CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, one of our main concern in which we are directly affected and involved at, is on what is happening in our community. Particularly those groups of individuals living in rural communities, being described as those living in country side or far flang areas where in their source of services is from the police, fire department, schools, specially hospitals and health services are most often limited or shared among multiple communities. Since rural life is very different from both city and suburban life, and it needs to be address, a community organizing needs to be adopt. Community organizing is a methodology of community work which originated in the United States. Organizers in the U. S. found it helpful to distinguish their work from three other forms of community based strategies; namely advocacy, service delivery, community development.
Community Organizing, as one of the four community based strategy, is the most effective and accessible instrument used by a group of people involved in decision making thru confrontation meeting to the government corporation and institution. Community Organizing is a process, through which communities are helped to identify common problems or goals, mobilize resources, and develop and implement strategies for reaching their goals they have collectively set by getting together and helping them help themselves. Particularly effective for the poor and powerless as they determine for themselves the actions they will take to deal with the essential forces that are destroying their community and consequently causing them to be powerless. As one of the methods use in developing communities, this research paper aims to discuss the following: 1. Definition of community organizing 2. Methods of community organizing and how are they applied to the different types of community organizing 3. Types of community organizing

CHAPTER II
COMMUNITY ORGANIZING
Community organizing(CO) is a process where people who live in proximity to each other come together into an organization that acts in their shared self-interest, building power through involving a constituency in identifying problems they share and the solutions to those problems that they desire; identifying the people and structures that can make those solutions possible; enlisting those targets in the effort through negotiation and using confrontation and pressure when needed; and building an institution that is democratically controlled by that constituency that can develop the capacity to take on further problems and that embodies the will and the power of that constituency.
CO is a means for empowering people; its primary aim is to transform a situation of societal injustice, inequality and poverty. It is a social development approach to transform the apathetic, individualistic and voiceless poor into a dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community. At times, CO is likened to "a form of experiential learning, a radicalized non-formal educational process."
During the 1994 National Rural CO Conference, CO was defined as a collective, participatory, transformative, liberalize, sustained and systematic process of building people's organizations by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their issues and concerns towards effecting change in their existing and oppressive exploitative conditions.

CO Principles 1. The social condition of the poor itself gives opportunities to conscienticize the people. 2. Tactics should be within the experience of the people and outside the experience of the target. 3. People generally act on the basis of their self-interest. 4. Man learns more effectively and more deeply from his own actual experiences. Hence the importance of reflections on his actions, his experiences. Action – reflection form an integral part of the CO methodology. 5. The process of organizing moves from simple, concrete, short term and personal issues to more complex, abstract, long-term and systemic issues. 6. Man needs to deepen and widen his horizon, therefore, he must move from the particular to the universal, from the concrete to the abstract, to apply one's experience and its lesson to another situation. Hence, there is a need for theories, a need to read, and to meet other experiences learned in order to bring about the widening and deepening of each man's individual horizon. 7. Throughout the organizing process, the people must make their own decisions.

A. METHODS OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING 1. Locality Development
Can be defined as improving process, it, like all community organizing, must be focused on action and results. You can't get people involved in a process, or in creating a process, unless there's some goal at the end, whether that's persuading the city to install a new traffic light or ending poverty. That's why, when we discuss how to engage in and use locality development, we include choosing issues that speak to felt community needs. Only by focusing on taking action to achieve outcomes that address those issues are you likely to get citizens involved. A broad self help method in which local citizens develop new skills and become more self sufficient; stresses consensus and cooperation; desire to build group identity, sense of community and cohesion.

2. Social Planning and Policy Change
Oriented towards policy solutions, changing or passing laws or regulations to address problems or conditions, particularly those initiated by officials or other leaders from inside or outside the community. These policies should be determined through a participatory process that involves everyone they benefit or otherwise affect. This model often involves people with expertise from outside the community working with community members on strategy and planning. Stresses problem solving, utilizes skilled volunteers or expert practitioners in the community; uses a technical process of problem solving; heavily task oriented.

3. Social Action
It is based on the assumption that there is strength in numbers. By banding together and taking action, ordinary people gain the political or economic power to create change. Social action is often necessary -- and often used -- where serious inequity exists and there is no will on the part of those in power to correct it. The group disadvantaged by this situation, through collective action, can gain and exercise power, and bring about a more equitable distribution of official attention and resources. It’s a technique that involves the redistribution of power and resources to disadvantaged segments of the population; aims to increase communities' capacity to solve problems and achieve real change.

Process and Steps for Successful Implementation of the Community Organizing
Community organizing requires careful planning just like government and business. There are eight steps involved in community organizing work. 1. Identify the issue. In this step, information about the problems that exist in communities is gathered. The community organizer carries out most of this initial work by conducting hundreds of personal interviews with citizens. Citizens then sort out these problems, choose one, and begin working on it. The problem is then narrowed down and particular solution(s) are identified.

Criteria for identifying an issue
A variety of criteria should be considered in choosing an issue. Not all of these criteria will apply in every situation, but the ability to maximize the largest number of them would be optimal. Consider following this checklist of possibilities before choosing an issue: * Results in real improvements in people’s lives * Gives people a sense of power and therefore alters the relations of power * Is worthwhile and winnable * Is widely felt and deeply felt * Is easy to understand * Has a clear target * Has a clear time frame that works for you * Is non-divisive and builds leadership * Sets your organization up for the next campaign * Is consistent with the organization’s values and vision * Develops a strategic plan * Tactics and action

2. Get the background information on the issue. Doing our homework is still important. To be effective in the public arena, we must be competent in our work. This requires that we know all that we can about the issue, who has the power to bring about changes we want. Ideas about what will be needed to bring about these changes are especially essential.

3. Define the goal. At this stage the group really focuses on its task. The agenda here is to not only clarify the actually goal in terms of solving the issue, but to also clarify the goals for the group itself. The question that has to be asked here is: What do you want the results of your work to be?

4. Plan the strategy. Many new groups start the process of community organizing at this stage, and it is usually a mistake. It happens very often that when community groups get together for the first time, they talk briefly about a problem, and immediately start discussing possible tactics, for example writing a petition, or arranging a meeting with the local city council member(s). Unfortunately, this usually leads to failure, as groups are not prepared to discuss strategy until they have completed the previous three steps. With the goal in place, the group can then proceed towards identifying the possible supporters and opponents, the target group for of the campaign (i.e. who has the power at the lowest level to implement the requested change) and then possible tactics which could be employed to bring about change. This requires an analysis of the power and what power the target has vs. the power of the group. The strategy plan should take all of this into account.

5. Get support. Since our main source of power is people, we need to work hard to get citizens involved. Unfortunately, very often people tend to generalize, and assume that because some individuals do not wish to get involved in community organizing the entire city population will act the same way. This is often the most difficult and discouraging part of community organizing work. Therefore, we need to work constantly to find techniques to acquire the needed support. Another key to success is having well trained organizers. 6. Take action. This is really the heart of organizing. It is through action that people truly learn about their power and the public arena. It is through action that we also define who we are as a group, and what actual power we have. This is also the time when real leaders step up. Talkers will move aside. The process for implementation will need to be adapted to each country, their culture and conditions. This only adds to the time required to be able to implement this type of program. 7. Assess results. It is critical to constantly strive to learn more about community organizing. By assessing actions and strategies, we begin to learn what it truly means to be citizens.

8. Modify strategy and try again. If changes are needed in our strategy, those changes must be made and those involved must be prepared to do the work required. In some cases, however, it is possible that one conclusion would be move on to another issue, since the current one is not successful.

Risks/Obstacles
There are several risks and obstacles, which should be considered before starting a community-organizing project. The first is that a long-term commitment of funding and supervision and training is required if there is any chance of success. Even with an adequate start of three years minimum, considerable attention will need to be given to long-term funding as this will continually be a major difficulty.
Secondly, it is important that the work be adapted to the culture and conditions of the community involved. Also, it is critical to be persistent despite the repeated resistance of “we can’t do that here”.
It is also important that citizens experience success. If the initial campaigns are too difficult and victories are not won, they will become discouraged. Choosing smaller issues initially that are winnable is generally a better strategy in order to build for the long-term. Generally, an open and supportive relationship with government or businesses will assist this but an antagonistic relationship can paradoxically build the capacity of the organization in a very significant manner as well if it is handled well.

B. TYPES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING 1. Grassroots
It’s ideal is to build community groups from scratch; helping with new leadership and helping unorganized groups become organized; typically are very small and often geographically based with efforts organized around low and moderate income people; ACORN; Grassroots is best because it starts from scratch, reaches all people not just church goers, can also be referred to as "door knocking".
While it employs a “values-based” process, where people are brought together to act in the interest of their communities and the common good, it is not necessarily rooted in religious beliefs or faith-groups. Key elements are organization-building, leadership development, and the accrual of power. Labor organizing and neighborhood block-group organizations are good examples.

2. Faith Based Community Organizing
FBCOs base their actions on deeply-held religious beliefs, either within an individual faith group or across denominational lines. Like GCO, FBCOs concentrate on developing power and relationships through a community of institutions such as congregations. Non-religious institutions may also be invited to participate. Rooted in bringing people together through local religious institutions to work on communities’ behalf.

3. Coalitions
Coalition-building seeks to unite groups that are already formed. It concentrates less on leadership-development, since each group within the coalition usually has its own defined leadership, which may or may not be grassroots-based. While coalitions do seek to create power and effect change, they are generally top-heavy in governance. They are often formed around single-issues or hot topics, and they are often short-term. Centered around mobilizing groups, public interest groups, unions, etc. that are already established in order to affect public policy or to address a common concern such as a crisis in school.

CHAPTER III
SUMMARY
In this research paper, Community Organizing is a combination of three things: * Building power through involving a constituency in identifying problems they share and the solutions to those problems that they desire; * Identifying the people and structures that can make those solutions possible, enlisting those targets in the effort through negotiation, and using confrontation and pressure when needed; * Building a community-based organization that is democratically controlled by a constituency and can develop the capacity to take on further problems, and that embodies the will and the power of that constituency. There are three methods involved in Community Organizing: locality development, social planning, and social action. The said methods are being implemented to the different types of Community Organizing, the Grassroot, faith based community organizing, and Coalitions.

BIBLIOGRAPHY * http://comm-org.wisc.edu/papers97/beckwith.htm#whatisco * http://www.comultiversity.org.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&catid=36:features&id=49:community-organizing-co * http://purslane.wordpress.com/2008/06/15/community-organizing-4-phases-17-steps/ * http://cec.vcn.bc.ca/cmp/modules/mnt-org.htm * http://www.citizenshandbook.org/1_00_intro_organizing.html