...needed to replicate the current data and elucidate the mechanisms involved (Moseley, 2006). Following this, Johnson et al (2011) did a study to establish the effectiveness of GMI in clinical practice. This study found that the average pain intensity did not change, and only 3 out of 32 patients included reported that their pain had at least halved. The patients in Johnson et al (2011) study was only seen by a therapist every 2-4 weeks, compared to in Moseley (2006) study where the patients was seen daily and advised to practice three times every waking hour. This was only one of the possible explanations for the poor effect of GMI in Johnson (2011) study. The CSP guidelines for the management of CRPS (Goebel et al, 2012) are based on a...
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...2 Categories of Fracture Complications Early complications • Shock • fat embolism • compartment syndrome • deep vein thrombosis • thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism) • disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and infection. Delayed complications • delayed union and nonunion • avascular necrosis of bone • reaction to internal fixation devices • complex regional pain syndrome (formerly called reflex sympathetic dystrophy) • eterotrophic ossification. SHOCK (EARLY) • Hypovolemic or traumatic shock • Results from hemorrhage (both visible and nonvisible blood loss) and from loss of extracellular fluid into damaged tissues may occur in fractures of the extremities, thorax, pelvis, or spine. • Treatment of shock consists of restoring blood volume and circulation, relieving the patient’s pain, providing adequate splinting, and protecting the patient from further injury and other complications. FAT EMBOLISM SYNDROME (EARLY) • After fracture of long bones or pelvis, multiple fractures, or crush injuries, fat emboli may develop. • At the time of fracture, fat globules may move into the blood because the marrow pressure is greater than the capillary pressure or because catecholamines elevated by the patient’s stress reaction mobilize fatty acids and promote the development of fat globules in the bloodstream. • The fat globules (emboli) occlude the small blood vessels that supply the lungs...
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...A Caucasian man with Hip Pain The management of pain can be tricky as sometimes-healthcare professions struggle between objective pain and associating the subjective pain which is what the patient says, “It is.” Understanding the Pathophysiology of pain and the cause of acute pain that lead to chronic pain is an essential aspect of managing pain. The nociceptive pain pathway is series of neurons that detect noxious stimuli that end up with pain; however, the pathway starts at the peripheral to the spinal cord and the brain (Stahl 2013). Knowing the pain pathway will help the PMHNP to understand the use of certain psychological drugs for the manage pain like Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) for depression (Mehalick et al. 2016). According to the case study, the patient suffered from right hip pain that has been going...
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...the streets as Special K, is a powerful hallucinogen widely used as an animal tranquilizer by veterinarians. It was originally created for human anaesthetic, it is still used as a general anaesthetic for children, people with very poor health, and by vets. Effects from the drug are a lot like the effects of PCP. Users call the high they get from Special K "K Hole”. K Hole is described as visual distortions and users lose track of time, sense, and identity. While in the K Hole, people usually can’t move, they just stay seated or lying down during the experience. Because of these effects, it is used as a date-rape drug. Also, many people get serious injuries and disregard them because they don’t feel anything and don’t get the normal signs of pain. The high can last from a ½ hour to 2 hours. The Drug Enforcement Administration reports that users can act high for an hour but the drug can still affect the body for up to 24 hours. Short term effects of the drug are dream-like states of hallucinations. Users say they feel like they are floating or are separated from their body. Effects also include impaired attention, learning ability, and memory. The K Hole large amounts of Ketamine creates is a lot like a “bad trip” people get from LDS. Users say they feel drunk, stoned, and tripping all at once. Long term use causes bad mental and physical problems like delirium, amnesia, impaired motor function, high blood pressure, depression, and potentially fatal respiratory problems. It...
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...Case Study: Coronary Disease Laura Kwan Past Medical History: - tonsils removed as a child - no regular medication - takes reloads occasionally Family Medical History: - father died of myocardial infarction at age 52 - mother is 73 and in good health Social History: - moderately heavy social drinker - 2-3 beers after work - 5-6 beers per day on weekends - smokes a pack of cigarettes a day - married with two children - finances are stable History of Present Illness: - woke up at 4am with pressure in his chest, described as “worst indigestion I ever had” - sweaty and slightly short of breath - achy, heavy feeling in his right arm - ate pizza before bed (unhealthy) - took four Rolaids initially - didn't bring any relief - sitting made the pressure settle down - he was clammy - pressure on his chest persistently for approximately two hours - put on oxygen mask - nurses concerned about his EKG - EKG showed 1 cm ST elevation on leads V2,3,4,5 with slight ST depression on leads 2,3 and AVF Physical Examination: - heart rate was 110 (high heart rate) - respiratory rate was 22 (high respiratory rate. Should be 16-20) - blood pressure was 160/100 (high bp) - sweaty, pale, and had no obvious jugular venous distention - chest was clear on auscultation - abdomen was unremarkable - skin was slightly sweaty - chest x-ray was normal with normal heart size - lab work was normal Research: Heart Problems - closely linked to diet and lifestyle choices ...
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...that does not cause a break in the skin. - An open fracture (compound, or complex, fracture) is one in which the skin or mucous membrane wound extends to the fractured bone . Open fractures are graded according to the following criteria: • Grade I is a clean wound less than 1 cm long. • Grade II is a larger wound without extensive soft tissue damage. • Grade III is highly contaminated, has extensive soft tissue damage, and is the most severe. -Avulsion Piece of bone is torn away from the main bone while still attached to a ligament or tendon. -Impacted Bone is forcibly pushed together, resulting in bone being pushed into bone. -Interarticular Fracture involves bones within a joint -Displaced Bone pieces are out of normal alignment. One or both pieces may be out of alignment. -Pathological (also called neoplastic) Caused by bone’s being weakened either by pressure from a tumor or an actual tumor within the bone. -Spiral Fracture curves around the shaft of the bone. -Longitudinal Fracture occurs along the length of the bone. -Oblique Fracture occurs diagonally or at an oblique angle across the bone. -Transverse Bone fractured horizontally. -Depressed Bone pushed inward. Often seen with skull and facial fractures. figure(1) types of fracture 2.2.4. Clinical Manifestations: Taylor et., al (2009) ; Whiteing( 2008) mention that the sign and symptom of fracture include the following: -Pain: the pain is continuous and increases in severity until the bone fragments are immobilized...
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...00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page i NCLEX-PN ® SECOND EDITION Wilda Rinehart Diann Sloan Clara Hurd 00_078973706x_fm.qxd 1/14/08 2:42 PM Page ii NCLEX-PN® Exam Cram, Second Edition Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education All rights reserved. No part of this book shall be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN-13:978-0-7897-2706-9 ISBN-10: 0-7897-3706-x Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Rinehart, Wilda. NCLEX-PN exam cram / Wilda Rinehart, Diann Sloan, Clara Hurd. -- 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN 978-0-7897-3706-9 (pbk. w/cd) 1. Practical nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 2. Nursing--Examinations, questions, etc. 3. National Council Licensure Examination for Practical/Vocational Nurses--Study guides. I. Sloan, Diann. II. Hurd, Clara. III. Title. RT62.R55 2008 610.73'076--dc22 2008000133 Printed in the United States of America First Printing: February 2008 Trademarks All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately...
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...W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children w U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies U N TA P P E D P OT E N T I A L : Adolescents affected by armed conflict A review of programs and policies Wo m e n ’s C o m m i s s i o n f o r R e f u g e e Wo m e n & C h i l d r e n N e w Yo r k W O M E N ’ S C O M M I S S I O N for refugee women & children Copyright © January 2000 by Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-58030-000-6 Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children 122 East 42nd Street New York, NY 10168-1289 tel. 212.551.3111 or 3088 fax. 212.551.3180 e-mail: wcrwc@intrescom.org www.intrescom.org/wcrwc.html w cover photographs © Rachel K. Jones, Marc Sommers, Sarah Samson, Holly Myers, Anne-Sophie Rosette, International Rescue Committee M I S S I O N S TAT E M E N T The Women’s Commission for Refugee Women and Children seeks to improve the lives of refugee women and children through a vigorous program of public education and advocacy, and by acting as a technical resource. The Commission, founded in 1989 under the auspices of the International Rescue Committee, is the only organization in the United States dedicated solely to speaking out on behalf of women and children uprooted by armed conflict or persecution. Acknowledgments The Women’s Commission expresses its sincere...
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...AFRICA’S DEVELOPMENT: THE IMPERATIVES OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE AND VALUES by MARTIN ODEI AJEI submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the subject PHILOSOPHY at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA PROMOTER: PROFESSOR M. B. RAMOSE AUGUST 2007 Contents Declaration Acknowledgement List of Acronyms Key terms Summary vi vii viii x xi INTRODUCTION: DEVELOPMENT AND PHILOSOPHY i. Statement of the Problem ii. Against Economism iii. Critique of Competition iv. Poverty is Unnatural v. Thesis Statement vi. Methodology vii. Structure of Dissertation 1 1 1 5 6 9 10 15 CHAPTER ONE: DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON AFRICA 1.1. What is Development 1.2. Development and Economic Growth 1.3. Schools of Development Thought and their Influence in Africa 1.3.1. The Modernization School and its Essential Claims 1.3.1.1. Growth Theory under Economic Liberalism 1.3.1.2. Evolutionary Theory 1.3.1.3. Functionalist Theory 1.3.1.4. Common Assumptions and Methodology 1.3.1.5 The Influence of Modernization on Development Practice in Africa 1.3.1.6. Critique of Modernization 1.3.2 Dependency Theory and its Essential Claims 21 21 25 27 27 28 29 30 32 34 36 39 i 1.3.3. The Theoretical Heritage of Dependency Theory 1.3.3.1. Structuralist Economics and the ‘Prebisch Thesis’ 1.3.3.2. Marxism 1.3.4. Common Assumptions of Dependency Theory 1.3.5. Criticisms of Dependency Theory 1.3.6. The Influence of Dependency Theory on African Development Practice...
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...Use these links to rapidly review the document TABLE OF CONTENTS Index to Consolidated financial statements Table of Contents UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 FORM 20-F (Mark One) o REGISTRATION STATEMENT PURSUANT TO SECTION 12(b) OR (g) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 For the fiscal year ended 30 June 2013 OR o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 OR o SHELL COMPANY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 Commission File Number 001-35627 MANCHESTER UNITED plc (Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter) Not Applicable (Translation of Company's name into English) Cayman Islands (Jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) Sir Matt Busby Way, Old Trafford, Manchester, England, M16 0RA (Address of principal executive offices) Edward Woodward Executive Vice Chairman Sir Matt Busby Way, Old Trafford, Manchester, England, M16 0RA Telephone No. 011 44 (0) 161 868 8000 E-mail: ir@manutd.co.uk (Name, Telephone, E-mail and/or Facsimile number and Address of Company Contact Person) Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act. Title of each class Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.0005 per share Name of each exchange on which registered New York Stock Exchange Securities...
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...LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review This report critically reviews the literature on learning styles and examines in detail 13 of the most influential models. The report concludes that it matters fundamentally which instrument is chosen. The implications for teaching and learning in post-16 learning are serious and should be of concern to learners, teachers and trainers, managers, researchers and inspectors. Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review LSRC reference LSRC reference Learning styles and pedagogy in post-16 learning A systematic and critical review Frank Coffield Institute of Education University of London David Moseley University of Newcastle Elaine Hall University of Newcastle Kathryn Ecclestone University of Exeter The Learning and Skills Research Centre is supported by the Learning and Skills Council and the Department for Education and Skills The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Learning and Skills Research Centre or the Learning and Skills Development Agency Published by the Learning and Skills Research Centre www.LSRC.ac.uk Feedback should be sent to: Sally Faraday Research Manager Learning and Skills Development Agency Regent Arcade House 19–25 Argyll Street London...
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