...Companies today are combining in record numbers. Executives pursue mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures as a means to create value by (1) acquiring technologies, products, and market access, (2) creating economies of scale, and (3) establishing global brand presence. There is an underlying belief that most markets can provide revenues to three large suppliers; when more than three exist the urge to merge is irresistible. That said, the business world seems littered with integrated companies that have lost value for shareholders. The question that inevitably arises is: "What forces are powerful enough to counteract the value-creating energy of economies of scale or global market presence?" Culture has emerged as one of the dominant barriers to effective integrations. In one study, culture was found to be the cause of 30 percent of failed integrations.1 Companies with different cultures find it difficult, if not often impossible, to make decisions quickly and correctly or to operate effectively. What is "culture"? Culture consists of the long-standing, largely implicit shared values, beliefs, and assumptions that influence behavior, attitudes, and meaning in a company (or society). This definition has several important implications: Culture is implicit. People who share in a culture find their culture challenging to recognize. The most insightful cultural observers often are outsiders, because cultural givens are not implicit to them. Culture influences how people behave...
Words: 1298 - Pages: 6
...Developmental psychology is the study of how and why humans change over the course of their lives. It studies the changes in human growth during their lifetime. Developmental psychology has significantly changed with many theorists who influenced it greatly since the early 1900s. Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, social, perceptual, personal, and emotional growth. Jean Piaget studied cognitive development. Piaget focused on how a child developed and how cognitive development was a process which takes place as a result of biological maturation and interaction with the environment. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory includes four stages, the Sensorimotor Stage, the Preoperational Stage, the Concrete Stage, and the...
Words: 516 - Pages: 3
...Jeg fandt det her i mine notater: A Ride on the NY subway Vivian Gornick: + See below surface. From Bronx Lives in NY Story could be about Vivian herself. Observations from main person: + filthy subway, subway is like a robot monster – people = prisoners Problems: Narrator vs. The Others White jewish vs. the blacks Middleclass vs. workingclass Observing vs. passive/alienated Feels as a stranger in the subway vs. accepting The ride is a development for the narrator. Tunnel: Transformation – at the end she’ll see the light Subconscious – underbevidsthed New journalisme or Narrative Journalism: Began in 1960’s by American journalists. Combines journalism (facts, research and relevance) and literature (identification, excitement and presence). = New type of communication (from writer to reader). NJ can facilitate knowledge and messages different from other genres. It’s not passing on abstract knowledge and messages, but a concrete style concrete people and concrete situations. The writer is the main character in his own article and describes the scenario as if it was a short story. He wants to give the reader information and an experience. This genre is criticized in Denmark, because journalists see it as a showdown between NJ and ordinary neutral journalism. A NJ article is: 1) Dramatically composition as in fiction. (NEEDS EXAMPLE!) 2) Characters get to express a subjective point of view. The description of people is allowed to fill...
Words: 615 - Pages: 3
...towards the end of the second year, a qualitatively new kind of psychological functioning occurs.[6] (Pre)Operatory Thought is any procedure for mentally acting on objects. The hallmark of the preoperational stage is sparse and logically inadequate mental operations. During this stage, the child learns to use and to represent objects by images, words, and drawings.The child is able to form stable concepts as well as mental reasoning and magical beliefs. The child however is still not able to perform operations; tasks that the child can do mentally rather than physically. Thinking is still egocentric. The child has difficulty taking the viewpoint of others. Two substages can be formed from preoperative thought. Years 2-7. Concrete operational stage The concrete operational stage is the third of four stages of cognitive development in Piaget's theory. This stage, which follows...
Words: 1821 - Pages: 8
...work) through interactions with the environment. It is able to differentiate between itself and other objects. Learning takes place via assimilation (the organization of information and absorbing it into existing schema) and accommodation (when an object cannot be assimilated and the schemata have to be modified to include the object. * Preoperational stage (ages 2 to 4). The child is not yet able to conceptualize abstractly and needs concrete physical situations. Objects are classified in simple ways, especially by important features. * Concrete operations (ages 7 to 11). As physical experience accumulates, accommodation is increased. The child begins to think abstractly and conceptualize, creating logical structures that explain his or her physical experiences. * Formal operations (beginning at ages 11 to 15). Cognition reaches its final form. By this stage, the person no longer requires concrete objects to make rational judgments. He or she is capable of deductive and hypothetical reasoning. His or her ability for abstract thinking is very similar to an adult. B. Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development Stage | Age Range | Erogenous zone | Consequences of Psychologic Fixation | Oral | Birth–1 year | Mouth | Orally aggressive: chewing gum Orally Passive: smoking, eating, kissing, oral sexual practices Oral stage fixation might result in a passive, gullible, immature, manipulative personality.--------------------------- | Anal | 1–3 years | Bowel and bladder...
Words: 1034 - Pages: 5
...world we live in through their motor abilities. Next stage is preopertational and the typical age range is 2 years to about 6 or 7 years this stage is when children are able to represent things with words and images, using intuitive rather than logical reasoning. One of the developmental phenomenon is egocentrism this refers to their inability to see a situation from another point of view. Piaget felt that an egocentric child feels that everyone around them not only see what they do but feel and hear as well. Concrete operational is the stage when thinking logically, grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations. The typical age for this stage is about 7 years to 11 years old. Conservation is one of the developmental phenomenon. Last stage of the different stages of human development is formal operational this stage age ranges from about 12 years through adulthood. This is when an individual uses abstract reasoning. Potential for mature moral and reasoning is one of the developmental phenomenon. Erikson's...
Words: 949 - Pages: 4
...factors using elimination and statistical techniques. According to Cattell, there is a continuum of personality traits. In other words, each person contains all of these 16 traits to a certain degree, but they might be high in some traits and low in others. The following personality trait list describes some of the descriptive terms used for each of the 16 personality dimensions described by Cattell. 1.Warmth: Outgoing vs reserved 2.Reasoning: Abstract vs concrete 3.Emotional Stability: Calm vs high strung 4.Dominance: Forceful vs submissive 5. Liveliness: Spontaneous vs restrained 6.Rule Consciousness: Conforming vs non-conforming 7.Social Boldness: Uninhibited vs shy 8.Sensitivity: Tender-hearted vs tough-minded 9.Vigilance: Suspicious vs trusting 10. Abstractedness: Imaginative vs practical 11.Privateness: Discreet vs open 12.Apprehension: Worried vs confident 13.Openness to Change: Flexible vs attached to the familiar 14. Self-Reliance: Self-sufficient vs dependent 15. Perfectionism: Controlled vs undisciplined .16.Tension: Impatient vs relaxed Cattell also developed an assessment based on these 16 personality factors. The test is known as the 16 PF Personality Questionnaire and is still frequently used today, especially in business for employee testing and selection, career counseling and marital counseling. The test is composed of forced-choice questions in which the respondent must choose one of three different alternatives. Personality traits are...
Words: 1757 - Pages: 8
...------------------------------------------------- Midterm Review PT-16 Studyguide 1. ABC approach: A= antecedent, B=behavior, C=consequence * Preventative approaches * Attempts to alter antecedents * Seeks to understand the purpose of function of the behavior * Behavior is presumed to have some reinforcing function 2. Acquired disorders: due to an injury. 3. Akathesia: A syndrome characterized by an inability to remain seated, with motor restlessness and a feeling of muscular quivering; may appear as a side effect of antipsychotic and neuroleptic medication. 4. Asymmetric tonic neck reflex (ATNR): A primitive reflex, also called fencer’s response, found in infants, usually is no longer evident by 3 months of age. When neck is turned in one direction, the arm shoots out on the same side and flexes on the opposite side; similar changes occur in the legs. 5. Athetoid diplegia: A form of cerebral palsy primarily seen where there is no muscle control in which the legs are more affected than the arms. 6. Athetoid hemiplegia: A form of cerebral palsy which is a form of dyskinetic cerebral palsy associated with athetosis (constant random, writhing involuntary movements of the limbs. One side of the body is more affected than the other; usually, the arm is more affected than the leg. Because the motor neurons that control one side of the body are located in the opposite cerebral cortex, a right-side hemiplegia implies damage to or dysfunction of...
Words: 2892 - Pages: 12
...* Lifespan development is the field tha examine pattern of growth, change, and stability in behavior. (womb to tomb) * Major topical Areas (Physical Dev., Cognitive Dev., Personality Dev., Social Dev.) * Physical- Body and the brain. * Cognitive- Growth and behavior * Personality- Stability and change * Social- interaction and relationships grow * Cultural factors and developmental diversity * Broad factors * Orientation toward individualism or collectivism * Finer differences * Ethnicity * Race * Socioeconomic Race * Gender * Korosol increase stress * Cohort- group of people born at around the same time in the same place * Age graded influences- similar at particular age group * Sociocultural graded influences- social and cultural factors present at a particular time. * Modafin * Critical period- environmental stimuli are necessary for dev. * Sensitive Period- Certain kind of stimuli in environment. * Development is constructed thru biological, sociocultural, and individual factors working together. * Development is lifelong * Early adulthood is not the endpoint of development * No age perios dominates * Development is Multidimensional * Consist of biological, cognitive, and socioemotional dimensions * Multiple components within each dimension * Health and Well-Being * Parenting and Education ...
Words: 945 - Pages: 4
...Chapter 1 Developing Self-Awareness True/False Questions Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 1. Self-awareness is at the foundation of personal life management skills. True (page 58, easy, recall) If false, why? The Enigma of Self-Awareness 2. Empirical evidence indicates that people who are more self-aware are healthier, perform better in leadership roles, and are more productive at work. True (page 59, easy, recall) If false, why? 3. The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which individuals welcome information about themselves from their co-workers. False (page 59, moderate, recall) If false, why? The concept of sensitive line refers to the point at which people become defensive or protective of information about themselves 4. Marvin consistently finds fault with Alicia’s competence as a manager. Because Alicia has been told she is doing a good job and therefore responds in a threat rigid way. Thus, her most likely response will be to defend herself in light of Marvin’s accusations. True (page 60, moderate, understanding) If false, why? 5. Self-awareness can be managed by exercising minimal control over when and what kind of information one receives about oneself and by not involving others in the pursuit of self-understanding. False (page 60, moderate, understanding) If false, why? It requires more than minimal control. Understanding and Appreciating...
Words: 7832 - Pages: 32
...Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Cheryl M. Todd PSY7220 Capella University Abstract This comprehensive case analysis will follow Gwen Cohen-Green through the following three stages of development: early childhood, middle childhood, and early adolescence. Within each of the three stages I will identify Gwen’s social and emotional development, theories pertaining to her development, validation, and predominate factors. A complete analysis and synthesis will support the findings, and recommendations will be given to support her. Table of Contents Introduction Case Study: Early Childhood Case Study: Middle Childhood Cased Study: Early Adolescence Analysis and Synthesis Recommendations Conclusion References 1 1-5 5-10 10-15 15-16 16-17 17 18-20 Comprehensive Analysis Case Study Introduction This study will identify the child I have chosen for my case study project and follow her through each of the following stages: early childhood, middle childhood and early adolescence. Secondly, the study will include an analysis and synthesis of developmental domains and of environmental and influential factors and finally, the study will make recommendations for optimal development. Early Childhood: Case Study Gwen Cohen-Green is an only child that lives with both her mom and dad in a suburban setting. Mom and dad both work long hours with mom being the primary parent to attend conferences as well as being the disciplinarian. Gwen’s parents are...
Words: 5451 - Pages: 22
...Essential Features of Effective Communication 1. Listening is the No. 1 Rule Contrary to what some seem to believe, the most important aspect of effective communication isn’t talking, it’s listening. A great amount of miscommunication could be avoided if business owners took the time to communicate effectively, first by listening to the needs of their clients and prospects. Remember, your clients may not need you, but you definitely need your clients or you’re going to be out of business. 2. Clarity is Key What may be second nature to you may seem like a foreign concept to some people. When in doubt, leave out the jargon. However, if a client shows interest in understanding the small details, offer the acronym after you’ve explained what it means. The goal here is to be sure your clients understand what you’re specifically discussing. 3. A Message with Confidence Confidence is an essential role in being able to come across as a master of effective communication. If you demonstrate that you aren’t confident in your abilities, people will instinctively think that you lack experience and are bluffing your way. This may result in: A) the client tries to talk you down from your initial quote; B) the client doesn’t hire you at all; C) the client hires you at your original rate but isn’t confident that you can complete the task to his expectations. 4. When You Can’t See Eye-to-Eye It happens - your personality sometimes clashes with...
Words: 1688 - Pages: 7
...Concrete vs. Hurricane Abstract There are many ways to manipulate concrete to increase its durability and resistance to high winds as such in a hurricane. This paper goes over the numerous types of additives to concrete as well as a little bit of the history of “ hurricane proofing “ structures. Reinforced concrete seems to be the best defense against hurricanes so far. The National Hurricane Center in south Florida was built specifically for withstanding hurricanes. This facility cost over five million dollars and contains 3,000 cubic yards of concrete. The structure was built to withstand 130-mph winds and can take a direct hit by a 250-pound projectile at 60-mph. The building is surrounded by a 10-inch thick concrete shell and is elevated 5 feet above the flood plain. Removable storm panels and roll down shutters protect the buildings openings. There are many other examples of building built to withstand hurricanes but this paper is more focused on the concrete and the concrete reinforcements used in those buildings. Monolithic Domes are becoming popular in the concrete construction industry. These type buildings use half as much concrete and steel as traditional buildings and are resistant against fire, rot, and insects. FEMA describes this construction as “near-absolute protection” against wind speeds up to 250-mph. There is a monolithic dome gymnasium built in Italy, Texas, an area that is prone to high winds. This building is 17,000 SF Diameter...
Words: 997 - Pages: 4
...moral development will be described. Finally, based on a child this author has known, the description of this child has progressed from rolling over, sitting, standing and walking. This is also known as the four developmental milestones. Jean Piaget’s Stage Theory of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget is a psychologist who “identified stages of mental development, called Schema, and established the fields of cognitive theory and developmental psychology” (McLeod, 2009). Schema is defined as “a cohesive, repeatable action sequence possessing component actions that are tightly interconnected and governed by a core meaning” (McLeod, 2009). According to Piaget, the four stages of cognitive development are: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations and formal operations (Gerrig, 2013, p....
Words: 1775 - Pages: 8
...Barack Obama Barack Obama was born on August 4, 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii. He was born to a bi-racial couple. His father was an immigrant from Kenya. His mother was from Kansas. When he was two years old, his parents separated later divorcing. His father remarried and relocated the family to Jakarta, Indonesia. His mother had some concerns for his safety and education, so at the age of 10, Barak was sent to live with grandparents in Hawaii. Barack Obama grew up in a middle-class upbringing with a strong sense of family and the value of education. Through his adolescence, he struggled with the absence of his father. He was uncertain personal and racial identity. His father’s failed aspirations and absence became a cautionary tale of life for him. Obama has been quoted saying “Every man is either trying to live up to his father’s expectations or making up his mistakes.” Excelling in school and basketball, he graduated High school from Pun haw academy in 1979 with honors. He then went on to attend Columbia University. He graduated with a degree in political science. In 1988, he attended Harvard Law School. While at Harvard, he met his wife, Michelle. They settled down in Chicago, where Obama practiced as a civil rights lawyer. This is where he began his political career. He began a helping as an organized for registration drive during Bill Clinton’s presidential campaign. In, 2000, Obama made an unsuccessful Democratic primary run for the U.S. House of Representatives...
Words: 1432 - Pages: 6
