order to deliver this type of care, a community or public health nurse must have an educational background that includes a strong research base regarding public and community health issues, additionally these nurses must have a pulse on the public and what resources are available to fill the needs of the public. Public health nurses must have excellent critical thinking skills, in that if presented with a disease process that is a community based illness, then they must investigate the origination, recognize that there may be multiple factors involved and diagnose and develop a plan of care to treat. A community or public health nurse is an autonomous figure in that they must treat each case as an individual case until or unless there are similar cases. in the case of individual cases, a diagnosis and treatment plan based on evidenced based practices must be put into place, taking into consideration, the patients resources and the community resources...
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...Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing Identify a minimum of 3 major events (or influences) in the evolution of community and public health nursing and describe how each event led to advancement of the field. For each event, describe the following: Key health issues at the time Perspectives and goals of community and public health nursing Roles and functions of community and public health nursing Community and public health partnerships at the time |Event or Influence: World War I | |Key health issues |Infectious and parasitic diseases, typhoid fever, diphtheria and scarlet fever were the main issues | | |addressed. | |Perspective/goals |The goal was to improve sanitation and reduce occurrences of the diseases. | |Role/functions |Keller and Strohschein (2012) states “in 1911 efforts to control typhoid fever in Yakima County, Washington, | | |and to improve health status in Guilford County, North Carolina, led to establishment of local health units | | |to serve local populations. Public health nurses were the primary staff members of local health departments. | | ...
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...Public Health Layers NUR 408 April 23, 2012 Deborah Nallo Public Health Layers The focus of Public Health continues to shift with time because of various social, economic, and political forces. Exploring the public health layers of history in the Los Angeles County, State of California, and the United States, and a comparison between public and community health nursing is the beginning to increasing our knowledge toward resources available. The history of public health in the county of Los Angeles, California, was established in 1903 when the Board of Supervisors passed an ordinance for the provision of a county health department (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2012). It became a freestanding department in 2006 when it separated from the Department of Health Services. They provide 39 programs, 14 public health centers, and four area health offices in the county of Los Angeles only. Types of services provided are grading restaurants and food markets, inspecting hospitals and nursing homes, monitoring ocean water and providing services through public health centers (Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, 2012). Public health nurses help with preparing residents of Los Angeles for emergencies, providing laboratory services to identify disease, and the collection and analysis of data on the health of the community. Los Angeles County Department of Public health updates the residents regarding the changes with the environment after the recent damage...
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...for families, communities, state and nationally. These resources are available to all individuals regardless of religion, race or sexual preference. Here in Ventura County, we have the Ventura County public health department, and their mission is healthy people, healthy families, and healthy communities. Ventura County Health Care Agency 2015). The state of California has the California Department of public health; their vision is Healthy individuals and families in healthy communities. The California Department of Public Health is dedicated to optimizing the health and well-being of the people in California. (California Department of Public Health 2015). Nationally we have the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and their mission is to enhance and protect the health and well-being of all Americans. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 2015). The Ventura County public health offers many services; some of them are free of cost and others to offer financial assistance to individuals who do not have insurance. Some of the frequently requested services from the public health are emergency medical services, health promotion, and education, communicable disease reporting forms and these are used by family practice and hospitals, and HIV and Aids Center. More over then providing services to the community, the public health department has the following essential services; "Monitor health status to identify health problems, Diagnose and investigate health problems and...
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...Community Emergency Preparedness and Response In addition to a population of approximately 64, 200 residents, the Neighborhood Community is situated near a forest and along the river bank. This community is currently experiencing a forest fire that has lasted for the past five days while destroying huge acres of land and is nearing its town. The efforts to fight the fire are characterized by the battles of firefighters to control the forest fire, health care workers trying to keep patients breathing, and city officials asking citizens to stay indoors. The forest fire in Neighborhood Community is an example of the need for a community to effectively to prepare and respond to emergencies. Summary of the Events As a community located near a forest and along the river bank, Neighborhood community is hugely affected by the dangerous forest fire destroying several acres of land. The smoky condition of the air from the forest fire is affecting residents with pre-existing lung problems suffering the most. As health care professionals are doing all they can to help keep patients breathing, the firefighters are fighting to gain control of the forest fire. The residents are urged to stay indoors by the city officials unless it is associated with the winds blowing the smoke toward the town. Moreover, these officials have also notified the residents that they will inform them of a new plan if the fire advances toward the town. Some of the major areas that are affected by this...
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...Comparison on Public Health and Community Health. Shelly Shew NUR/408 October 29, 2012 Kim Oatman Comparison on Public Health and Community Health Nursing. This paper will reflect the history of public health and significant events related to these agencies. The difference between public and community health will be acknowledged. Also information included on county, state, and national public health resources. There has been measurable growth and expansion over the years in regard to public health and its creation. Identification of Public health goes as far back as the 14th century. Towns and cities created a system known as quarantine to deter the bubonic plague (Black Death). Travelers and merchandise from places known to carry infections put in isolation. This procedure was in use until the 19th century to protect the public from the smallpox, syphilis, and cholera epidemics. Public health established services in 1798 as the Marine Hospital Service. This came about by early efforts of the federal government to provide health care to merchant seamen, protecting seaport cities from epidemics. In 1813 charitable services started by the Ladies Benevolent Society of Charleston, South Carolina, health care to the sick and poor. Another step toward the improvement of public health was the creation of the American Medical Association in 1847. Shortly after their existence this group formed a hygiene committee to conduct sanitary surveys and to develop a system to collect...
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...Community Health Assessment. Preventing the occurrence of genital herpes in the community can be accomplished by educating and targeting changes in sexual behaviors in high-risk populations; young adults aged 20-29 years old. Educating individuals on signs and symptoms, morbidity and mortality data, associated with the disease have increased effectiveness when individuals of high risk groups are targeted. Primary prevention strategies of genital herpes in at-risk populations of young adults can be accomplished using a family-focused practice. Sexual health is a sensitive subject best communicated by family or someone close to the individual. Family-focused practice supplies needed information to young members of the community before...
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...COMPARISON OF PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY HEALTH Comparison of Public and Community Health University of Phoenix NUR/408 Michelle Hogsed July 7, 2014 . Comparison of Public and Community Health Public and community health work simultaneously as well as separately to protect the populations of the world. Public health focuses on the health of an entire nation and community health focuses on health and wellness of various communities. The World Health Organization (WHO) believes that the primary health care setting within communities should be the first point of contact when looking at the health of the world (2014). This paper will research information about county, state, and national public health resources, describe the history of public health, discuss the differences between public and community health. Information about county, state, and national public resources County, state, and national resources play an important role in the resources available to the public health system. It is crucial for these agencies to work together for all areas to have access to the resources, financial, and personnel, and to address the health of populations (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). Resources at the national level operate under the supervision of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS). The USDHHS supervises the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), the Center...
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...Emergency preparedness is the ability of individuals, organizations, and communities to respond to public health emergencies, such as natural disasters, bad weather, bioterrorism, outbreak of diseases, accidents casualties, and chemical or radiation emergencies. The most indigenous role of the federal, state or local government is to protect and prevent citizens from injury or potential harm, which involves helping people to prepare and respond to emergency situation, including people with disabilities. To plan and respond to community emergency require involvement of everybody in the community, including people with disabilities in identifying needs in evaluating operational management. The issues identified with people of disabilities include notification, evacuation, transportation, sheltering, access to information, medication, refrigeration, backup power, and to mobility devices or service animals en route to shelter. Emergency preparedness is pertinent for every community because it could be a life-threatening situation. Summary of the event that took place at the Neighborhood community as read under the course materials section in the newspaper articles and scenarios in the Pearson Health Science Neighborhood in season two, episode five from University of Phoenix student website. The Neighborhood has a population of 64,200, localized close to a forest and beside the bank of a river. The community has been experiencing fire out-break for five days and had caused irreversible...
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...Evolution of Community and Public Health Nursing Identify a minimum of three major events (or influences) in the evolution of community and public health nursing and describe how each event led to advancement of the field. For each event, describe the following: Key health issues at the time Perspectives and goals of community and public health nursing Roles and functions of community and public health nursing Community and public health partnerships at the time |Event or Influence: Florence Nightingale | |Key health issues |Unclean patient environment, poor sanitary conditions delivered by “health care staff”. | |Perspective/goals |She identified a need and advocated for formalized training for women to be trained as nurses. | |Role/functions |She identified that lack of cleanliness in patient care clinical areas was directly linked to poor patient | | |outcomes. She pushed for sanitary conditions in areas where patient care such as dressing changes and wound | | |care were performed as well as cleanliness of equipment used in patient care to reduce the occurrence of | | |wound infections leading to lower death rates. | |Health partnerships...
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