...Merging Information Technology and Cultures at Compaq-Digital (A): Meeting Day One Objectives On June 11, 1998, stockholders of Digital Equipment Corporation approved its acquisition by Compaq Computer Corporation, creating a $37 billion (US) personal computer and computing services firm. Within an hour of the stockholder vote, the more than 100,000 employees of the new Compaq were able to access a smgle e-mail directory via a corporate network that linked its world-wide sites. The IT units of the individual firms had banded together to successfully deliver their Day One objectives: There wasn't a whole lot of time to decide who was going to make what decision. As a team we marched off to figure out how we were going to get the networks to talk together even though they weren't the same technology. We figured out how to share mail, messaging—that kind of thing. It just had to happen pretty quickly. So we had a common task that we both went after. —Fred Jones. Vice President, Information Services. Compaq Experts inside and outside the firm recognized that the Compaq-Digital merger created a firm that could rival Hewlett-Packard and even IBM. But in order to leverage the potential synergies, Compaq's management team would need to overcome the challenges posed by the two firms' very different business models and cultures. Company Backgrounds Established in 1957, Digital Equipment Corporation introduced minicomputers to corporate computing environments. As minicomputers...
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...When we talk about acquisitions or takeovers, we are talking about a number of different transactions. These transactions can range from one firm merging with another firm to create a new firm to managers of a firm acquiring the firm from its stockholders and creating a private firm. We begin this section by looking at the different forms taken by takeovers. 1. TAKEOVER A corporate action where an acquiring company makes a bid for an acquire. If the target company is publicly traded, the acquiring company will make an offer for the outstanding shares. There are three types of takeovers: 1.1 Friendly takeovers A "friendly takeover" is an acquisition which is approved by the management. Before a bidder makes an offer for another company, it usually first informs the company's board of directors. In an ideal world, if the board feels that accepting the offer serves the shareholders better than rejecting it, it recommends the offer be accepted by the shareholders. 1.2 Hostile takeovers A "hostile takeover" allows a suitor to take over a target company whose management is unwilling to agree to a merger or takeover. A takeover is considered "hostile" if the target company's board rejects the offer, but the bidder continues to pursue it, or the bidder makes the offer directly after having announced its firm intention to make an offer. A hostile takeover can be conducted in several ways. A tender offer can be made where the acquiring company makes a public offer at a...
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...Acquisition Valuation Aswath Damodaran Aswath Damodaran 1 Issues in Acquisition Valuation I Acquisition valuations are complex, because the valuation often involved issues like synergy and control, which go beyond just valuing a target firm. It is important on the right sequence, including • When should you consider synergy? • Where does the method of payment enter the process. I I Can synergy be valued, and if so, how? What is the value of control? How can you estimate the value? Aswath Damodaran 2 Steps involved in an Acquisition Valuation I I I I I Step 1: Establish a motive for the acquisition Step 2: Choose a target Step 3: Value the target with the acquisition motive built in. Step 4: Decide on the mode of payment - cash or stock, and if cash, arrange for financing - debt or equity. Step 5: Choose the accounting method for the merger/acquisition purchase or pooling. Aswath Damodaran 3 Step 1: Motives behind acquisitions (1) Simplest rationale is undervaluation, i.e., that firms that are undervalued by financial markets, relative to true value, will be targeted for acquisition by those who recognize this anomaly. (2) A more controversial reason is diversification, with the intent of stabilizing earnings and reducing risk. (3) Synergy refers to the potential additional value from combining two firms, either from operational or financial sources. • • Operating Synergy can come from higher growth or lower costs Financial Synergy...
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...1 ACQUISITIONS AND TAKEOVERS When analyzing investment decisions, we did not consider in any detail the largest investment decisions that most firms make, i.e., their acquisitions of other firms. Boeing’s largest investment of the last decade was not a new commercial aircraft but its acquisition of McDonnell Douglas in 1996. At the time of the acquisition, Boeing's managers were optimistic about the merger, claiming that it would create substantial value for the stockholders of both firms. What are the principles that govern acquisitions? Should they be judged differently from other investments? Firms are acquired for a number of reasons. In the 1960s and 1970s, firms such as Gulf and Western and ITT built themselves into conglomerates by acquiring firms in other lines of business. In the 1980s, corporate giants like Time, Beatrice and RJR Nabisco were acquired by other firms, their own management or wealthy raiders, who saw potential value in restructuring or breaking up these firms. In the 1990s, we saw a wave of consolidation in the media business as telecommunications firms acquired entertainment firms, and entertainment firms acquired cable businesses. Through time, firms have also acquired or merged with other firms to gain the benefits of synergy, in the form of either higher growth, as in the Disney acquisition of Capital Cities, or lower costs. Acquisitions seem to offer firms a short cut to their strategic objectives, but the process has its costs. In this chapter,...
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...software, but being first wasn't enough. Siebel needed to fight off rival start-ups by developing critical mass fast; and that demanded the support of seasoned partners to help break into international corporate accounts. Today the company refers to its web of alliances with hardware companies, software companies, consulting firms and service providers as a "partner ecosystem". Siebel's is not an entirely benign ecosystem, though; it is inhabited by some of the most dangerous corporate predators in the IT sector - companies such as Microsoft, Cisco, Compaq and IBM. These are companies that compete and yet collaborate, and even while they collaborate they compete. Siebel's ecosystem is the tense model with which millennial management will have to come to grips. Dean Blomson, vice-president of consulting firm Cap Gemini Ernst & Young, says mergers and alliances in the networked economy are "the structural response to the digital era". Technology has catalysed the alliance trend on two fronts. First, technology has delivered the information and communications infrastructure, plus transport systems that can support global business. Second, technology is prompting change at such speed that...
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...Change management project: The HP merger with Compaq Table of content: • HP- presentation • Subject of change- Hp’s merger with Compaq • Promoters of the change and their motivation • Resisting forces • Critical mass • Trigger. Reducing resisting forces. Results • Change process-dynamics of the forces that promote change and the inertial forces • Analysis of the result. Residual stress • Conclusions HP In 1938, two Stanford graduates in electrical engineering, William Hewlett and David Packard, started their own business in a garage behind Packard’s Palo Alto home. One year later, Hewlett and Packard formalized their business into a partnership called Hewlett-Packard. HP was incorporated in 1947 and began offering stock for public trading 10 years later. Annual net revenue for the company grew from $5.5 million in 1951 to $3 billion in 1980. By 1997, annual net revenue exceeded $42 billion and HP had become the world’s second largest computer supplier. HP posted net revenue in 2009 was $115 billion, with approximately $40 billion coming from services. In 2006, the intense competition between HP and IBM tipped in HP's favor, with HP posting revenue of US$91.7 billion, compared to US$91.4 billion for IBM; the gap between the companies widened to $21 billion in 2009. In 2007, HP's revenue was $104 billion,] making HP the first IT company in history to report revenues exceeding $100 billion In 2008 HP...
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...McShane−Von Glinow: Organizational Behavior, Second Edition Part Four Organizational Processes Organizational Culture © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2002 C H A P T E R 15 Organizational Culture AFTER READING THIS CHAPTER , YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO : Learning Objectives I Describe the elements of organizational culture. I Discuss the importance of organizational subcultures. I List four categories of artifacts through which corporate culture is communicated. I Identify three functions of organizational culture. I Discuss the conditions under which cultural strength improves corporate performance. I Discuss the effect of organizational culture on business ethics. I Compare and contrast four strategies for merging organizational cultures. I Identify five strategies to strengthen an organization’s culture. McShane−Von Glinow: Organizational Behavior, Second Edition Part Four Organizational Processes Organizational Culture © The McGraw−Hill Companies, 2002 C arly Fiorina is taking Hewlett-Packard back to the future by reformulating the California-based technology company’s legendary culture, known as the H-P Way. “The H-P Way is about innovation; trust and respect and integrity; contribution to community; and performance,” says Fiorina, H-P’s first CEO hired from outside the company. The problem, she argues, is that employees have distorted these values over the years. “The H-P Way has been misinterpreted and twisted as a gentle bureaucracy...
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...TRANSFORMATION Leadership at HP | Under supervision of DR. Ahmed Farouk | | This report will present transformation process of hp corp. By discussing the following topics: Organization background, organization culture specifically “hp way”, One of the leaders who leaded the company towards a great transformation, hp before and after the transformation and finally discussing the role of the human resource in the transformation process. | | | 1/30/2012 | | CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………………… | 03 | 2. ORGANIZATION BACKGROUND ……………………………………………………………….2.1 HP Background …………………………………………………………………………………..2.2 HP Mission Statements …………………………………………………………………………..2.2 HP Vision Statements ……………………………………………………………………………2.3 HP Workforce …………………………………………………………………………………… | 0505111212 | 3. THE RISE AND FALL OF "THE HP WAY" ……………………………...................................... 3.1 Rising the HP Way ……………………………………………………………………………….3.2 Losing the HP Way ……………………………………………………………............................ | 131316 | 4. HP SIGNIFICANT TRANSFORMATION ……………………………………………………….. 4.1 HP Before The Transformation …………………………………………………………………4.1.1 Lewis Platt ……………………………………………………………………………4.1.2 HP's Carly Fiorina: The CEO of HP …………………………………………………4.1.3 HP's Carly Fiorina: The Transformation leader ……………………………………...4.2 Hp Transformation ………………………………………………………………………………...
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...A CASE STUDY PRESENTED BY: MELWIN G. MENDE MBA -2 MARKETING MANAGEMENT BA213 III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Dell computer was founded by Michael Dell at age of twenty one in his dorm at the University of Texas, Austin. Dell’s strategy is to build computer so that it can be order by the consumers. It’s build to order strategy has made Dell the most successful company in the information technology field. Dell sells its machines and other equipments directly to customers so it has eliminated the middleman. Dell has high margin because of direct sale strategy and customers get excellent state of the art machines at low cost compare to Dell’s competitors. Michael Dell’s visionary leadership has made Dell the second most successful PC maker in the industry. (IBM is the leader). Dell’s ability to adapt to changing circumstances is its great strength. One week after the September 11th 2001 attack, Dell reported selling 24,000 servers and desktops. Dell established mobile technology park in Washington D.C. and New York by converting three eighteen wheel trucks and operated its factories round the clock to fulfill the unexpected customers demand. The trustworthy relationship between Dell’s management and work force made it possible to change the disastrous moment in the I.T industry to a great opportunity for the organization. Dell has very user friendly web site and half of Dell’s sale, half of tech support and three quarter of order status...
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...C H A P T E R Organizational Culture Learning Objectives After reading this chapter, you should be able to: • Describe the elements of organizational culture. • Discuss the importance of organizational subcultures. • List four categories of artifacts through which corporate culture is communicated. • Identify three functions of organizational culture. • Discuss the conditions under which cultural strength improves corporate performance. • Discuss the effect of organizational culture on business ethics. • Compare and contrast four strategies for merging organizational cultures. • Identify five strategies to strengthen an organization’s culture. 16 S I X T E E N 496 T o an outsider, PeopleSoft is one of the loopiest places on the planet. The Pleasanton, California, business management software company has nerf ball shootouts and minigolf tournaments in the hallways. Dress-down day is every day of the week. A white collar is usually a T-shirt. The bagels and gourmet coffee are free. Having fun is so ingrained that many employees—called PeoplePeople—say it’s the best place to have a bad day. PeopleSoft also values egalitarianism— treating everyone with respect and minimal status differences. Executives don’t have secretaries, special perks, or grandiose offices. “Don’t kiss up and slap down,” PeopleSoft cofounder Dave Duffield reminds everyone. In other words, give the bagel delivery guy the same respect as the company president. PeopleSoft is also extreme on...
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...for evaluating e-commerce business models and strategies Chung-Shing Lee The author Chung-Shing Lee is Director of Electronic Commerce Resource Center and an Assistant Professor of Information Systems and Technology Management in the School of Business at Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, USA. Keywords Internet, Economy, Innovation, Strategy Abstract Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a ``disruptive’’ innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. The industry is moving so fast because it operates under totally different principles and work rules in the digital economy. A general rule in e-commerce is that there is no simple prescription and almost no such thing as an established business or revenue model for companies even within the same industry. Under such conditions, an analytical framework is needed to assist e-commerce planners and strategic managers in assessing the critical success factors when formulating e-commerce business models and strategies. This research develops an analytical framework based on the theories of transaction costs and switching costs. Both demand-side and supply-side economies of scale and scope are also applied to the development of this framework. In addition, e-commerce revenue models and strategies are also discussed. Based on the analytical framework...
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...analytical framework for evaluating e-commerce business models and strategies Chung-Shing Lee The author Chung-Shing Lee is Director of Electronic Commerce Resource Center and an Assistant Professor of Information Systems and Technology Management in the School of Business at Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, Washington, USA. Keywords Internet, Economy, Innovation, Strategy Abstract Electronic commerce or business is more than just another way to sustain or enhance existing business practices. Rather, e-commerce is a paradigm shift. It is a ``disruptive’’ innovation that is radically changing the traditional way of doing business. The industry is moving so fast because it operates under totally different principles and work rules in the digital economy. A general rule in e-commerce is that there is no simple prescription and almost no such thing as an established business or revenue model for companies even within the same industry. Under such conditions, an analytical framework is needed to assist e-commerce planners and strategic managers in assessing the critical success factors when formulating e-commerce business models and strategies. This research develops an analytical framework based on the theories of transaction costs and switching costs. Both demand-side and supply-side economies of scale and scope are also applied to the development of this framework. In addition, e-commerce revenue models and strategies are also discussed. Based on the analytical framework developed...
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...COURSES 1& 2 The Intangible Economy: an Overview. Understanding Economic Change Generally speaking and according to our perception at present, we could say that production and products pertain to the material universe: production, which is based on natural resources and energy, is fundamentally tangible. We got so used to this idea that we do not attempt to analyze it any more. Our economic and legal constructions are based on production, ownership and exchange of tangible goods. Economy, as it appeared after the industrial revolution, comprised activities related to the transformation of natural resources and was mainly an economy of goods. Under the mass production system with homogenous goods, the knowledge content of goods was low and the most important phase of the production process was manufacturing, since firms relied on economies of scale for market performance. Hence, the tangible aspects of factors of production were the most important (productivity thereby explained by the amount of physical capital and quantity of labor employed). Nevertheless, with the development of the economy and society as a whole, the importance of knowledge increased, leading to information and ideas playing a crucial role in determining economic performance. Nowadays, the knowledge content of goods is higher, and the pre- and post- manufacturing phases are crucial for value creation. The new type of economy that is emerging is more about a shift of mindset relating to building and...
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...INTRODUCTION A. Origin of the report: This report on “Features, Advantages, Disadvantages and Price of Desktop Computer, Laptop Computer, Palmtop Computer, PDA and Mobile Phone” is submitted to Tahmina Khanam, course teacher of the course MGT 308 “Computing Fundamental” on July 02, 2009. The information of the report has been conducted under the direction of Lecturer Tahmina Khanam. B. Purposes: To find out the different features of different types of computer and latest technology and their advantages, disadvantages and prices. C. Scope of the study The frontier of the report is that it only discusses about desktop computer, laptop computer, palmtop computer, PDA and mobile phone. We have known a lot of things through the internet. D. The Limitations of the study The report has some limitations. The websites did not provide clear information about a lot of topics. Everything in there is very complicated. E. Methodology There are two types of method by which we have collected all the data and information. The first method is that we went to computer sales centre to know about the computers features and prices. The second is that we searched the internet for further information. The data and other analysis those have been done in this report are on the basis of the course “MGT-308 – Computing Fundamental”. F. Report Preview We discuss one by one the types of the computer. And we also include features, advantages, disadvantages and price with...
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...Seagate Technology Buyout I. INTRODUCTION In 1999, Seagate Technology, Inc., decided that in order to increase their market value, they needed to make some big changes. Due to their undervalued stock price, Seagate decided to undergo a leveraged buyout (LBO) with Silver Lake Partners L.P. During this time, four main concerns arose among the parties involved: • • • • How can Seagate address the company’s low stock price? How should the buyout be financed? What should the capital structure look like? How much should investors pay to acquire Seagate’s disk drive operations? How can Seagate address VERITAS Software Corporation’s needs and concerns? After analyzing the case and talking to executives at Silver Lake and Seagate, we think that Seagate’s low stock price is best addressed by a leveraged buyout with a new capital structure composed of 45% equity and 55% debt. Furthermore, we have found that the company is worth approximately $2 billion in the buyout. Finally, VERITAS should agree to participate in the deal because they will also win by retiring a portion of their stock. The subsequent sections of this report will further explain how we arrived at these conclusions. II. ASSUMPTIONS In analyzing the capital structure, the value of the company, and stock price of Seagate Technology, we are operating under the following assumptions: • • • Corporate tax rate of 34% Market risk premium of 9% (based on 75-year historic average) Capital expenditures from Projected Operating...
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