...Evolution of Computer Applications and Architecture By Ken Jacobi, Computer Architecture (IT-501) In discussing the evolution of computer architecture, we find that there are many angles on how people tend to view things. Some will take consideration in how things have changed over the last few years. Others will take a stronger look at the direction of where they believe technology is going. A third focus is in regards to the unexpected mistakes that people have made. In conjunction with the past, how can these mistakes be avoided in the coming future and evolution of technology; both for equal and competitive reasons. In part with this, we can turn to the very basic view about what makes a good design. Many architectural topics once began with the idea that if you build something and develop it correctly, change is not something one should expect. If it’s developed right the first time then you don’t have to change it. In this successful strive, people have come to the underlying conclusion that this is a very unrealistic position to be. A very good place to stress the relevance here is by dating back to the start of an exciting architectural turn of events that have gotten us to where we now are: the birth of modern computing. Many will say that this “landmark” of progress has lead to an evolutional launch that we constantly live within. It’s safe to say that these embarking events once began somewhere amongst the early 1970s. Coming out of the...
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...ROY, ANUJ BEN NOV 19, 2011 COMPUTER APPLICATION MPH RESEARCH WORK 1) WHAT IS INFORMATION SYSTEM? A combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and trained personal organized to facilitate planning, control, coordination and decision making in an organization. It can also be frequent interaction between people. 2) WHY DO PEOPLE NEED INFORMATION? INDIVIDUALS Information’s are needed to make a person’s day to day life easier. Information will give answers to their questions, helps to know directions to their destinations, achieve goals, it will help to learn how things are done, help to make things better BUSINESSES It is one of the most important segment of information industry. People need information about the latest news in business industry, details about customers and market, helps in credit and financial information, company and execute profiles, to know the economic analysis of the country, it also helps in research. OTHER INDUSTRIES People need information regarding scientific, medical, technical, educational and training content. Scientific information is necessary for various researches. Medical information helps in the healthcare system. Technical information helps in the engineering, evaluation with design, production, operation, use and maintenance of an equipment, machine, system...
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...Malaysian Economy Vision 2020 Lectures: Madam Fatin Fazrida Background Wawasan 2020 or vision 2020 introduced by former Prime Minister of Malaysia Tun Mahathir Mohamad in 1990 and was presented to the Malaysia Business Council in 1991. The vision calls for the nation to achieve a self-sufficient industrialized nation by the year 2020.Moreover, encompasses all aspects of life including economic prosperity, social well-being,education,political stability, and psychology balance. The main emphasis of vision which an annuall growth rate 7% is required which means Gross Domestic Product (GDP) had to be doubled every 10 years. Slogan 1Malaysia“People first,performance now. Vision 2020 is not only a mission for Malaysia to advance economically, but also for the nation to achieve an ideal social and political environment. Apart from that, it emphasises on the betterment of governmental system, life quality, social and spiritual values, national pride as well as confidence. Launched by Prime Minister in 2009 to move the country forward towards becoming a united, advanced and progressive society with higher living stantard and contribute to Goverment Transformation Program(GTP). Moreover, to transform the goverment to be more effective in its delivery of services and accountable for outcomes that matter most to the rakyat.In additional to move Malaysia forward to become an advanced,united and just society with high standard of living. ...
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...COMPUTER APPLICATION AND MICROCONTROLLER SYSTEM DESIGN ON TEMPERATURE AND LIGHT SENSORS MEASUREMENT TOOL MODULE Wilson Wiyatno1, Melisa Mulyadi2 Electrical Engineering Department – Faculty of Engineering Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia e-mail: 1wilson.wiyatno@student.atmajaya.ac.id, 2melisa.mulyadi@atmajaya.ac.id ABSTRACT The experiment module for sensor testing in the Electronic Laboratory Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta is not well integrated. The sensor output is not homogenous and there is no application to show the characteristic of the sensor. To solve this problem, a computer based sensors measurement tool module needs to be made. The sensor gives the output such as analog value to the microcontroller. Microcontroller receives the output with Analog to Digital Converter (ADC), then microcontroller send the digital value to computer using serial communication. The application based on C# programming language is made as user interface to the user. To know the input of the sensor, simple linear regression, a type of numeric method, is used to calculate the input of the sensor and to make the linearity between the input and the output. The testing of the results in computer show that the error rate system is small. After the input and the output have been known, the graphic can be made to show the characteristic sensor to the user. ...
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...DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY SELF – STUDY Ranesh Shevam 2k12/EC/139 Self study on : Object Tracking ( Structural partial least square for simultaneous object tracking and segmentation.) Report : * Definition * Applications * Challenges * Simplification of Tracking DEFINITION : * Tracking can be defined as the problem of estimating the trajectory of an object in the image plane as it moves around a scene * Three steps in video analysis: 1. Detection of interesting moving objects 2. Tracking of such objects from frame to frame 3. Analysis of object tracks to recognize their behavior 1) Applications : * motion-based recognition * human identification based on gait, automatic object detection, etc * automated surveillance * monitoring a scene to detect suspicious activities or unlikely events * video indexing * automatic annotation and retrieval of the videos in multimedia databases * human-computer interaction * gesture recognition, eye gaze tracking for data input to computers, etc. * traffic monitoring * real-time gathering of traffic statistics to direct traffic flow * vehicle navigation * video-based path planning and obstacle avoidance capabilities. Challenges : * loss of information caused by projection of the 3D world on a 2D image * noise in images * complex object motion * nonrigid or articulated nature of objects ...
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...In information technology, an application is a computer program designed to help people perform an activity. An application thus differs from an operating system (which runs a computer), a utility (which performs maintenance or general-purpose chores), and a programming language (with which computer programs are created). Depending on the activity for which it was designed, an application can manipulate text, numbers, graphics, or a combination of these elements. Some application packages offer considerable computing power by focusing on a single task, such as word processing; others, called integrated software, offer somewhat less power but include several applications.[1] User-written software tailors systems to meet the user's specific needs. User-written software include spreadsheet templates, word processor macros, scientific simulations, graphics and animation scripts. Even email filters are a kind of user software. Users create this software themselves and often overlook how important it is. The delineation between system software such as operating systems and application software is not exact, however, and is occasionally the object of controversy. For example, one of the key questions in the United States v. Microsoft antitrust trial was whether Microsoft's Internet Explorer web browser was part of its Windows operating system or a separable piece of application software. As another example, the GNU/Linux naming controversy is, in part, due to disagreement about the...
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...3230 Assignment #1 June 14, 2015 Chapter 1: 7. How do local area networks (LANs) differ from metropolitan area networks (MANs), wide area networks (WANs), and back bone networks (BNs)? A LAN is different from the other networks because it is a group of computers located in the same general area. It covers a defined small area. LANs are typically connected to a BN, which is a larger central network that connects multiple LANs together, along with other BNs MANs and WANs. They can be anywhere from hundreds of feet to several miles, typically ranging from 100 to 1,000 Mbps. MANs are the next level up, connecting LANs and BNs located in different areas as well as WANs. MANs span anywhere between 3 and 30 miles, and data rates are typically ranging from 64 Kbps to 100 Mbps, although nowadays they can get up to 10 Gbps. WANs connect BNs and MANs, and are usually made by leasing circuits provided by IXCs. The data transmission rates are anywhere from 64 Kbps to 10 Gbps. 12. Describe the seven layers in the OSI network model and what they do. The seven layers are as follows; Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Datalink, and Physical. The application layer is a set of utilities used by application programs. The presentation layer formats data for presentation to the user and provides data interfaces, data compression and translation between data formats. The session layer initiates, maintains and terminates each logical session sent between the sender...
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...The World Wide Web provides a new paradigm in computer networking for human communication, which had an impact on the delivery of information and continues to stand in rapid developments. The word Web Technology represents a discontinuity in the way applications are connected. Using the Web Technology as the basis for an application brings substantial advantages to the adopter. This report focuses on 2-tier architecture and mainly on the 3-tier architecture, which is the present web technology. This report will also review the client-side scripting and the server-side scripting. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1. Introduction 3 2. Need for technology 4 3. Terminology 5 4. 2-Tier Architecture 5 5. 3-Tier Architecture 7 6. Client Server Architecture 10 7. Conclusion 12 REFERENCES 13 1. INTRODUCTION Web sites have quickly evolved from simple, static pages to complex Web applications performing critical operations for many businesses. These applications involve dynamic data from multiple sources; ever changing and various features for e-commerce, personalization and many more. At the same time, customers and internal users have understandably come to expect and demand more and more sophistication in the Web-based applications they use every day. The result? Web application solution providers — and their client companies — face several new challenges. They must meet or exceed...
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...16, 19, 20, 26 1. What are the different types of application architectures? There are three different fundamental application architectures. In host-based networks, the server performs virtually all of the work. In client-based networks, the client computer does most of the work; the server is used only for data storage. In client-server networks, the work is shared between the servers and clients. The client performs all presentation logic, the server handles all data storage and data access logic, and one performs the application logic. Client server networks can be cheaper to install and often better balance the network loads but are far more complex and costly to develop manage. 2. Describe the four basic functions of an application software package. Basic functions of an application Layer Data storage Storing of data generated by programs (e.g., files, records) Data access logic Processing required accessing stored data (e.g., SQL) Application logic Business login such as word processors, spreadsheets Presentation logic Presentation of info to user and acceptance of user commands 7. Compare and contrast two-tier, three-tier, and n-tier client-server architectures. What are the technical differences, and what advantages and disadvantages does each offer? Two-tier client server architecture uses only two sets of computers, one set of clients and one set of servers. Three-tier...
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...connects enterprise applications. The middleware lies between the operating system and the enterprise application. It lies on each side of a distributed computer system network. Middleware supports sophisticated and distributed computer software applications. Any application between the computer kernel and user applications is considered to be a middleware. The most important aspect of the middleware is that it enables communication and input and output of the developers. Middleware becomes the link between the os-ware and the application software. This aspect of the middleware makes it possible for the applications to borrow the services of middleware. On the other hand, the middleware uses network layer services operating system (Myerson, 2002). Types of middleware Middleware gets used as a hybrid, public, or private. The best way to understand middleware is to look at some specific examples. The examples do not get built on any platform. However, they can be incorporated into cloud computing (Mohammed, 2005). Some common examples are Message-oriented middleware The infrastructural middleware supports sending and receiving messages in the distributed applications environment. According to Serein (1999) it helps to disburse applications to various other platforms. It eases the work of creating software applications to get incorporated in several operating Figure 2: Message oriented middleware Transaction middleware The middleware has applications like transaction...
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...Web Apps are computer software applications which have right to use over the network like Internet and intranet. There are numerous web apps that are gaining popularity and are trusted by the users. These web apps provide compatibility to thousands of computer clients as it can be operated in any modern browser or mobile OS. 1. Money: Money is termed as another food to survive in this world. Monetary balance is very essential to manage business and personal life online. To deal with the finances, cash flows and to make the sites financially viable there are applications like: Mint: This application has found ways to administer the finances online in a convenient way. It will check the accounts and track your budgets. Freshbooks: This app provides an easier platform to raise online invoices for the clients within the time specified and also facilitate collection of payment through Paypal. . 2. Presentations: This is a kind of apps that is ruled by the phrase “First Impression is the last impression”. In this application one can present his idea, his thought, his believe visually and make the things in their favour. This kind of app is gaining popularity in corporate sector where everything needs to be discussed at various levels to get it executed and describing the idea again and again can sometimes lose its vision so presenting the thought through various presentation is the most suitable technique. One of the apps is Animoto: Animoto is an application which will turn...
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...WORD PROCESSING INTRODUCTION Word Processing is one of the most widely used application programs today. Word Processing basically concerns using the computer for secretarial activities. This includes amongst other activities typing of text, filling, storage, retrieval and maintenance of documents. Word Processing software enables automated manipulation of words in terms of entering, storage/ retriveal and printing of text in various forms such as letters, reports, books, and so on. It is the single most common task carried out on PCs. Once a secretary/typist has used a word processing package, he or she will probably wonder how in the world anyone could ever have made do without it. Word Processing has virtually eliminated the need for tippex correction fliud and the need to re-type documents. Making corrections on an already printed document is not only time consuming and cubersome,but revising the same text electronically, using word processors is quick and quite easy. You simply make corrections and revisions to the text on the computer screen before the document is printed in final form. There is no limit to the numbers of times or the frequency of changes to any documents after being into computer. Word Processing is about working with words, and setting them on the paper. The characters of the alphabet are generally formed into words. Words are combined into sentences, following the rules of grammer. Word processingsoftware faciliates the handling of words...
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...ITM R 6:00pm-10:00pm FALL 2014 Date: 10/30/2014 ------------------------------------------------- INTRODUCTION * The case is talking about HH Gregg Company who was facing a big challenge. The supplier of their hardware which their system running on announced they would no longer support the system. The leaders of the company figured out several options to solve this problem. The main task for them is to find a new application suite to satisfy the enterprise functions. * Developing History of HH Gregg * The HH Gregg Company was founded on April 15th, 1955 in Indianapolis, Indiana. The original founders Henry Harold and his wife Fansy founded the initial store in an 800 square-feet appliance showroom and office. Soon, the company became to 3 times larger in 1960. Gregg’s son, Gerald Throgmartin joined the family business in 1966. * A second store was opened in 1971 and it expanded very fast. In 1984, they built a superstore out of state of Indiana. * The company began to use computers to operate their business in 1986. IDEA/3000 application system running on HP 3000 were used by the company. * In 2003, HP announced that they will not support the system in the future after December 31, 2006. * More than 60 stores were running by HH Gregg. They are planning for expansion to become a nationwide retailer with several hundred stores. ------------------------------------------------- ISSUES/PROBLEMS Issues HH Gregg was facing * As one of Gregg’s...
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...architecture, the analyst must consider the following issues: Enterprise resource planning (ERP) Initial cost and (TCO) Scalability Web integration Legacy system interface requirements Processing options Security issues 3. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) defines a specific architecture, including standards for data, processing, network, and user interface design. It is important because it describes a specific hardware and software environment that ensures hardware connectivity and easy integration of future applications, including in-house software and commercial packages. ERP also can extend to suppliers and customers in a process called supply chain management. In a totally integrated supply chain, a customer order could cause a production planning system to schedule a work order, which in turn triggers a call for certain parts from one or more suppliers. 4. A server is a computer that supplies data, processing services, or other support to one or more computers, called clients. An example of server-based processing is the creation & adaptation of a database using MySQL. 5. Client/Server Architecture refers to systems that divide processing between one or more networked clients and a central server. The client submits a request for information from the server, which...
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...Databases John Smith CSCI 109 Professor Jones September 16, 2007 Databases and spreadsheets are applications used for managing data. A database organizes information on a particular subject for retrieval (Stille, 2010, p.1). It is a “collection of related data that can be easily stored, sorted, organized, and queried” (Evans, Martin & Poatsy, 2001, p.510). Almost any kind of data that needs organizing can be put into a database. Databases increase efficiency and therefore provides for data centralization. An advantage of databases is that they are flexibly organized, enabling reorganization of the information (p.511-515). Microsoft Access is the most common database storage application for windows. In the days before computers, bookkeepers and accountants used a paper ledger booklet for keeping financial records and all calculations were done manually. The age of computers brought applications that could store data and perform complex calculations. Spreadsheets allow the user to track simple data, perform complex calculations and create charts and graphs. One of the first applications was Visi-Calc, which became Lotus 1-2-3. These days Excel commands most of the market of spreadsheet applications (Stille, 2010). A monthly budget is an essential tool for any businesses financial success. A budget created on a spreadsheet gives a clear picture of the overall financial condition of the company. By using a spreadsheet to compose a budget, quick modifications...
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