...Foreign investment does not require prior approval, except in banking and defense-related industries. But Foreign investors are advised to register with ProInversion to obtain the guarantee that they will be able to repatriate capital, profits, and royalties. * Some laws require that Peruvians own a majority share in companies operating in certain sectors: media, air and land transportation, and private security surveillance services. * In addition, under the Constitution, foreign interests cannot "acquire or possess under any title, mines, lands, forests, waters, or fuel or energy sources" within 50 kilometers of Peru's international borders. But with the authorization from Joint Command of the Armed Forces, foriegners can obtain concessions and rights with the restricted areas. * Peru’s efforts to reform business start-up procedures made significant advances in 2011 but declined by one place in the World Bank’s business start-up ranking from 54 in 2011 to 55 in 2012. At the same time, Peru lowered the...
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...PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS AT THE BRAZILIAN AIRPORTS ANDRÉ SOUTELINO Lawyer. Bachelor‟s degree: Law, Universidade Cândido Mendes (2004). Post-graduation in Private Law, Universidade Federal Fluminense (2007). Master‟s Student in Economic Law and Development– research project: Regulation, Competition, Innovation and Development. e-mail address: andrelds@unisys.com.br. ABSTRACT This paper explains the reasons for investments on infrastructure by the private sector. Today, there are prisons, water supply, roads, airports and other activities that request a high investment managed by the private sector. It can be done through concessions, privatization or public-private partnerships (PPP). About the private investments on airports, ICAO has allowed the less interference by the states at the airport administration. So, this paper proposes to demonstrate that the application of public private partnership at Brazilian airports is worthwhile. KEY WORDS: airport; privatization; public private partnerships Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1506109 INFRASTRUCTURE The definition of infrastructure varies from country to country and in the doctrinal field. As for the countries, governmental policy defines what is basic, essential and crucial for the development of the nation. The doctrine splits infrastructure into economic and social, being subdivided into hard and soft (Grimsey & Lewis, 2004). Economic infrastructure is considered the one providing intermediate...
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...INFRASTRUCTURE POLICY AND REGULATION Bengaluru International Airport Limited Individual Assignment -1 Anupam Shetty Fourth Batch 2012 - 13 Bengaluru International Airport Limited Contents: 1. Background……………………………………………………………….………………….…….……Page 4 2. Need for the airport…………………………………………………………………………………Page 4 3. Scope of the Project…………………………………………………………………………………Page 5 4. Project Sponsors/Concessionaires……………………………………………………………Page 6 5. Financiers…………………………………………………………………………………………………Page 7 6. Relevant Government Bodies…………………………………………………………………..Page 7 7. EPC Firms………………………………………………………………………………………………….Page 7 8. Regulators………………………………………………………………………………………………..Page 7 9. Concession and CNS/ATM Agreement……………………………………………………..Page 8 10. Financial Arrangements………………………………………………………………………….Page 8 11. Project Conception…………………………………………………………………………………Page 9 12. Bidding Process………………………………………………………………………………………Page 9 13. Project Shaping………………………………………………………………………………………Page 10 14. Master Plan and Projects……………………………………………………………………….Page 11 15. Agreements Signed in Chronological Order……………………………………………Page 12 16. Land & Peripheral Infrastructure……………………………………………………………Page 13 17. Project Execution/Construction……………………………………………………………..Page 13 18. After Completion……………………………………………………………………………………Page 17 19. First Test Flight……………………………………………………………………………………….Page 17 20. Reason for...
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...Article NMIAL doubles advertising revenue, adds new concessions Published: Sunday | September 9, 2012 NMIA Airports Limited (NMIAL) is reporting a 20.55 per cent improvement in non-aeronautical revenue (NAR) for fiscal year 2011-2012 on the back of improved income from concessions and advertising. NMIAL is the Airports Authority of Jamaica subsidiary that operates the Norman Manley International Airport. The airport company earned US$14.76 million in non-aeronautical up from US$12.24 million in the previous fiscal year. NMIAL plans to spend some US$6 million will be spent in the coming fiscal year on capital improvement projects, according to Senior Director of Commercial Development and Planning Alfred McDonald. With respect to NAR-generating projects, new plans for the current fiscal year include tendering for additional retail and food concessions, as well as a sports bar. "Other plans are in progress to attract more non-travellers to the airport for information and entertainment. These plans are in their embryonic stages," said McDonald. NMIA Airport is a wholly owned subsidiary of Airports Authority of Jamaica (AAJ) which was incorporated in 2003. It operates NMIA under a 30-year concession agreement with AAJ. The arrangement is expected to be set aside once the state-owned airport is privatised. NMIAL collects most of it commercial revenue from concession fees collected from non-fuel retailers. The rental of retail space brought in 24 per cent more revenue,...
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...POSITION PAPER ON THE AIRPORTS SECTOR IN INDIA May 2009 Department of Economic Affairs Ministry of Finance Government of India AIRPORTS SECTOR EXISTING SCENARIO 1. The civil aviation traffic has seen an unprecedented traffic in the past few years on account of booming Indian economy, growing tourism industry, entry of low cost carriers in the private sector, liberalization of international bi-lateral agreements and liberalization of civil aviation policy. In future also the civil aviation traffic is expected to grow at the same pace despite current slowdown due to global recession. But airport infrastructure has not kept pace with the growth of the civil aviation traffic. This has resulted in congestion and inefficient services in major airports, limited landing slots, inadequate parking bays and congestion during peak hours for airlines. Development of quality infrastructure will have an impact on international competitiveness and economic growth. This requires faster development of civil aviation infrastructure on public private partnership mode. In tune with the requirement many initiatives have already been started in the 10th five year plan and they are expected to continue in the 11th plan also. 2. Of a total number of 454 airports and airstrips in India, 16 are designated as international airports. The Airports Authority of India (AAI) owns and operates 97 airports. A recent report by Centre for Asia Pacific Aviation (CAPA) states that over the next 12 years...
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...Dial Is A Joint Venture Consortium DIAL is a joint venture consortium of GMR Group (54%), Airports Authority of India (26%), Fraport & Eraman Malaysia (10% each). GMR is the lead member of the consortium; Fraport AG is the airport operator, Eraman Malaysia - the retail advisors. In January 2006, the consortium was awarded the concession to operate, manage and develop the IGI Airport following an international competitive bidding process. DIAL entered in to Operations, Management and Development Agreement (OMDA) on April 4, 2006 with the AAI. The initial term of the concession is 30 years extendable by a further 30 years Besides upgrading the existing terminals, DIAL has already commissioned a new runway 11-29 at IGI Airport on September 25, 2008. It has also inaugurated the new domestic departure terminal 1D (T1D) on 26th February, 2009. T1D will increase the capacity of domestic departures to 10 million passengers per annum. The new terminal has a modern 4 level in-line baggage handling system to eliminate baggage X-ray prior to check in, spacious security hold area with extensive F&B and retail facilities, special contact zone for passengers with special needs and baggage handling area on a separate level allowing greater space for passenger amenities. DIAL is also constructing an integrated passenger terminal (Terminal 3). The first phase of the airport is designed to handle 60 million passengers per annum (mppa). This phase will be completed by 31st March 2010 and will...
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...TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE IN BRAZIL AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF DEVELOPMENT FAILURE 5335 Wisconsin Ave NW Suite 440 Washington, DC 20015 tel 202.274.1830 fax 202.274.1831 James Gregoire Copyright © February 2011 www.nexusinfrastructure.com Transport Infrastructure In Brazil and the Consequences of Development Failure CONTENTS ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................................................................1 I. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................1 A. Airports ................................................................................................................................................4 B. Roadways .............................................................................................................................................5 C. Rail ..........................................................................................................................................................7 D. Ports ......................................................................................................................................................8 E. Summary .............................................................................................................................................9 III. SPECIAL FACTORS ..................................
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...ABSTRACT 3 KEYWORDS 3 INTRODUCTION 4 OVERVIEW OF AVIATION PRIVATIZATION IN EUROPE, AFRICAN AND ASIAN COUNTRIES 5 Argentina – Its pitfall and the problems behind it 5 Turkey – A Privatization through BOT 7 Kenya Airways – A Successful Story 9 Malaysian Airlines Considering Privatization 10 Germany-Fully privatized and partially privatized 12 Privatization in United Kingdom 14 IMPLICATION OF PRIVATIZATION 16 RECOMMENDATIONS 17 REFERENCES 18 ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the privatization of airports in six different countries which are Argentina, Turkey, Germany, United Kingdom, Malaysia and Kenya. The analysis aims to highlight the objectives, implementation and the government rules towards privatization of airports. This paper also aims to identify to what degree privatization contributes to or enhances the performance of the airports. The study measures the change in any given indicator of performance whether the privatization on the airports are successful or not. For each country, privatization occurred by fully privatized or partially privatized with residual public ownership. Moreover, the study also stress on the implication of privatization towards the countries. One of the implication is it will reduce burden of the government to bear high expenses. Privatization programme also...
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...Project Finance Module NATIONAL STOCK EXCHANGE OF INDIA LIMITED Dtp-Sys-9\D:\F\2012\F-902-12-Project_Finance/F-902-12-Project_Finance.indd Test Details: Sr. No. Name of Module Fees (Rs.) Test Duration (in minutes) No. of Questions Maximum Marks Pass Marks (%) Certificate Validity 1 Financial Markets: A Beginners’ Module * 1686 120 60 100 50 5 2 Mutual Funds : A Beginners' Module 1686 120 60 100 50 5 3 Currency Derivatives: A Beginner’s Module 1686 120 60 100 50 5 4 Equity Derivatives: A Beginner’s Module 1686 120 60 100 50 5 5 1686 120 60 100 50 5 1686 120 60 100 50 5 7 Interest Rate Derivatives: A Beginner’s Module Commercial Banking in India: A Beginner’s Module Securities Market (Basic) Module 1686 120 60 100 60 5 8 Capital Market (Dealers) Module * 1686 105 60 100 50 5 9 Derivatives Market (Dealers) Module * 1686 120 60 100 60 3 1686 120 60 100 60 5 1686 120 60 100 60 5 12 FIMMDA-NSE Debt Market (Basic) Module Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management Module Fundamental Analysis Module 1686 120 60 100 60 5 13 Financial Markets (Advanced) Module 1686 120 60 100 60 5 14 Securities Markets (Advanced) Module 1686 120 60 100 ...
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...in the Mainland and Accelerate our success Grow and enhance our Hong Kong core businesses corporate citizen reputation Strengthen our Hong Kong internationally Sharing Our Annual Report 2012 Growth Sharing Our Growth We continue to grow and enhance our core businesses in Hong Kong, while at the same time accelerating our expansion in the Mainland of China and overseas through sharing our expertise in developing sustainable communities based on rail transport. In support of these goals, we are strengthening our Hong Kong corporate citizen reputation by listening and responding to the voices of Hong Kong people. In our Annual Report, we share our progress with stakeholders, and outline our plans for the future. Contents 02 04 06 08 12 23 24 26 40 46 58 66 72 78 84 86 88 MTR Corporation in Numbers – 2012 Hong Kong Operating Network with Future Extensions MTR Corporation at a Glance Chairman’s Letter CEO’s Review of Operations and Outlook Key Figures Key Events in 2012 Executive Management’s Report – Hong Kong Transport Operations – Hong Kong Station Commercial Business – Hong Kong Property and Other Businesses – Hong Kong Network Expansion – Mainland and Overseas Growth – Human Resources Financial Review Ten-Year Statistics Investor Relations Risk Management 89 90 94 112 116 124 125 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 240 Sustainability Corporate Responsibility Corporate Governance Report Remuneration Report Board and Executive Directorate...
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...2012 Zurich-Noch Airport Case study Team Name: Sparta Submitted by: Aman Jhalani Anshul Choubey Mayank Tyagi Date of Submission: 1 March’12 INTRODUCTION The case here deals with improving the business performance of a Swiss based airport Zurich-Noch, which lies outside the Euro Zone. The airport began as a flying club in 1930s and then extending its service to provide schedules within central Europe. By 1989 the airport was handling 500,000 passengers per year. It is forecast to increase to 3.5 million for both incoming and outgoing passengers in the current financial year to 30 June 2011. The airport mainly serves holiday makers flying to destinations within Europe and only 5% of the passengers who use the airport are business travellers. The company is not listed in the stock exchange and is a joint venture of a group of four local governments known as LSGs which are divided into four geographical zones. The board of directors proposed a development plan in 2009 and aimed at gradual and phased development of airport company. Assumption Used in Analysis: The airport is assumed to be unaffected by the Euro Zone crisis which is currently prevailing in Europe and may well be extended to 2 or 3 years more down the line. The maximum airlines with which the airport deals are assumed to be affected by the Euro zone crisis. Positive inflation is assumed so the factors of cost are expected to increase subsequently. The strategic development...
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...trying every possible way to have a better delivery of the complex infrastructure project through different financing scheme available. Almost all countries across the globe choose traditional project financing for their infrastructure projects, but for Muslim countries like the Middle East, Islamic finance has been the source of funding for them (Adeel and Bashir, 2015). There are various types of Islamic financial instruments in the market, but only several types of it might be suitable for infrastructure investment such as Murabahah, Istisna, Ijarah, Mudharabah, Musyarakah, Sukuk and Kafalah (Ayomi, Eric, Bambang and Fiona, 2015). Muslim scholars, however, concur that the Istisna’ is the most appropriate shariah-compliant contract agreement to be used in infrastructure investment (Muhammad Al-Amine, 2001; Muhammad Rawwas Qal’ahji, 2006; Parker, 2006). This is because, it deals with a transaction of future commodities. The ultimate goal of which is the translation of Islamic values into an economic field. Therefore, by emphasizing the need for transactions to be supported by genuine trade or business related activities, Istisna’ contract sets a higher standard for investments and promotes greater accountability and risk mitigation compared to the traditional financing scheme. The Islamic financing instrument called Istisna’ is expected to offer the complex infrastructure projects, a better financial management (Amila, Mahadi, Abdullahi and Faris, 2014). 1...
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...Denver International Airport Project Communication Plan Prepared by: Date: 6/15/12 Version: Master Plan Document Purpose Communication is a critical component in project delivery. It must be delivered in a timely and effective manner to all project stakeholders in order to meet objectives and achieve project goals. This document will detail the execution of all communication regarding the Denver Airport Project. This includes, but is not limited to, communication to and from executives, managers, and the project team. It will also discuss the means and frequency by which communication will be delivered. Overview The Denver International Airport project consists of designing and constructing a new airport, based upon a “Home-on-the-Range” design. The City of Denver requires a wide open entry point for visitors. The airport is to maintain a distinctive look that will be easily identified by travelers. This design must meet specifications provided by the City of Denver. The new airport should allow for more traffic in and out of the airport, while also becoming less congested. Improvements to runways will lead to a more efficient operation of the regional airspace, significantly reducing aircraft delays and airline operating costs. The new airport will also result in reduced noise impact, as it is being built on a relatively large site in an unpopulated area. The overall layout will be more efficient in reducing passenger walking distance, while also having...
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...07/03/2014 Construction Industry Analysis Stefano di Fabio Christopher Anderson Daniel Mujica GEOGRAPHIC AREA: Cooley Group assigned us to research the Latin American market and find business opportunities for their roofing products in this specific region. Therefore, we began our study by analyzing all 20 countries in Latin America. At first, we narrowed our selection by evaluating political risks. Due to recent political turmoil in Venezuela and Argentina, we decided to eliminate these nations from our selection. At the same time, countries with high economic-trade dependency with either Venezuela or Argentina were removed from our consideration set. These nations were Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia. After we identified the countries with the highest political risk, we conducted a macro economic analysis of the remaining nations. By doing this, we were able to estimate future economic performance between the selected countries and narrow the constricted consideration set. Moreover, the economic indicators used for this analysis were the following: foreign direct investment (helps predict investors’ confidence level), manufacturing export (positively correlated with commercial construction), Real GDP growth (overall representation of an economic growth), GDP per capita using purchasing power parity (representative indicator of consumer purchasing power), currency fluctuation (significant...
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...Bargaining power of suppliers The airline suppliers are mainly aircraft manufacturers, labour, fuel companies and there isn’t a lot of cutthroat competition among suppliers. Also, the likelihood of a supplier integrating vertical is rare. They have high bargaining power, since there is limited number of suppliers; companies have to use fuel and there is no substitute currently. Also, airlines will choose a trustworthy supplier, which means the scope of suppliers will be narrowed down to fewer choices. There are only 2 producers Boeing and Airbus- Market for production of planes is a duopoly therefore the bargaining power of suppliers is very high. This means that these companies have been charging very high prices for their planes to all airline companies. Being and Airbus can obtain raw materials and components from competitive supplier markets. However, most parts suppliers do more business selling replacement parts to airlines than selling original equipment to Boeing and Airbus, so the airframe makers do not have an iron grip on their suppliers. When the airline industry does well and orders more planes from Airbus and Boeing, parts suppliers can negotiate more favourable supplier contracts for themselves. All airlines employ various subcontractors around the world to complete parts of production which will be finally assembled at their assembly plants. But the usage of rare resources such as carbon-fibre and requirement for specialized facilities for production has shifted...
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