...explains how sports helped build his character but also damage it. First he reminisces about his highschool years as a football player. Second...
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...sport games FUTSAL AND FOOTBALL Both futsal and football are exciting sports. For both of the games, the instruments used are almost the same. Besides the concept of the games and the interaction of the players during the games are also quite similar for both games. Most of the times, a lot of people may think that have no differences between futsal and football. In contrast, that has some differences between two games. First of all, the differences between futsal and football are the rules of the games. For futsal, they are only 20 minutes in a game which is shorter of the time period comparing to football. During the games, no offside rules available in the futsal games and the players sent off can be substitute after 2 minutes. The goalkeeper can hold the ball for 4 seconds and that is no pass back to goalkeeper. While for the football game, the game only contains 45 minutes of the time period. Other than that, the offside rules are available in this game and that is no substitutions happen for players sent off. There is no time limit for goalkeeper to hold the ball and I can pass back the ball to the goalkeeper once the ball was kicked out. Furthermore, venues for both of the games are totally difference. Let’s talk to the futsal game first, for the futsal, the venue of the game should be run through over hard court surface. The length of the court may be around 38 to 42 meters and the width is between 38 to 22 meters. Instead, for the football game, the game runs through...
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...Madrid Football Club: A New Model of Business Organization for Sports Clubs in Spain World soccer clubs, constrained by their inability to increase their income from their traditional businesses, have begun to adopt strategies to transform themselves into modern sports and media companies. Under the recent presidency of Florentino Pérez, the Spanish football club Real Madrid presents a good example of the application of this expanded vision. One of the fundamental pillars of this model has involved designing and implementing a new marketing strategy aimed at strengthening the value of the club's brand. The adoption of this model has resulted in a significant increase in income from marketing. Undeniably, in this area, Real Madrid has become the leader in world soccer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. MIGUEL BLANCO CALLEJO AND FRANCISCO J AV I E R F O R C A D E L L America. The key aspect of this conception resides in the idea that sports clubs can behave as brands, and the essential principle is to exploit the sponsorship plan and sale of products, together with the commercialization and sale of audio-visual and television rights of sporting events. In soccer, Manchester United in the United Kingdom was the pioneer in commercially exploiting its brand on an international level, and this strategy was highly successful in the 1990s. During the early years of the 21st century, however, Real Madrid has gained the position of “commercial leadership” within the world soccer market...
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...consumed more by male teams such as the football, basketball and wrestling teams, as compared to the female golf, swimming, volleyball, teams. For example, another way of allocating the indirect costs could be based on the proportion of direct cost incurred by male and female athletes, because the indirect costs, except for sports conditioning and student development, don’t tend to vary with the number of athletes. If this approach were used, the proportional indirect cost for male athletes would be 70.54% of the total and 29.46% for female athletes. This would incur a total indirect cost for the male athletes equal to $5,557,492.49 and for the female athletes equal to $2,321,005.51. So, the cost per male athlete would be $39,776.22 (= 11,256,669.49 ÷ 283), and the cost per female athlete would be $24,614.09 (=4,701,290.51 ÷ 191). As we can see, this method would indicate an increase in discrepancy. 2) Current cost per male athlete = $36,760 Current cost per female athlete = $29,084 Men Women Direct Cost 2,346,200 2,380,285 + Indirect Cost 3,908,067.61 3,970,430.39 Total Cost 6,254,267.61 6,350,715.39 ÷ #of Students 188 191 Total Cost per Athlete 33,267.38 33,249.82 This option is fairer because it brings both direct and indirect cost between male and female athletes more in line which would comply with Title IX. The problem is that the school will not want to eliminate the male football team because it is a revenue sport and given...
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...Downloaded by [University of Ottawa] at 14:44 24 March 2014 Football, Violence and Social Identity Downloaded by [University of Ottawa] at 14:44 24 March 2014 As the 1994 World Cup competition in the USA again demonstrates, football is one of the most popular participant and spectator sports around the world. The fortunes of teams can have great significance for the communities they represent at both local and national levels. Social and cultural analysts have only recently started to investigate the wide variety of customs, values and social patterns that surround the game in different societies. This volume contributes to the widening focus of research by presenting new data and explanations of football-related violence. Episodes of violence associated with football are relatively infrequent, but the occasional violent events which attract great media attention have their roots in the rituals of the matches, the loyalties and identities of players and crowds and the wider cultures and politics of the host societies. This book provides a unique cross-national examination of patterns of order and conflict surrounding football matches from this perspective with examples provided by expert contributors from Scotland, England, Norway, the Netherlands, Italy, Argentina and the USA. This book will be of interest to an international readership of informed soccer and sport enthusiasts and students of sport, leisure, society, deviance and culture. Richard Giulianotti, Norman...
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...Nike Corporation is the world’s most successful innovative in the market when it comes to footwear, athletic clothing as well as equipment. Nike focuses its product offerings in several categories like basketball, football, soccer, baseball, training and running. Nike continues to display excellence with promoting their products by partnering with superstar athletes, pro sports teams as well as with college sports, so Nike relies mainly the ability to endorse and sponsor to be able to promote on its own. In 2008, Nike spent over $260 million on sponsorships and endorsing the brand. Nike Corporation provides creative advertisement deals with cricket teams in India well as providing sponsorship deals with Manchester Unite soccer team and soccer teams in other countries in Brazil and Portugal. Nike utilizes sponsorships deals to allow the Nike “Just Do It” logo to be displayed on each uniform as well as being on the inside of stadiums and arenas across the world, which continues to promote visibility of their products. Nike’s distribution channels and retail model Nike distributes its products through three major channels: By selling products to wholesalers in the US and international markets By direct-to-consumer(or DTC) sales, which include in line and factory retail outlets and e-commerce sales through www.nike.com Sales to global brand divisions.NIKE, Inc.has also tried to create category-specific retail destinations by partnering with footwear retailers such as Foot Locker...
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...Executive Summary: The purpose of this assignment is to learn about strategy and strategic management by comparing the strategies of two companies from the same industry. The strategies of Nike and Adidas have been compared from the textile industry. Nike and Adidas both specialize in footwear, apparel and accessories and their competition is intense as Nike is the market leader and Adidas is the market challenger. The topics in this assignment cover critical incidents of both Nike and Adidas that occurred in the past and the comparison between both their strategies as well their future plans. This assignment shows us the influence the strategy has on the success or failure of companies and how companies craft sustainable strategies that help them to retain their position in the market. Table of Contents Page 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Literature review 1 3.0 Backgrounds of Nike and Adidas 2 3.1 Company overview of Nike 2 3.2 Company overview of Adidas 2 4.0 Critical Incidents that occurred in the past 3 4.1 Critical incidents that affected Nike 3 4.2 Critical incidents that affected Adidas 5 5.0 Comparison of the strategies of the companies 8 5.1 Strategies of Nike 8 5.2 Strategies of Adidas 9 5.3 Comparison of the strategies of Nike and Adidas ...
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...Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning (eds.) Statistical Thinking in Sports CRC PRESS Boca Raton Ann Arbor London Tokyo Contents 1 Introduction Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Patterns of world records in sports (2 articles) . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Competition, rankings and betting in soccer (3 articles) . . 1.1.3 An investigation into some popular baseball myths (3 articles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Uncertainty of attendance at sports events (2 articles) . . . 1.1.5 Home advantage, myths in tennis, drafting in hockey pools, American football . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modelling the development of world records in running Gerard H. Kuper and Elmer Sterken 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Modelling world records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Cross-sectional approach . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Fitting the individual curves . . . . . . . . 2.3 Selection of the functional form . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Candidate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 Theoretical selection of curves . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Fitting the models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.4 The Gompertz curve in more detail...
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...professional gamers most alike is that both require an incredible amount of skill and dedication. Not any average person can pick up a video game controller and play at the level of a top pro gamer just like not any average person can pick up a basketball and be the next Michael Jordan. People argue that gamers don’t work as hard, but they have to put just as many hours of work that traditional athletes put in training. Some athletes push their body to the utmost limit and put out tons of work controlling and improving their diet. So playing a video game for hours a day equates to completely changing your diet and hours of rigorous physical training? No, it does not, but we are not comparing the sports, just like golf doesn’t require as much physical abilities and intense physical training as soccer does. Every sport is different, but they all require lots of dedication and skill. Critics of professional gamers even go to far as say professional gamers are video game addicts for playing as much as they do to prepare for a gaming tournament, but would they call Michael Phelps and addict for swimming as much as...
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...social responsibility than most of football clubs. It is the most successful football clubs in the UK. Its goal is to build corporate communities by motivating, educating and inspiring the future genrations. Compared to gilligham fc, in the last 5years , it has established cohesion projects that target young people.it uses the appeal of football to offer young people a safe environment and help them develop their potentials in football. According to (United, 2013), Manchester football club aims to reduce crime cases by providing op[opportunities for youth involvement, encouraging personal development through volunteer works, promote active participation in other sporting activities as well as football and educate young people about making the right lifestyle choices. It started its community cohesion with a project developed by the premiere league and metropolitan police. Since then it has developed short and long term projects that suit the needs of communities. There is identification of participants as young as 8 to 19years old who have very little home stability, are unemployed or are surrounded by poverty. The project operates We currently operate 6 separate cohesion projects that cover 13 sessions of a 2-3 hour duration for 48 weeks of the year. The sessions operate in the evenings and weekends when other services are not available and when the need for diversionary activities is at its highest. Sessions are free and include football and alternative activities such as music...
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...INTRODUCTION The Malaysia national football team is the national team of Malaysia and is controlled by the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM). It has never qualified for the World Cup finals, although the team did qualify to play in the 1980 Olympics in Moscow. However, Malaysia did not take part after heeding a United States-led boycott of the Games due to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The most significant successes of the team has come in the regional AFC Suzuki Cup, which Malaysia won in 2010 for the first time in history. They beat Indonesia 4–2 on aggregate in the final to capture the country's first major international football title. Malaysia had many top players since the creation of the Federation of Malaya, such as Tan Sri Datuk Abdul Ghani Minhat, who was remembered for his lethal skills as a striker and known throughout the land as ‘The King of Football’. Then came the likes of the legendary Mokhtar Dahari and James Wong, which led Malaysia into their golden age during the 1970s until the 1980s. In 1962, Malaysia recorded a 15–1 victory over the Philippines, which is currently the record for the highest win for the national team. In the current generation, Mohd Safee Mohd Sali and Norshahrul Idlan Talaha are considered by many Malaysians as the best strikers of this generation. In the FIFA World Rankings, Malaysia's highest standing was in the first release of the figures, in August 1993, at 75th. Currently, Malaysia is ranked in the 163rd position....
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...CONTENTS KEY FINDING 1: WHY SOCCER PLAYER WAGES CAN INCREASE KEY FINDING 2: COMPARISON BETWEEN HOURS OF WORK WITH DOCTOR AND SOCCER PLAYERS KEY FINDING 3: STATISTICS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCCER PLAYERS EARNING IMMESE AMOUTN OF MONEY CONCLUSION Introduction: The purpose of my research project is to answer the question ‘To what extent does the average soccer player deserve to get paid a high salary compared to other careers with emphasis on doctors?’ In order to answer this question thoroughly I have approached it by gathering sources from different ways eg survey, websites and interactions with professional coaches and a doctor. This report here will outline the key findings that should be be taken into account and...
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...mistakes- makes you smarter” (18). It's activity that's explicitly intended to improve performance, that reaches for objectives just beyond one's level of competence, provides feedback on results and involves high levels of repetition (Geoffrey Colvin, 2006). In brief, everyone who is gifted came by it the hard way, through dedicated working. Journalist Daniel Coyle spent years investigating talent “hot- beds” (22) to decode his inquiry, interviewing world-class practitioners (top soccer players, violinists, fighter, pilots, artists, and bank robbers) and neuroscientists. The diverse in his stories show that he wants to detect the common threads- the similar point for “sweet spot” (19). To clarify his assumption, the author refers to the work of Robert Bjork. Bjork argues that sweet spot is optimal gap between what you know and what you are trying to do. From anonymous people, a 12- year old boy Bruno learning elastico, and a 24- year old girl Jennie rehearsing a song, to the world’s famous football players in Brazil are also main characters for Coyle’s stories. However, those examples seem anecdotal, because they are not reinforced by explicit researches. Bruno “stops and thinks” (13), but Coyle has not explained the exactly process in Bruno’s head- what plays a vital role in his achievement. Moreover, playing futsal is perfect method for fostering gifted players, why not all of them...
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...Chapter 7 7. Quantity of customers per hour | Marginal Cost of customer | Marginal Benefit of customer (a) | Marginal Benefit of customer (b) | 0 | 14 | | | 1 | | 15.25 | 16.25 | 2 | 14.5 15 | 15.25 | 16.25 | 3 | | 15.25 | 16.25 | 4 | 15.516 | 15.25 | 16.25 | 5 | | 15.25 | 16.25 | 6 | 16.517 | 15.25 | 16.25 | 7 | | 15.25 | 16.25 | a) The marginal benefit of each customer is $15.25: each additional customer you admit increases the total benefit to the gym by $15.25. So you should admit three customers per hour. Suppose you currently admit no customers. Admitting the first customer gives the gym a marginal benefit of $15.25 and a marginal cost of $14.00. Since the marginal benefit of that first customer exceeds the marginal cost, you want to admit the first customer. For the second customer, the marginal benefit ($15.25) also exceeds the marginal cost ($14.50), so you want to admit the second customer, too. The same is true for the third customer: the marginal benefit ($15.25) exceeds the marginal cost ($15.00), so you also want to admit the third customer. For the fourth customer, however, the marginal cost ($15.50) exceeds the marginal benefit ($15.25), so you do not want to admit a fourth customer. b) By reasoning similar to that...
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...just entered at 97 th position in top 100 brands ranking list published in Year 2009 as best global brands byinter brand dot com. Nike and Adidas are in the world's top 100 brands list for last somany years. All of these three brands are growing brands and consistently movingupward in that list. As per the year 2009 figures published by interbrand.com and otherbrand rating agencies/bodies, the brand values of Nike, Adidas and Puma are $13,179millions, $5,397 millions and $3,154 millions respectively. This study has identified thekey steps and strategies adopted by the decision makers of these brands which resulted inthe strong brand image for them. Moreover, those areas were also identified whichrequire the improvement particularly by comparing Puma with Nike and Adidas. Keyword s: International brands; Nike; Adidas; Puma; Marketing. 1. Introduction Brand Image for any brand is built by many different factors which includes brandawareness, brand associations, brand loyalty, perceived quality and so on. All of thesefactors mainly depend upon the activities with respect to integrated marketingcommunication i.e. brand message, brand ambassadors, sponsorships, partnerships, brandrelationships, brand communities, brand extensions etc. Nike, Adidas and Puma havebeen examined considering these...
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