...To compare Nokia's Parent Company's financial statement prepared under the Finnish Accounting Standards (FAS) to the Consolidated Profit and Loss Statement prepared under IFRS, we performed two different analyses. The first compares performance over time (2007 to 2008) as well as 2008 results as a percentage of net sales: Parent Company (FAS) Consolidated Company (IFRS) 2008 results (displayed as % of net sales) Compared to 2007 2008 results (displayed as % of net sales) Compared to 2007 Net sales 100.00% Down 12.84% 100.00% Down 0.68% Gross profit margin 30.54% Down 16.99% 34.26% Up 0.56% Operating profit margin 10.02% Down 46.74% 9.79% Down 37.80% Profit before taxes 8.54% Down 70.13% 9.80% Down 39.89% Net profit margin 6.49% Down 72.49% 7.86% Down 44.65% The second reviews key ratios of each statement: Parent Company (FAS) Consolidated Company (IFRS) Cost of sales/Sales 69.46% 65.74% Profit before taxes/Sales 8.54% 9.80% As we can see, all of the 2008 percentages for the Consolidated Company are better: • Lower cost of sales as a percentage of sales • Higher profit before taxes as a percentage of sales • Higher gross profit, net profit margin, and profit before taxes (as a percentage of net sales) • Operating profit margin is comparable on both statements By comparing with 2007 results, the Consolidated Company also shows a less severe downturn: • Sales decreased 0.68% for the Consolidated Company while it decreased 12.84% for the Parent...
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...ACC 300 FSA Project Ratio Analysis of The Kroger Co. and Whole Foods Market, Inc. TEAM Jake Eriksen (002) Brycen Goldstein (002) 16 Ross Wright (001) Nicolas Kim Omar Harb (001) (002) Kroger The Kroger Co. (referred to as Kroger) is a large grocery chain audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Kroger ended its FY 2012 on February 2, 2013, FY 2013 on February 1, 2014, and FY 2014 on January 31, 2015 (Saturday nearest January 31). From page 39, we are told that 95% of inventories in 2014 and 2013 were counted using a LIFO costing method, stating the lower of cost or market. However, Kroger’s fuel inventory levels are determined using the FIFO cost method. The company uses the Link-Chain, Dollar-Value LIFO method to calculate its LIFO charge. Also on page 39, we are told that Kroger mainly uses the straightline method for depreciation and amortization expense. Buildings and land improvements are typically depreciated over 10-40 years, store equipment are depreciated over 3-9 years, leasehold improvements are amortized over 4-25 years, manufacturing plant and distribution center equipment are depreciated over 3-15 years, and information technology assets are generally depreciated over 5 years. Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities 4500 4163 Dollars (in millions) 4000 3573 3500 2954 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2014 2013 Year 2 2012 Whole Foods Whole Foods Market, Inc. (referred to as...
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...Financial Analysis Phillips 66 Toccara Smalls Atlanta intercontinental university BUSN 125- Business Math September 3, 2015 Abstract This paper is an analysis of the financial statement of Phillips 66. The researcher will present horizontal and vertical analysis of the income statement and balance sheet among other things. Introduction This paper presents an analysis of Phillips 66 financial statement. Specifically discussed in this document will be the following: Preparation of Financial Statement, Business Problem Solving, Recovery Methods, Indebtedness, Horizontal Analysis, Vertical Analysis, and Ratios and Percentages. The document will conclude with a summary of this discussion. Preparation of Financial Statement Financial statements will give you a clear and accurate visual of how your business is currently performing, so you have a means of monitoring its progress and identifying opportunities for growth. The type of financial statement that lays out the basis for a fortune 500 company like Phillips 66 include a thrall preparation of the balance sheet, income statement, statement of retained earnings, and statement of cash flows; which are the most important steps in the accounting cycle because it represents the purpose of financial accounting statement (Brook, 2013). Ideally the financial statements are prepared by transferring the account balances on the adjusted trial balance to a set of financial statement templates in order to establish a logistical...
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...Financial Statements Analysis - An Introduction MODULE - 6A Analysis of Financial Statements 27 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS - AN INTRODUCTION You have already learnt about the preparation of financial statements i.e. Balance Sheet and Trading and Profit and Loss Account in the module titled ‘Financial Statements of Profit and Not for Profit Organisations’. After preparation of the financial statements, one may be interested in analysing the financial statements with the help of different tools such as comparative statement, common size statement, ratio analysis, trend analysis, fund flow analysis, cash flow analysis, etc. In this process a meaningful relationship is established between two or more accounting figures for comparision. In this lesson you will learn about analysing the financial statements by using comparative statement, common size statement and trend analysis. Notes OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to : explain the meaning, need and purpose of financial statement analysis; identify the parties interested in analysis of financial statements; explain the various techniques and tools of analysis of financial statements. 27.1 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS ANALYSIS (MEANING, PURPOSE AND PARTIES INTERESTED) We know business is mainly concerned with the financial activities. In order to ascertain the financial status of the business every enterprise prepares certain statements, known as financial statements. Financial statements are mainly prepared...
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...Effect of Unethical Behavior Denek Waller ACC/291 – Principles of Accounting II July 25, 2012 Malcolm Mumford Companies prepare the statement of cash flows differently from the three other basic financial statements. First, it is not prepared from an adjusted trial balance. It requires detailed information concerning the changes in account balances that occurred between two periods. An adjusted trial balance will not provide the necessary data. Second, the statement of cash flows deals with cash receipts and payments. As a result, the company must adjust the effects of the use of accrual accounting to determine cash flows. The information to prepare this statement usually comes from three sources: • Comparative balance sheets, indicates the amount of the changes in assets, liabilities, and stockholders’ equities from the beginning to the end of the period. • Current income statement, helps determine the amount of cash provided or used by operations during the period. • Additional information, includes transaction data needed to determine how cash was provided or used during the period. (Kimmel, P.D. Weygand, J.J. & Kieso, D.E., 2009) A company must convert net income from an accrual basis to a cash basis. The indirect method adjusts net income for items that do not affect cash. Companies favor the indirect method for two reasons: (1) It is easier and less costly to prepare, and (2) it focuses on the differences between net income and net cash flow...
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...METHODS OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Dorothy E Vincent-Greene ACC 281 Accounting Concepts for Health Care Professionals Professor James Bell 26 MAY 2014 The process of restating and summarizing data by establishing ratios and trends is known as a financial analysis. The financial statement analysis is the process of examining and identifying the relationships among financial statement elements and making comparisons with relevant information. The analysis is a powerful tool used by a variety of people like creditors, investors, and managers, etc. who all have different reasons for learning about the financial circumstances of an organization (Financial Statement Analysis, 2014). There are a variety of tools that can be used to evaluate the financial statements data. The three most commonly used tools are the ratio analysis, horizontal analysis, and vertical analysis. In this paper I plan to evaluate these three methods and discuss how the financial information is used to make certain business decisions, while giving an example that may be seen in the health care arena. The ratio analysis is a method of analyzing data to determine the overall financial strength of a business. The broad method by which the financial data is converted into simple mathematic ratios for comparison makes it easy very user friendly. An advantage to this method is that it can be used by anyone with access to organizations public financial statements since the data is widely available. Calculations...
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...FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS: A TOOL FOR PERFORMANCE EVALUATION A Case Study of Oceanic Bank By IBRAHIM UMAR PGA/09/07766 M.Sc. Assignment Submitted to Dr. M.I. Kida CNA Department of Accountancy University of Maiduguri 2Financial Statement Analysis: A Tool for Performance Evaluation Jan. 2010 3Financial Statement Analysis: A Tool for Performance Evaluation ABSTRACT Financial statements are prepared to meet external reporting obligations and also for decision making purposes. They play a dominant role in setting the framework of managerial decisions. But the information provided in the financial statements is not an end in itself as no meaningful conclusions can be drawn from these statements alone. However, the information provided in the financial statements is of immense use in making decisions through analysis and interpretation of financial statements. There are various methods or techniques that are used in analyzing financial statements, such as comparative statements, schedule of changes in working capital, common size percentages, trend analysis and ratios analysis. This study intends to analyze financial statement of Oceanic bank in Nigeria in order to come up with an in-depth fact finding on its performance and to see if there is any connection between the recent global economic crisis and its overall performance. 4Financial Statement Analysis: A Tool for Performance Evaluation INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Financial statement represents...
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...FINANCIAL COMPARISON BETWEEN THE BOEING COMPANY AND LOCKHEED MARTIN Keith L. Hohl EMGT 452 Semester Project 14 December 1999 Table of Contents 1. Introduction/Study Objective 2. Boeing Financial Statement and Analysis 2.1. Background and Product Lines 2.2. Consolidated Balance and Income Statements 2.3. Divisional Financial Statements 2.4. Ratio and Trend Analysis 3. Lockheed Martin Financial Statement and Analysis 3.1. Background and Product Lines 3.2. Consolidated Balance and Income Statements 3.3. Divisional Financial Statements 3.4. Ratio and Trend Analysis 4. Financial Comparison between the Two Companies 4.1. Consolidated Comparisons 4.2. Military Aircraft and Space Divisions Comparisons 5. Summary/Conclusions 6. Bibliography 7. List of Tables 8. List of Figures List of Tables T-1: Consolidated Financial Balance Sheet-The Boeing Company T-2: Consolidated Income Statement-The Boeing Company T-3: Divisional Financial Summary-The Boeing Company T-4: Consolidated Financial Ratio Analysis-The Boeing Company T-5: Consolidated Financial Balance Sheet-Lockheed Martin T-6: Consolidated Income Statement- Lockheed Martin T-7: Divisional Financial Summary- Lockheed Martin T-8: Consolidated Financial Ratio Analysis- Lockheed Martin List of Figures F-1: Total Assets Divisional Trend Analysis-The Boeing Company F-2: Sales Divisional Trend Analysis-The Boeing Company F-3: Net Earnings...
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...Comparison between IFRS and GAAP Agustin Blanco ACC 290 06/06/2016 Dan Jensen Comparison between IFRS and GAAP This paper provides a comparison between the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and the United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and how they are differentiate from each other in the format of financial statement, conceptual framework, and IFRS terms. There is also a description of some issues the SEC must consider in order to adopt IFRS in the United States as well as a comparison of the rules regarding revenue recognition under IFRS versus GAAP. There is an explanation of the definitions Under IFRS for revenues and expenses, as well as an explanation of the competitive implications (both pros and cons) of Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). Questions IFRS 2-1: In what ways does the format of a statement of financial position under IFRS often differ from a balance sheet presented under GAAP? The main difference between the formatting of IFRS and GAAP statement of financial of position and a GAAP balance sheet is the ordering of liquidity. IFRS does not require a particular order or any classification of accounts. It is common for companies to report assets in reverse liquidity under IFRS. Instead, GAAP specifies and requires all a company’s account be classified and ordered based on liquidity. IFRS 2-2: Do the IFRS and GAAP conceptual frameworks differ in terms of the objective of financial reporting...
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...Ration analysis Financial statements paint a picture of financial health of an organization. Important aspects of the financial statement of a health care organization are ratios. Analysis of ratios show how two numbers relate or compare to one another. Ratios are a way for organizations to make comparison. These comparisons not only encompass what is happening presently but can also be used to make comparisons about numbers and ratios over time. Ratios are a way for organizations to compare themselves with competitors and the industry. (Finkler, Kovner, and Jones, 2007). There are four major ratios that financial statements analyze 1) liquidity 2) activity 3) leverage and 4) profitability. The financial statement for Mayo Health System for the year 2011 will analyze each area to determine the health of the organization. Liquidity Liquidity ratio looks at an organizations assets and liabilities is an indicator of the organizations ability to pay off debts (Investopedia, 2012). The two main ratios for liquidity are current ratio and the quick test ratio. Below are the calculations for these ratios. I. Liquidity ratios 1. Current ratio Current Assets/Current Liabilities = $10,128.9/5,399.5 = 1.88 Interpretations: a) Current assets are more than enough to pay for current liabilities. b) The company has the ability to pay short term obligations. 2. Quick/acid-test ratio Formula: Cash & equivalents + short term investments + accounts receivable)/liabilities = (1,422...
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...Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 The major components of Sugar Investment Trust (SIT) annual report: 3 3.0 The Five potential users 5 4.0 How useful are companies’ annual reports in addressing the needs of users of accounts? 6 5.0 Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) 8 6.0 To what extent does the regulatory framework govern the preparation of an Annual Report? 9 7.0 To what extent reported profit figures can mislead users of accounts? 10 8.0 Cash flow statements 11 9.0 Accounting Ratios and Cash Flow Statement Analysis 11 10. Cash Flow Statement Analysis 14 11. Criticism of traditional financial accounting and problems encountered in inter-firm comparison. 14 12. Contribution list 16 13. References 16 1.0 Introduction T he Sugar Investment Trust (SIT) is a body corporate established under an Act of Parliament in 1994 which operates as a company under the Companies Act 2001. It is the largest shareholder based public company in Mauritius with more than 40,000 members. It has more than 55,000 shareholders. The foundation of Sugar Investment Trust (SIT) constitutes a landmark in the Mauritian history. It was set up primarily as a participation scheme in the sugar industry but it has become a model of economic democratisation in the country. It provides a forum for participation of planters and workers at corporate decision making level of sugar milling companies and as equity participation. Therefore, it ensures a share of...
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...and regulations. There are many advantages that accounting concepts have on financial statements. Four important accounting concepts that underpin the preparation of any sets of accounts one of which is going concern that helps an account to assume for any future problems that occur in a business. This helps companies to make future plans and gives them time to gather money to sort out any financial problems. Consistency also has an advantage in helping in accounting by users of accounts can make more meaningful comparisons of financial performance. Prudence helps investors sort out financial performance such as future problems and cost of the business before recognising any signs of profits. Accruals also help financial data to be useful for users by all business revenues and cost are recorded in the appropriate statements and at the appropriate time. Conventions also have many advantages in influences financial statements to be useful for investors. Separate entity is one example this convention seeks to ensure that all private transactions and matters relating to the owners are segregated from transactions that relate to the business. This is an advantage because owner’s transactions are kept private. Also they are not mixed with the business finance so that users can clearly see the business financial state. Also materiality is also an important convention in a business financial statement use for users. The preparation of accounts involves a high degree of judgment where...
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...Industry Analysis: Kellogg (K) vs. Kraft (KRFT) Niki Cocke FIN 4461-791 Prof. Amy Ho April 22, 2015 Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Profitability/Risk Ratio Calculations and Analysis a. Kellogg (K) i. Risk ii. Profitability b. Kraft (KRFT) iii. Risk iv. Profitability c. Industry Comparison v. Current Ratio vi. Quick Ratio vii. Days Accounts Receivable Outstanding viii. Profitability 1. Return on Assets 2. Return on Common Equity d. Competitor’s ix. Kellogg’s x. Kraft III. Conclusion IV. Appendix I e. Kellogg’s xi. Kellogg’s Annual Report and Form 10-K 2014 3. Income Statement 4. Cash Flow Statement 5. Balance Sheet f. Kraft xii. Balance Sheet xiii. Statement of Income xiv. Statement of Cash Flows V. References I. Introduction This analysis on Kraft (KRFT) and Kellogg (K) will include multiple facets.Kraft Foods Group, Inc. operates as a consumer packaged food and beverage company. It is also one of the largest company in the North America and the second largest in the world. It operates through six segments: Cheese, Refrigerated Meals, Beverages, Meals & Desserts, Enhancers & Snack Nuts, and Canada. The company provides natura, cream, processed, grated and shredded, and cottage...
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...fulfillment of the course ‘Bank Management (FIN 303)’. The Paper is assigned by the course instructor, Alamgir Hossen, lecturer, IBA-JU. The main objective of this group report is to allow students to relate their textbook knowledge with the practical work field practices and provide students superiority over Financial Statement Analysis. This report on performance comparison was prepared through a comprehensive ratio analysis of the financial statements of Standard Bank Limited (SBL). The historical trends of these ratios were used to make inferences about a SBL’s financial condition, its operations and its investments attractiveness. 1.2 Objective of the Study To compare financial performance of Standard Bank Limited in FYs 2012 & 2013 as well as to compare overall performance of these two years with industry average. The basis of the study objectives are classified into two parts, Board objectives and Specific objectives. Broad Objectives * The board objective of this paper is comparative analysis of financial statements of FYs 2012 & 2013. Specific Objectives * To analyze Balance Sheets of FYs 2012 & 2013 * To analyze Income Statements of FYs 2012 & 2013 * To determine profitability ratios * To determine valuation ratios * To compare findings with industry average 1.3 Methodology of the study The research type is analytical research. The method of analysis is quantitative. * We used secondary data collected from Annual...
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...1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Financial analysis is the starting point for making plans, before using any sophisticated forecasting and planning procedures. Understanding the past is a prerequisite for anticipating the future. Financial analysis is the process of identifying the financial strength and weakness of the firm by properly establishing relationship between the items of the balance sheet and the profit and loss account. Financial analysis can be undertaken by management of the firm, or by parties outside the firm, viz. owners, creditors, investors and others. The nature of analysis will differ depending on the purpose of the analyst. 1. Investors: Who invested their money in the firm’s shares, are most concerned about the firm’s earnings. They more confidence in those firm’s that show steady growth in earnings. As such, they concentrate on the analysis of the firm’s present and future profitability. They are also interested in the firm’s financial structure to that extent influence the firm’s earning ability and risk. 2. Trade creditors and financial institution: they are interested in firm’s ability to meet their claims over a very short period of time. Their analysis will, therefore, confine to the evolution of the firms liquidity position. And the financial institutions are interested in the financial statements of the borrowing concern to ascertain its short- term as well as long-term solvency and also it profitability. 3. Suppliers: On the other hand, are concerned...
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