...satisfy specific needs of customers, and supplying them at prices that will yield profits. Competition in the today's business marketplace often demands that organizations merge with each other to remain competitive and increase revenue, profits and market share. Others may be looking to consolidate their operations to achieve economies of scale and standardization of processes. Mergers and acquisitions occur when a company buys, sells, or combines with another company within the same country or across borders (Luthans & Doh, 2009). Government regulation is constantly present in our lives. This paper is a continuation from assignment two and will look at how government regulations affect expansion and merger in the retail industry. “Mergers can be competitive strategies, or they can be attempts to create firms large enough to exercise market power” (Michaels, 2011). Successful mergers are a combination of four critical components: culture, business practices, technology, and time. Bringing these elements together requires careful planning and coordination. The longer it takes the more costly it will be, and the potential for failure will be greatly increased. Explain why government regulation is needed, citing the major reasons for government involvement in a market economy. Government regulation is needed in the retail industry to make sure that the public’s interests are...
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... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.0 The Organizational purpose of business . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.1 Organizational objectives Vs Stakeholders objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3.0 The nature of national environment in which businesses operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1 Distinctions between Planned, Free market and mixed economic models with examples . . . . . . 6 3.2 Use of Monetary and fiscal policy in management of economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 4.0 The behavior of organizations in their market environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.1 Market structure Tesco operates and its effects on pricing and output decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.2 Use of PESTEL analysis to judge how the market forces affect the behavior of Tesco 11 5.0 The significant of global factors in shaping national business activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.1 Significance of international trade to Business organization located in UK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 5.2 Benefits and drawbacks for UK business Of EU policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 6.0 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...individual freedom as far as innovation, which is the opposite of what TP is trying to accomplish. Inner-directed individuals are required for TP in order to produce innovative ideas that are both scientific and technical, in order to understand and control natural processes. Such individuals are considered to be autonomous thinkers. Free market economy is essential to the idea of TP. Free market society is a system in which goods and services are exchanged, and privately owned. The reason this is essential is because free market society creates and involves competition. Having a free market society, that is competitive, leads to innovation. Competition is in my mind, the basis for innovation. People would not be driven to innovate or think in such creative ways if they were not being challenged, or competing against others is such an economy. Innovation (which is derived from free market economy and its competition) is very important in terms of TP. In the Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith argued that a free market economy encouraged innovation. He believed that innovation was derived from the specialization of labor. The free market economy leads to division of labor which therefore leads to specialization. Innovation derived from specialization includes such ideas as labor saving devices (such as the cotton gin), which then also leads to an increase in productivity....
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...SHAHZAD MIRZA UKCBC PARK ROYAL LONDON ID: 12878-RB HND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LECTURER: MR TAIWO OLAJUMOKE BATCH: 11 LEVEL: 4 BUSINESS ENVIROMENT | Introduction | 3 | 1.1 | Identify the purpose of organisations | 3-4 | 1.2 | Describe to which extent Iceland Supermarket Ltd meets objectives of its different stakeholders. | 5-6 | 1.3 | Explain various responsibilities of Iceland | 7 | 2.1 | Different economic systems | 8-9 | 2.2 | Fiscal and monetary policy | 10-12 | 2.3 | Competition policy and other regulatory mechanism | 13-14 | 3.1 | Market structures determine the pricing and output decisions | 15-21 | 3.2 | Which market forces shape Iceland Supermarket responses | 21-22 | 3.3 | How the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of Iceland | 22-23 | 4.1 | Significance of international trade to Iceland Supermarket | 23 | 4.2 | Impact of global factors on Iceland Supermarket | 24 | 4.3 | Impact of policies of the European Union on Iceland Supermarket | 25 | | Conclusion | 26 | | References “ | 27 | CONTENTS “ Introduction of Business Environment Controlling the environment in which businesses are being operated is called business environment. There are two types of business environments, internal and external environment...
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...BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT UNIT:1 Introduction Business may be understood as the organized efforts of enterprises to supply consumers with goods and services for a profit. The following essay contains some details about the business environment such as types of organisations, EU rules and regulations policies of the market control. 1.1 Identify the purposes of different types of organisation. 1. Sole traders The sole trader is a common form of business ownership and is found in a wide range of activities such as painter, plumber, cleaner. Business has only one owner who responsible for all the expenses and legal requirements. Difficult to raise finance, also owner has unlimited liability. 2. Partnership Partnership is a business with at least two or more owners up to twenty. Partnerships are particularly common in professional services such as solicitors accountant. Owners enjoy limited liability, share their skills, and work allowing them to raise capital more quickly than individuals. 3.Private Limited Company (LTD) The Company is an artificial person made by law, offers limited liability. The major private limited company’s restrictions are about the shares and shareholders. Shares cannot be sold or transferred to the public. Shareholders enjoy priority against others in buying shares within the company. Example J. Whitaker & Sons Ltd 4 Co-operative The co-operative is a group of people working together, making decisions together to reach common...
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...mechanisms * Traditional economy- you do what your parents do * ex: India in a way because of the caste system * Market economy- based on supply and demand, prices * Command economy- based on the government * Markets need homogenous goods, no barriers to entry or exit, perfect information and many buyers and sellers problem is that this is not the case, markets are not perfect List and describe the classification of economic systems based on forms of ownership * Capitalism- people privately own inputs (land, labor, capital) and will use them in their best interests more production more goods and services * Socialism- deals with ownership instead of allocation, distribution based on how much you work, etc., want to be more equal but isn’t efficient because government doesn’t work in same interest as private List and describe the classification of economic systems based on income redistribution and safety nets * Free markets * Maximum criterion- society equalizes everyone’s income, reciprocity- don’t know what will happen tomorrow * Pure communism- government distributes/allocates goods and services * Social safety nets (social market economies)- Germany-very large percent of income goes to taxes free healthcare with good quality * socialism- ownership of goods and services, communism—how goods and services are distributed List and describe the characteristics of perfectly competitive markets * homogenous goods *...
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...entrepreneurship play in the economy? Who stands to gain from the success of individual entrepreneurs? How do other parties benefit? It inspires new business ventures that support wealth building and future prosperity; A lot people who are unemployed will find jobs that are more flexible and challenging, working for big and small businesses. 3. When did American business begin to concentrate on customer needs? Why? World War II; The reason was more intense competition, which gave consumers more choices. Under those circumstances, meeting customer needs became an imperative for business success. 4. How do nonprofit organizations compare to businesses? What role do nonprofits play in the economy? How do they interact with businesses? Their primary goals are not to make profits like businesses but to improve the quality of others. They have a role in the economy because they do still employ and make revenue like business and spread nationwide. 5. What are the factors of production? How can economies grow when one or more of the factors is weak? Natural Resources, Capital, Human Resources, Entrepreneurship. It appears as though entrepreneurship is the most important with the examples of China and Russia failing while places like Hong Kong and the United States flourish. 6. What are the 5 dimensions of the business environment? Discuss the key elements in each area as they relate to U.S.-based businesses. Economic- advertisement policy, discovery of new market, bringing new...
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...Porter´s diamond 3.2.3 Porter´s five forces of competition 3.2.4 The PESTEL framework 3.2.5 National Innovation Systems 3.2.6 Varieties of Capitalism Framework 2.2 Data Collection 3. The IT Industry 3.1. Description of the IT-Industry 4. Country Comparison 4.1 Macro- Level Indicators 4.1.1 Geographic Indicators 4.1.2 Demographic Indicators 4.1.3 Macro- Economic Indicators 4.2 Historical Developments relevant to the IT industry 4.3 Socio Cultural Conditions 4.3.1 Cultural Systems 4.3.2 Level of Education 4.3.3 Labor Market Regulations 4.3.4 Protectionism of Intellectual Property 4.3.5 Tax Regulations 4.4 Market/ Industry Conditions 4.4.1 Bargaining Power of Buyers and Subsidiaries 4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.4.3 Threats of New Entrants 4.4.4 Competitive Rivalry 4.5 Other Contextual Conditions 4.5.1 Related and Supporting Industries 5. Major Findings of Comparison 5.1 Conclusion 5.2 Trends 5.3 Recommendation 1. Introduction In general, factbooks are conducted by decision makers within the fields of business and politics in order to gain insights about present-, as well as future conditions and trends in a specific country or country set. Therefore, factbooks can be considered as a sort of business tool, which supplies relevant information about a country´s business environment and if it´s in accordance with a particular company or industry. The essence...
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...FREE MARKET ECONOMY According to Pmiranda2857 (2009), the free market economy is an economy which promotes competitions between businesses. Basically, without this market system, consumers would not have a say in price determination of goods and services. Some consumers in some African countries have suffered with regards to pricing. According to Baye (2010), consumers do not have a say in the price determination of some services because the providers of such services enjoy the market monopoly. However, the free market economy is the best and only realistic alternative for determining the allocation of resources in an economy because of the following: i. Competition (Pmiranda2857, 2009; Rothbard, n.d.). Without competition, the free market economy will not be what it is supposed to be. The competition between the producers is the driving force in this market, providing the consumers with the most favourable product at the most affordable price. According to Pmiranda2857 (2009), a new product is priced high in the market. After sometime, the major competitors in the market begin to imitate the innovation in the market. This leads to price reduction in the once expensive product since new and similar products begin to emerge. Pricing therefore becomes a sensitive issue in competition. Rothbard (n.d.) also concluded that competition leads to the betterment in the standards of the market competitors compared to other markets. ii. It promotes entrepreneurship and innovation (Pmiranda2857...
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...45 2014 January International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen ©Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Discussion Paper. Copenhagen Discussion Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper's author or authors. Note: The views expressed in each paper are those of the author or authors of the paper. They do not represent the views of the Asia Research Centre or Copenhagen Business School. Editor of the Copenhagen Discussion Papers: Associate Professor Michael Jacobsen Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 24 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Tel.: (+45) 3815 3396 Email: mj.int@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/arc International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen Associate Professor Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School mj.int@cbs.dk Abstract The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how to perceive informal institutions within institutional theory. Douglas North in his early works on institutional theory divided the national institutional framework into two main categories, formal and informal institution or constraints as he called them. The formal constraints consisted of political rules, judicial decisions and economic contracts, whereas informal constraints consisted of socially sanctioned norms...
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...P 1.1 A company’s operating situation is influenced by a combination of external and internal factors. These factors may include laws, government activities, clients, suppliers, its competition, owners, improvements in technological improvements, social and economic trends and the market. . Business environments differ from country to country due to differing government laws and regulations. a) Virgin Group LTD (1) (The Virgin Group LTD Virgin Group Ltd. is a British conglomerate of multinational branded capital ventures, which was founded by the entrepreneur Richard Branson Its main line of business encompasses financial services, transport, health care, food and drink, and telecommunications; as well as travel, entertainment and lifestyle, The Virgin Group Ltd has more than 400 companies worldwide. The Virgin group company has limited liability. It is run by directors, its capital is divided into shares and it is legally accountable. Limited companies can begin trading once its Memorandum of Association has been drawn. This memorandum contains the objectives of the company, the name of the company, its registered office, the liability of its members with the number of shares to be issued along with the amount of capital to be raised. The Article of Association outlines the rights of its shareholders, detailing the procedures for the appointment of the directors, the extent of their powers, and the duration of their role. This also lays down the timing and frequency...
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...prioritize and allocate our limited income, time, and resources—are the basic economic challenge that has confronted individuals and nations throughout history. But not every nation has addressed this challenge in the same way. Societies have developed different broad economic approaches to manage their resources. Economists generally recognize four basic types of economic systems—traditional, command, market, and mixed—but they don’t completely agree on the question of which system best addresses the challenge of scarcity. A traditional economic system is—here's a shocker—shaped by tradition. The work that people do, the goods and services they provide, how they use and exchange resources… all tend to follow long-established patterns. These economic systems are not very dynamic—things don’t change very much. Standards of living are static; individuals don’t enjoy much financial or occupational mobility. But economic behaviors and relationships are predictable. You know what you are supposed to do, who you trade with, and what to expect from others. In many traditional economies, community interests take precedence over the individual. Individuals may be expected to combine their efforts and share equally in the proceeds of their labor. In other...
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...Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke spoke to Congress on Tuesday about the still troubled U.S. economy, and what lawmakers can do to ease the pain. Giving his semiannual address to the House Banking Committee, he failed to provide any concrete information about actions the Fed will take to do its part in aiding recovery. One possible option the Fed has is another round of quantitative easing, a process in which the government purchases assets from banks and private companies in order to add a set amount of money into the economy. * Often confused with printing money, quantitative easing uses the new electronically-created cash to purchase government bonds and other assets, rather than using newly minted money to pay off government debt. The U.S. government began its first round of easing in November of 2008, followed by a second round in November of 2010. For the past several years the Federal Reserve has also maintained interest rates near zero, in attempt to boost economic recovery after the 2008 recession and housing market collapse. * A third round of quantitative easing could be a possibility, although Bernanke was not sure on the Fed's plans. He told Congress Tuesday he considers the first two rounds to be successful, and the Fed is "prepared to take further action as appropriate." It is possible the Fed would see diminishing returns on a third round, or QE3. * Easing can boost the economy by increasing the amount of available liquid assets and ability of banks to lend, but can...
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...three concepts that have shaped states’ economies so far; command economy, free-market economy and mixed economy. The free market economy provides people to follow their self-interest without government intervention while the central government takes decisions about land, labor and capital in command economy. Sloan (2007) mentions that, in essence, every economy combines of these two. Countries prefer mixed economy instead of other two opposite concepts that have never existed in rationally. The reasons why an increasing number of countries choose mixed economy is state as an entrepreneur and state as a rule of law can enforce the regulative process and it can solve the disputes between enterprises during the recession or crisis. In the free-market economy, a pure capitalist system, firms and individuals determine all the production, labor and what to consume among them. The states basically follow philosophy of laissez-faire in this economy concept and governments do not take part in decision making of economic affairs. Therefore, the drawbacks of free market economy outweigh its advantages. Highly competitive markets can reduce the prices so that people can choose what is good for them, however, lack of state intervention can cause monopoly and unequal distribution of income. Schotter (1985) claims that selfishness and utility maximization can be exposed due to self-interests of the components–companies and people–in the free market. Ignoring the consequences of this greed...
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...internship report of Partex INTERNSHIP REPORT Partex Furniture Industries Ltd. (A Partex Star Group Company) REPORT ON ‘MARKETING STRATEGY OF PARTEX FURNITURE: A STUDY OF PARTEX FURNITURE INDUSTRIES LIMITED’ Prepared for: Md. Shahin Ahamed Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka International University Prepared by: Md. Ershadul Haque Class Roll No: 11 Registration No: 209181 18th Batch Program RMBA 1Year Major in Marketing Dhaka International University Submission Date: February 26, 2011 Letter of Transmittal February 26, 2011 To Md. Shahin Ahamed Chowdhury Lecturer Department of Business Administration Dhaka International University Dear Sir, It is my pleasure to hand you the Internship Paper for PARTEX Furniture Indus. Ltd. The Subject of my analysis is Partex Furniture, one of the concerns of the Partex Group- a renowned national conglomerate. The study encompassed, a through analysis of Problem and Pattern of Partex Furniture. I have completed my analysis of the current situation with recommendation that is believed to be fruitful for the concern of the conglomerate. I would like to thank you for providing me with the opportunity to conduct a study such as this,...
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