...Tijuana Bronze Machining A Managerial Accounting Analysis of TBM Table of Contents Introduction 3 Current Strategic Issues Facing the Firm 3 Traditional System – Costing 3 Modern View Costing 4 ABC Costing 5 Comparison/Conclusion 6 Recommendations 7 Introduction Tijuana Bronze Machining (TBM) is a company which specializes in the manufacturing of bronze valves, pumps and flow controllers. Management at TBA is having difficulties understanding the natures of the pump and flow controller pricings, the problem, it seemed, was hidden within their method of cost accounting. The firm was currently taking a “traditional” approach to cost accounting, in which overhead costs are assigned to production on the basis of production-run labour costs. But as Les Paul learned at the conference perhaps the traditional approach was corrupt and needed revision, since costs are a product of activity (Activity based costing). Current Strategic Issues Facing the Firm TBM produces three independent products: Valves, pumps and flow controllers. Valves which brought in 24% of the revenues were seemingly doing good based on the traditional cost accounting system; they were bringing in the targeted price and management was happy with the valve deployment and accounting. Pumps, on the other hand, created a sense of doubt for management; they were baffled at the low price being forced by the market on pumps. The pump market seems to be a fairly large market with strong competition;...
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...Introduction Managerial accounting is concerned with providing information to managers- that is, to those who are inside an organization and who direct and control its operations. Managerial accounting can be contrasted with financial accounting, which is concerned with providing information to stockholders, creditors and others who are outside an organization (Garrison and Noreen, 1999). Managerial accounting information includes: * Information on the costs of an organization’s products and services. For Example, managers can use product costs to guide the setting of selling prices. In addition, these product costs are used for inventory valuation and income determination (Horngren and Foster, pp. 2). * Budgets: A budget is a quantitative expression of a plan. * Performance reports: These reports often consist of comparisons of budgets with actual results. The deviations of actual results from budget are called variances (Horngren and Foster, pp. 3) * Other information which assist managers in their planning and control activities. Examples are information on revenues of an organization’s products and services, sales back logs, unit quantities and demands on capacity resources (Kaplan and Atkinson, pp. 1). Managerial Accounting Practices around the World Traditional managerial accounting systems are mainly designed to measure the efficiency of internal processes. In the 1980’s, traditional managerial accounting practitioners were heavily criticized...
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...Management Accounting Assignment Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is a theory for cost management controlling. Activity based on the management aims to describe a company as a series of activities which are related to customers’ desires and costs. Activity-Based Costing is a process for calculating the cost of the activities of an organization. Activities within an organization are identified and an average cost is related to each activity. The total cost of a product is the sum of the total costs of activities required to produce the product. The cost of every activity for products is identified as (the average cost of the activity) * (the number of times the activity, which is required for that product). Cooper and Kaplan (1992) explained how Activity-Based Costing allows the very important distinction between resource usage and resource purchase. The difference is the unused capacity. Removal of this unused capacity allows costs to be decreased. Turney (1992) thought that the important non-temporal links between cost and company quality. He also explained how it is important between assets, resource drivers, activities, activity drivers, processes, company performance, cost drivers, and cost. Turney (1989) claimed that underlying Activity-Based Costing is type of an assumption that activities cost resources and products consume activities. Activities contain the establishing vendor relations, spending, paying out, setting up a machine, running the equipment, reorganizing...
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...Cooper was designed the activity based costing (ABC) method in 1988. It was felt that there was a need for more accurate and up-to-date information and a more proactive approach to planning and managing the costs. ABC is a process to identify the costs of all activities and allocating, applying, assigning or tracing costs to products. Activity based costing is a costing technique, tool, system, mechanism or approach. It may be used in addition to the current traditional system or used in place of it. This will enable the new system to be applied consistently so that the opportunity to revert to old ways is limited. Activity based costing is aims to cost the products independent of output volume and to apply overheads on the basis of causes and effect. Besides that, it is also aim to trace all the costs to products. The underlying assumption of ABC is that a product causes activities, activities cause costs and therefore activity is related to product costs. In other words, since activities consume assigned resources and products consume activities, the costs of products are the cost of resources. Its main focus is on the relationship between activity, cost driver, cost, cost pool and cost object. Traditional cost accounting is inadequate so that become activity based costing more relevant. Activity based costing gained support because of the limitations of traditional cost accounting. It is focuses on departments, cost centres or divisions and not an activity. For example, the production...
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...Volkswagen is an automobile company that uses the German-based costing system. It was founded in 1937 and is the biggest German automaker in the world, as well as the second biggest automaker in the world. The annual financial statements of Volkswagen AG have been prepared in accordance with the provisions of the Handelsgesetzbuch (HGB – German Commercial Code). The main function of costing systems is help companies determine the cost of a product related to the revenue it generates. Two of the more common costing systems used in business are traditional costing and activity-based costing. Traditional costing assigns manufacturing overhead based on the volume of a cost driver, such as the amount of direct labor hours needed to produce an item. A cost driver is a factor that causes cost to incur, such as machine hours, direct labor hours and direct material hours. Activity-based costing allocates the costs of manufacturing a product according to the activities needed to produce the item. Activity-based costing provides a more accurate view of product cost, but companies typically use it as a supplemental costing system. The allocation bases used in activity-based costing differ from those used in traditional costing. Activity-based costing determines every activity associated with producing an item and allocates a cost to the activity. The cost assigned to the activity is then assigned to products that require the activity for production. On the other hand, flexible margin...
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...implementation of ABC |Books |The ratio of adopting ABC | | |system |use of data of different |How do firms consider ABC system | |Activity based costing in |Earlier experience of ABC system |survey |CIMA research on ABC system | |manufacturing: |ABC implementation case studies |Journals |Detail case study of two | |two case studies |comparison & conventional costing |articles |companies | | |system |Different case studies | | |Year 1998 | | | | |Page 137-147 | | | | |2. "Activity-Based Costing." |The structure of ABC and its pit |Study of research magazine & |Potential pitfalls of activity | |Encyclopedia of Small Business. Ed. |falls |article |based costing. | |Kevin Hillstrom and Laurie Collier | | ...
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...of Management Accounting Techniques in Decision-making: An Empirical Study on Manufacturing Organizations in Bangladesh Farjana Yeshmin* and Md. Amran Hossan** Management accounting is concerned with gathering and reporting internal financial information to facilitate decision-making process. As management accounting is not required to conform to national accounting standards, it allows business to customize the management accounting techniques as per demand of company. As a process of this customization, some advanced quantitative as well as number of qualitative techniques accompany with the traditional techniques, have been emerged to cater the information need in decision making. This study attempts to measure the significance of management accounting techniques in decision making of the selected manufacturing organizations in Bangladesh. In doing so, a total of 74 manufacturing organizations have been surveyed with a structured questionnaire by using 5 point Likert Scale measurement from different categories of manufacturing organizations. Findings reveal that cash flow statement analysis, ratio analysis, budgetary control, CVP analysis, variance analysis and fund flow analysis have been frequently high-ranking techniques. Secondly, the authors have recognized five factors to calculate the variability in decision-making with the help of rotated component matrix which shows that 75.125 % of the total variability has found in the usage of management accounting techniques. Finally...
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...MBA Accounting for Managers Fall 2015 Course Syllabus Faculty Jasmine Hsu Faculty Contact Details jhsu@jgu.edu.in Class Time and Venue as per the programme time table Course Description The goal of this course is to help you understand the role and application of accounting information in business and learn how managers can use external and internal accounting information for decision-making. This course aims to provide an overview of key principles and concepts in financial accounting and managerial accounting. Specific topics include: components of financial statements; financial statements analysis; product costing; costvolume-profit analysis; and budgeting. Course Objectives After completion of the course, you should be able to: Understand the roles of financial accounting (external) and managerial accounting (internal) Analyze financial reports, specifically the balance sheet, statement of profit and loss and statement of cash flow. Identify and apply key financial ratios to financial statement analysis. Identify and apply basic elements of cost concepts, product costing and cost-volumeprofit (CVP) analysis to management decision-making process. Understand key considerations during the budgeting process and budgetary control. Course Materials Narayanswami (2014): “Financial Accounting: A Managerial Perspective”, Prentice-Hall Pvt Ltd., 5th edition, New Delhi (FA) Jiambalvo (2013):” Managerial Accounting”, Wiley India, 5th...
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...ACC/561 Aunt Connie’s Cookies How Aunt Connie’s Cookies could use cost accounting systems to determine their product costs Aunt Connie’s Cookies could utilize traditional cost accounting by using a mixture of materials and labor costs and allocating their expenses to each product. It would assume that the more cookies are created, the more overhead there will be. This would be a simple approach for Aunt Connie’s Cookies, but it may not necessary provide them with sufficient data to properly determine their product costs. Aunt Connie’s Cookies could use activity-based costing, in order to examine its costs by type of activity instead of end product. Unlike the traditional method, it would let the company analyze the overall systems with more detail in order for them to see if there are cost inefficiencies. It would be particularly helpful for Aunt Connie’s Cookies if its indirect costs are greater than its direct costs. If Aunt Connie’s Cookies were to utilize activity-based accounting, it would first need to identify its activities, and then designate a cost to each activity. Once that is completed, a determination of the components of each cost must take place, followed by data collection for every activity. Finally, a determination of the product costs can be made by dividing each product into unit-level activities, cost per batch, product-sustaining activities, and facility-sustaining activities. Total cost analysis and life-cycle cost analysis can also be used...
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...often grouped into product groups or distribution channels and feature cross-functional groups of employees. Materials • Divisional Structure 3. This type of organizational structure combines the advantages of functional specialization with the advantages of product-project specialization. • A. Specialization business • B. Product-team structure • C. Divisional organization • D. Matrix structure Correct : A matrix structure allows an employee to be assigned to both his or her functional team and to another group, based on a project or product. By using a matrix structure, a firm can capitalize on the knowledge of its employees in more areas than just their currently stationed line. Materials • Matrix Organizational Structure Concept: Contemporary Organizational/Enterprise Structures Mastery 100% Questions • 4• 5 Materials on the concept: • The New Millennium • Initial Efforts to Improve the Effectiveness of Traditional Organizational...
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...often grouped into product groups or distribution channels and feature cross-functional groups of employees. Materials • Divisional Structure 3. This type of organizational structure combines the advantages of functional specialization with the advantages of product-project specialization. • A. Specialization business • B. Product-team structure • C. Divisional organization • D. Matrix structure Correct : A matrix structure allows an employee to be assigned to both his or her functional team and to another group, based on a project or product. By using a matrix structure, a firm can capitalize on the knowledge of its employees in more areas than just their currently stationed line. Materials • Matrix Organizational Structure Concept: Contemporary Organizational/Enterprise Structures Mastery 100% Questions • 4• 5 Materials on the concept: • The New Millennium • Initial Efforts to Improve the Effectiveness of Traditional Organizational...
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...using an Activity Based Costing (ABC) over other costing systems. Also identify at least one company that uses ABC and describe how it benefits the company. Introduction This paper has been formulated in order to determine the basic nature of Activity Based Costing, its advantages and disadvantages. These points are further elucidated by a case study of a Taiwanese hot spring country inn’s implementation of the ABC system. What is Activity Based Costing The Activity-Based Costing theory started in 1987 by Robert S. Kaplan and W. Bruns as a better alternative to the traditional costing method. It has activities as the fundamental cost objects and assumes that activities cause costs and that cost objects create demands for the activities. A traditional costing system uses a single, volume based cost driver. In most cases the traditional system assigned the overhead cost to products on the basis of their usage of direct labor. For this reason traditional cost systems often yields inaccurate product costs and becomes inadequate in terms of calculating true cost to produce specific products for specific customers. ABC system was developed to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional method by using many cost drivers to allocate a indirect costs instead of just using one cost driver such as machine hours. ABC system uses a different approach and allows improvement on the control of overheads by cost/cause relationships that are activity and cost. This flexible system is able...
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...Abstract There are two main cost allocation systems exist. Traditional cost allocation system allocates costs based on volume of production or proportionally to sales revenue. Such approach usually underestimates costs for low-volume products or services and over-estimates costs of high-volume products or services. To avoid such situations Activity Based Costing (ABC) system was developed. ABC system main principle is to identify main activities of the company, group costs of these activities, identify how these activities can be measured and assign costs to products or services though these measures. ABC system helps managers to allocate costs more accurate to final products or services. However, ABC system has some limitations. For ABC implementation company needs a lot of resources (trained personnel, additional IT and information resources). Some of the potential users are often change their mind of ABC implementation after expenses for system implementation and maintenance are calculated. Other disadvantage is the complexity of the system. Implementation of ABC system could be highly complex if company has a lot of products and need to allocate its costs to a number of activities. Support and maintenance of such systems is complicated and time consuming process. ABC system gathers and provides valuable information for decision making. This approach is called Activity Based Management and could be used to improve efficiency of the company. Notwithstanding its limitations...
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...Recommendation for Implementation of Activity-based Costing Joann Harper BU264: Managerial Accounting, Spring 2011 Dr. Henry Bryan April 13, 2011 Outline I. Introduction A. Comparison of traditional costing vs. activity-based costing B. Pros and cons of activity-based costing C. 4 companies selected for review i. General Electric ii. Dennison Manufacturing Co. iii. South-western Ohio Steel Inc. iv. Insurance companies D. Thesis Statement: An examination of four companies that have successfully implemented activity-based costing/activity-based management has led to my recommendation that transitioning to activity-based costing is the right move for our company. Although there are many benefits to activity-based costing, we would directly benefit from the relative ease of implementation for a company our size, the ability to view our product costs differently and target process improvements which in turn will lead to an improved line of products and allow us to be more competitive in our market niche. II. General Electric A. A brief history of activity-based costing B. Outcome of General Electric and activity-based costing III. Dennison Manufacturing A. How Dennison Manufacturing uses activity-based costing B. Outcome of Dennison Manufacturing’s implementation of activity-based costing IV. South-western Ohio Steel...
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...AInternational Journal of Production Research, Vol. 46, No. 4, 15 February 2008, 1047–1069 Activity-based costing in flexible manufacturing systems with a case study in a forging industry K. REZAIEy, B. OSTADI*z and S. A. TORABIy yDepartment of Industrial Engineeing, Faculty of Engineering, University of Tehran, PO Box 11365/4563, Tehran, Iran zDepartment of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran (Revision received August 2006) The objective of this paper is to apply the activity-based costing (ABC) approach together with traditional costing (TC) for parts costing in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) with the A(2) level of automation. We propose a new model for the implementation of ABC using the product cost tree concept. First, the required resources and activities for each part are recorded, and then their costs are calculated using the appropriate cost formulae. This model was applied in a forging industry. A comparison and analysis between ABC and TC was then carried out based on the computational results obtained from the case study. The results indicate that the ABC outputs are more reliable than the TC outputs, and thus the ABC approach is a more acceptable tool for parts costing in FMS. Keywords: Costing; Activity-based costing; Cost management; Flexible manufacturing; Product cost tree concept 1. Introduction Increasing worldwide competition has forced manufacturing organizations to seek to produce high-quality...
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