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Computer Aided Design

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Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku
Strojarski fakultet u Slavonskom Brodu

Seminarski rad
Računalom podržano konstruiranje

Krunoslav Slišurić
12063270

Slavonski Brod, listopad 2010

SADRŽAJ CAE SUSTAVI 3 CAD MODELI 4 POČETNI PROZOR 6 LITERATURA 7

CAE SUSTAVI

Skraćenica od Računalom podržano inženjerstvo (Computer - aided engineering). To su računalni sistemi koji analiziraju inženjerske dizajne. Većina CAD (računalom podržano dizajniranje) sistema ima CAE komponentu, ali tu su isto i nezavisni CAE sistemi koji mogu analizirati dizajne napravljene različitim CAD sistemima. CAE sistemi su u mogućnosti simulirati dizajn pod mnogobrojnim uvjetima da vide hoće li to zapravo funkcionirati. Računalom podržano inženjerstvo je zapravo svako korištenje nekakvog računalnog programa da bi se riješio nekakav inženjerski problem. Sa poboljšanjem računalne grafike, inženjerskih radnih stanica i grafičkih standarda računalom podržano inženjerstvo je počelo značiti računalno rješavanje inženjerskih problema sa podrškom interaktivne računalne grafike.
CAE software se koristi na različitim tipovima računala, kao što su serveri i superračunala, inženjerske radne stanice pa čak i na osobnim računalima. Izbor računalnog sistema često uvjetuje snaga potrebna za izračun ili pokretanje CAE programa ili nivo i brzina grafike koja je potrebna. Trend je da se više koriste inženjerske radne stanice, posebno novi tipovi poznati kao supergrafičke radne stanice. Inženjeri koriste različite CAE alate, uključujući velike komercijalne programe opće namjene i mnoge specijalizirane programe napisane u tvrtci ili negdje u industriji. Rješenje jednog inženjerskog problema često zahtjeva utjecaj više CAE alata. Komunikacija podataka između ovih programa predstavlja izazov za većinu aplikacija. Podatci su obično provučeni kroz neutralne formate, standarde koji su razmjenjivi ili sistemske baze podataka.
Tipični CAE program je napravljen od broja matematičkih modela enkodiranih algoritmima napisanih u programskom jeziku. Prirodni fenomen koji se analizira je predočen pomoću inženjerskog modela. Fizička konfiguracija je predočena pomoću geometrijskog modela. Rezultati, zajedno sa geometrijom, su vidljivi preko korisničkog sučelja na ekranu računala i preko slike. Sustavi za Računalom podržano dizajniranje i proizvodnja su kreirani od strane svemirske industrije u ranim 1960-ima da bi pomogli u masivnom dizajnu i dokumentacijskim zadatcima povezanim sa proizvodnjom zrakoplova. CAD/CAM sustavi su prvenstveno korišteni za detaljno dizajniranje i crtanje zajedno sa generiranjem numeričkih linija koda za proizvodnju. Postepeno više CAE funkcija je dodavano CAD/CAM sustavima modeliranje sa CAD/CAM sustavima je postalo prilično sofisticirano. Najpopularniji komercijalni sustavi podržavaju 2D i 3D mreže, površinske modele i čvrste modele. Za čvrste modele koristi se kombinacija tri tipa prikaza: konstruktivna čvrsta geometrija, granični prikaz i prikaz pregleda.
CAE metode za električno i elektroničko inženjerstvo su vrlo razvijene. Geometrija je općenito dvodimenzionalna, a problemi su većinom linearni ili mogu biti linearizirani sa dovoljnom točnošću. Kemijsko inženjerstvo koristi opsežnu upotrebu CAE sustava sa simulacijom procesa i kontrolnim programima. Arhitekturalno korištenje CAE sustava je slično inženjerskom korištenju samo sa naglasom na arhitekturi. Svemirsko, strojarsko, industrijsko i proizvodno inženjerstvo koriste strojarski CAE softver zajedno sa specijaliziranim softverom.

CAD MODELI
CAD SOFTVER
CAD softver se koristi za crtanje ahitektonskih i inženjerskih crteža i za izradu tehničkih ilustracija svih vrsta. CAD vam omogućava da pripremite brze i precizne crteže. Omogućava fleksibilnost za izmjenu crteža uz minimalan trud. U proteklim godinama, mnogi profesionalci su prešli na CAD da uživaju u prednostima ovog preciznog i kreativnog alata. Danas, mnoge edukacijske ustanove koriste CAD kao dio njihovog akademskog rasporeda. Kao rezultat, CAD znanje je postalo vrlo važno svim profesionalcima uključenim u polje dizajna i crtanja. To je korištenje računalnog softvera i sistema za dizajniranje i stvaranje 2D i 3D virtualnih modela i proizvoda u svrhu testiranja. To se nekad zove i računalom podržano crtanje.
CAAD SOFTVER
Računalom podržana arhitektura se vrlo kratko koristi, razlog ovome je sto su arhitekti sporo usvajali mogućnosti računalne tehnologije. Jedan od razloga je cijena ovih sustava. Računalom podržan arhitekturalni dizajn softveri su repozitorij točnih i iscrpnih crteža zgrada i koriste ih arhitekti i ahitektonske tvrtke. Prvi program je instaliran 1960-ih kako bi pomogao arhitektima da uštede vrijeme crtanja crteža. Prvo se koristio CAD, ali kako nije mogao ponuditi sve alate koje su arhitekti trebali za izvršavanje projekta razvijen je CAAD kao posebna vrsta softvera.
CAPE
Kompjuterski podržano proizvodno inženjerstvo (CAPE) je relativno nova i značajna grana inženjerstva. Globalna proizvodnja je promijenila okruženje u kojem se dobra proizvode. Brzi razvoj elektronike i komunikacijskih tehnologija zahtijevao je da dizajn i proizvodnja drže korak.
CAPE se vidi kao novi tip računalom podržanog inženjerskog okoliša koji će poboljšati produktivnost proizvodnih/industrijskih inženjera. Ovaj softver će biti korišten za dizajniranje i implementiranje budućih proizvodnih sistema i podsistema. Budućnost proizvodnje će biti određena učinkovitošću u koje se mogu integrirati nove tehnologije. Zbog cijene proizvodnih sustava inženjerski proces mora biti učinkovitiji. Novi sistemi bi mogli omogućiti dostizanje tog cilja. Kao što dizajneri proizvoda trebaju CAD sisteme, tako proizvodni i industrijski inženjeri trebaju sofisticirane računalne mogućnosti za rješavanje problema i obrađivanje hrpe podataka povezanih sa dizajniranjem proizvodnih sustava. U svrhu rješavanja ovih složenih problema i obrađivanje dizajnerskih podataka, računalni alati se moraju koristiti u izvođenju znanstvenih i inženjerskih metoda u problemima dizajniranja i implementacije proizvodnih sustava.
CAM
U istu svrhu kao što dizajneri proizvoda trebaju računalom podržano dizajniranje tako i proizvodni inženjeri trebaju računalom podržanu proizvodnju da bi riješili kompleksne probleme proizvodnje. Cilj ovih inženjerskih procesa je da nađu najbolja rješenja problema. Proizvodni inženjeri nisu samo zabrinuti početnim dizajnom i inženjerstvom u proizvodnji nego se moraju osvrnuti i na poboljšanja i ostale promjene tokom vremena. CAM okoliš bi trebao podupirati i standardne inženjerske metode i tehnike za rješavanje problema, automatizirati mnoge monotone zadatke i ponuditi važne informacije koje pomažu u rješavanju zadataka. Program bi trebao biti dizajniran tako da pomogne inženjerima postati produktivniji i učinkovitiji u svom poslu.

POČETNI PROZOR

Primarni zadatak Autodesk Inventora je konstruirati računalne modele u obliku 3D parametarski čvrstih dijelova i 3D limenih dijelova koji predstavljaju dio komponente u računalu. Dijelovi od lima su posebna vrsta čvrstih dijelova. Možete napraviti limenu komponentu rezanjem i savijanjem limene ploče neke debljine. Da bi zadovoljili potrebe proizvodnje koje zahtjevaju zaobljene savijene dijelove, spojeve i rubove potreban je poseban alat za čvrste modele.
Tipovi zapisa su zapisi o dijelovima, zapisi o dijelovima za sastavljanje, prezentacijama i crtežima.
Zapisi o dijelovima, konstruira se 3D čvrsti dio ili limeni dio u zapisu o dijelu, ekstenzije .ipt. Zapis o dijelu sprema definiciju parametara 3D čvstog dijela. Zapis o dijelovima za sastavljanje, da bi konstruirali nesto sastavljeno od vise dijelova koristimo zapis o dijelovima za sastavljanje ekstenzija je .iam. Dio za sastavljanje se povezuje sa setom parametarskih 3D čvrstih dijelova ili podsklopova . Sprema samo informaciju o tome kako se dijelovi zajedno sastavljaju i informacije o detaljima parametarskih 3D čvrstih dijelova. Prezentacija, da bi konstruirali prezentaciju idemo uzimamo template o prezentaciji, ekstenzija je .ipn. Prezentacijski zapis povezuje se sa dijelom za sastavljanje. Sprema informacije o tome kako dijelovi za sastavljaje nasjedaju jedan na drugog. Da bi konstruirali 2D inženjerski crtež 3D parametarskog dijela, koristimo predložak za crtež ekstenzija mu je .idw. Crtež se povezuje sa zapisom o dijelu ili prezentacijom.
Kad otvaramo novi crtež ili zapis to radimo u Otvori prozoru u kojem imamo tri kartice (Default, English, Metric). U svakoj kartici nalazi se broj predložaka. English kartica ima engleske predloške, Metric kartica ima metričke predloške uključujući i BSI, DIN, GB, ISO i JIS standarde, a Default kartica ima predloške konfigurirane za sustav mjerenje koji smo odabrali pri instalaciji programa.
Postoje dva predloška za novi dio Sheet metal.ipt i Standard.ipt. Standard.iam se koristi za konstruiranje sklopa predmeta. Standard.ipn se koristi za prezentiranje sastavljanja dijelova. Standard.idw se koristi za crtanje inženjerskog crteža.

LITERATURA

http://www.answers.com/topic/computer-aided-engineering/ http://www.caddprimer.com/library/ http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/computer-aided-design.htm http://herkules.oulu.fi/isbn9514257545/isbn9514257545.pdf http://www.worldarchitecture.org/theory-issues/index.asp?position=detail&no=306 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_production_engineering http://acad-atc.ic.polyu.edu.hk/inventor/01intro.pdf

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...Course Code: CSE 312 Course Title: Analysis and design of IS Class: Diploma (CSE/IT) Section: JK901 DOA: 23.01.12 DOS: Interim Evaluation starts on: Final Evaluation starts on: |Planned |Actual | | | | |Planned |Actual | | | | |S.No. |Topic |Allotted to Roll Nos. |Student Sign |Allotted to Roll Nos.|Student Sign | |1 |What Are The Basic Requirements For The |RJK901A01 | |RJK901B38 |  | | |Development of UMS In The LPU? | | | | | |2 |Responsibilities of the Technical System analyst|RJK901A04 | |RJK901B39 |  | | |in the InfoTech deptt of the LPU? | | | | | |3 |Prepare a detailed report of Categories of |RJK901A06 | |RJK901B40 |  | | |information system in the LPU? | | ...

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