Unit 2 Assignment 1: Chapter Review and TRACE 1. The five elements in the rhetorical situation are text, reader, author, constraints, and exigence. 2. A reader can use the rhetorical situation to analyze an argument essay by analyzing what the author is arguing about and who his target readers are. A viewer can use the rhetorical situation to analyze an image by first analyzing what the image’s meaning is, and who the targeted viewer is. A writer can use the rhetorical situation during the planning phase of writing a paper by deciding who is target readers will be and the position it may take on the topic. 3. The audience is important in argument because without the audience you have no argument. The different positions that the audience might initially hold are a friendly, an undecided, a neutral, a resistant, an unfamiliar, or a linked audience. There are multiple outcomes that are associated with arguments directed to each of these audiences, these outcomes include, a bias, they may oppose your argument, or they may agree with your argument. 4. Discourse communities are defined as groups that are involved in and communicating about a particular topic, or issue. The reason a discourse community is helpful to establish common ground for its members is because they share a set of basic values and assumptions. 5. A universal audience is an imagined audience that serves as an ethical and argumentative test for the rhetor. A universal audience is a useful idea for topics such as