...BRIEF REPORTS Greater Risk of Dementia When Spouse Has Dementia? The Cache County Study [See editorial comments by Dr. Peter P. Vitaliano, pp 976–978] Maria C. Norton, PhD,abc Ken R. Smith, PhD,de Truls Østbye, MD, PhD,fgh JoAnn T. Tschanz, PhD,bc Chris Corcoran, ScD,ci Sarah Schwartz, MS,ci Kathleen W. Piercy, PhD,ac Peter V. Rabins, MD, MPH,j David C. Steffens, MD,k Ingmar Skoog, MD, PhD,l John C. S. Breitner, MD, MPH,mn Kathleen A. Welsh-Bohmer, PhD,g for the Cache County Investigators OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of caring for a spouse with dementia on the caregiver’s risk for incident dementia. DESIGN: Population-based study of incident dementia in spouses of persons with dementia. SETTING: Rural county in northern Utah. PARTICIPANTS: Two thousand four hundred forty-two subjects (1,221 married couples) aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Incident dementia was diagnosed in 255 subjects, with onset defined as age when subject met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised, criteria for dementia. Cox proportional hazards regression tested the effect of time-dependent exposure to dementia in one’s spouse, adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: A subject whose spouse experienced incident dementia onset had a six times greater risk for incident dementia as subjects whose spouses were dementia free (hazard rate ratio (HRR) 5 6.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5 2.2–16.2, Po.001). In sex-specific analyses, husbands had higher risks ...
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... HUMA 1110 A Thursday March 17, 2016 Colangelo 2 It is accurate to suggest that gender inequality is an ever present problem in today's society. But in taking a deeper look at the substantial issue, is one of its main sources of instigation from religion? There is imbalance in the way in which men and women are treated and respected in the Bible. And despite the blatancy of this concern, studies conducted on the disparity in religion, culture, and gender are still relatively new. In Mallory Nye's Religion: The Basics, Darlene Juschka comments, "it is evident that some fields of study are less receptive to feminist perspectives...The study of religion has been one of those disciplines." There is a lack of recognition and awareness for the issue, mostly due to androcentrism. Although this will be discussed in further detail later on, it is important to understand this concept as a point of reference. Androcentrism denotes that the male perspective is held at the central point of one's world view and therefore holds great weight for why the female perspective has not been properly acknowledged. But the Bible is not the only source of gender prejudice. Greek mythology encompasses similar distinctions in sexual orientation and their respective male and...
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...is to critically synthesize the existing literature on family involvement in residential long-term care. Studies that examined family involvement in various long-term care venues were identified through extensive searches of the literature. Future research and practice must consider the complexity of family structure, adopt longitudinal designs, provide direct empirical links between family involvement and resident outcomes, and offer rigorous evaluation of interventions in order to refine the literature. NIH-PA Author Manuscript Keywords Family Involvement; Nursing Homes; Assisted Living Facilities; Family Care Homes; Family Caregiving; Informal Care NIH-PA Author Manuscript Over the past several decades, various research studies have demonstrated that family members remain involved in the lives of their loved ones following placement in residential long-term care facilities (e.g., Bowers, 1988; Maas et al., 2000; Rowles & High, 1996; Smith & Bengston, 1979; York & Calsyn, 1977; Zarit & Whitlatch, 1992, to name a few). These collective findings have helped debunk the myth that families abandon their relatives in nursing homes or similar settings to die in isolation (Rowles, Concotelli, & High, 1996). Although the roles of families in residential long-term care have continued to receive attention in the literature, the findings are diverse as studies are often conducted from different perspectives and are dispersed across various disciplines. The...
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...This essay will demonstrate that it is not “always morally worse to kill than it is to let die”. It will be argued that passive euthanasia (i.e. letting someone die) is not morally wrong and that active euthanasia (i.e. accelerating their death) is no less moral. However, the many complications associated with the legalisation of active euthanasia (and euthanasia in general) must be identified and addressed. These identified complications may be eliminated with an appropriate regulatory regime. Assuming that identified complications can be overcome, and having established that it is not always morally worse to kill than to let die, it will be demonstrated that active euthanasia should not be banned. Morality, as defined by the Oxford Dictionary, is “principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour”1. Hinde states that the principles are influenced and changed by one’s society and culture but also “based in human nature”2. As morality is influenced by society, public opinion is important when it comes to controversial issues. Morality differs from place to place and evolves over time. To compound this diversity, changes in medical treatment, and discoveries which enhance medical knowledge evolves rapidly and what was not even conceivable in some cultures or at certain points in history are now commonly accepted. Developments in end of life care fall within this category. With our increased ability to prolong life, arguments can now be made...
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...how that too affects the arguments on both sides. There has been a long debate to legalize marijuana for many years. It now appears that many Americans are favoring legalizing Marijuana and this may have gotten a boost from accepted medical use in some states. Many states allow the use of medical marijuana for cancer patients, multiple sclerosis patients and as Dr. Sanjay Gupta who worked on a documentary called “Weed” for CNN stated the case for medical use of marijuana when he answered a viewer question on his change in opinion of medical use marijuana “Take neuropathy, a severe nerve pain that's often treated with narcotic pain relievers. Yet marijuana has proven to be effective, with few side effects. Every 19 minutes, someone in the United States dies from a prescription drug overdose, usually narcotics. I couldn't find one documented fatality from a marijuana overdose. Marijuana can also ease nausea from chemotherapy treatments, tremors, and epilepsy. Still, I'm very concerned about young people using pot recreationally; studies suggest that teenagers' regular marijuana use can lead to lower IQs.” (Gupta, 2013) Marijuana for medical use has had great support for many years and California is one state that allows it. Should the medical use of marijuana support the recreational use of marijuana? I think Dr. Gupta makes a strong argument against in his previous statement when he notes it brings down the...
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...Most cases are treated effectively with conservative treatment. Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections associated with the disease, NSAIDs are used relieve inflammation and control pain, and chlorhexidine is used to control intraoral bacteria and inflammation. Some patients will receive surgery to remove injured tissue and damaged bone, but as a very last resort to avoid worsening the condition. ONJ has serious effects on the patients that suffer from it, including both physical and psychological. Some patients with this disease can end up developing osteoarthritis from the severe damage to areas around the joints. Other patients may develop depression and issues with their altered facial appearance after removal of bone, teeth, and facial structures. (Osteonecrosis...
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...has exhausted all of her personal time off (PTO). With her steady income cut-off, she is concerned how she will pay her bills. She has no close family to turn to for support and does not qualify for government assistance. Her story is just one example. According to the United State Census, in 2010 single parent households comprised about 9.6 percent of the total U.S. household population. There are about 10.4 million single-mother families and 2.5 million single father families. About 5.7 million, or 8 percent of the total, live in a household that include a grandparent. Not to mention, the growing Baby Boom generation has created a sandwich generation who not only have the responsibility of raising their own children but being caregiver to their...
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...with his Grandmother. While living with his Grandmother, Dahmer took another victim Steven Touni. Dahmer killed altogether 17 male men mainly African American. In July 1991 Jeffrey was finally arrested and was sentenced to a total of fifteen life sentences. In 1994 Dahmer was murdered by fellow inmate Christopher Scarver. When discussing what may have driven Dahmer to behave in such a matter the following theories are examine; Weiss (1973) theory on loneliness, next was a theory on alcoholism described in Gifford (2009), and the last theory used is Erick Erickson’s identity development theory. A SERIAL KILLER CASE STUDY: JEFFREY DAHMER (1960-1994) Jeffrey Dahmer was born in the year of 1960, and was murdered by fellow inmate while incarcerated in 1994 (Jenkins, 2004). Dahmer was serving his time in jail for the manslaughter of seventeen men in America. This case study discusses some possible psychological theories to help interpret and grasp what caused Dahmer’s behaviour and actions. The theories used were Weiss (1973), on loneliness, alcoholism focusing on alcoholism as a habit rather than a disease, and Erick Erickson’s Identity...
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...again had climbed out of its hiding place and caused an outbreak in West Africa. A total of 2,000 deaths and thousands of cases documented by the end of 2014 that left all in panic. Feared gripped upon victim’s faces, and uncertainty tortured the minds of all on this planet including myself as a medical staff nurse. There had been more transmission between humans in the past four months than there had ever in the past 500 or more years concerning this deadly Ebola virus. As the infections transmitted and multiplied, it evolved so fast that any single mode vaccine could very well not contain it. As the body count tallies where up, it’s was beginning to appear like Ebola may be some kind of population reduction scheme as we all saw and the video portrayed. The people of Zaire where waiting outside of clinics, churches and in their homes for a treatment of this horrible disease, but there was no cure or vaccine at hand. Seeing this video and watching the news on TV made me feel helpless as a medical staff individual. Fear was upon us at hospitals, as we forced to watch people die on a daily basis thru the media, hoping that they would be saved from the violent death of the Ebola virus. Hospital nationwide where building isolation centers and procedures for cases appearing in the United States. Scientist and researchers had carried out numerous studies and investigations, but no one had been able to find the right explanations. Prevention of a worldwide outbreak was...
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...self-confidence. These are some feelings and personality arose from psychological inferiority. http://www.davidcox.com.mx/library/L/Lin,%20Timothy%20-%20Inferiority%20Complex.pdf The My life is always connected to these previous unpleasant experiences. The parental attitudes are also important in shaping my personality. Since I was My parents seldom praise me when I behave well or get good academic results. They tend to think that it is my responsibility to be a good child. Their attitude makes me never feel proud of my achievements even I was viewed as a good student by others. My mum disapprove me when my behavior didn’t meet their expectation. My mum scolded me and beat me. Because of this, I gradually develop stress about my study. Even when when I get older, my mum didn’t help me with my homework. I would care much about my marks and avoid from my classmates from knowing my results. Psychological inferiority is also casued by mental limitations. ause feelings of inferiority when unfavorable comparisons are made with...
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... 2. Understanding Older Patients “Tell me more about how you spend your days.” 6 3. Obtaining the Medical History “What brings you here today?” 13 4. Encouraging Wellness “I’d like you to try this exercise routine.” 19 5. Talking About Sensitive Subjects “Many people your age experience similar problems.” 23 6. Supporting Patients With Chronic Conditions “Let’s discuss living with . . .” 36 7. Breaking Bad News “I wish I had better news.” 40 8. Working With Diverse Older Patients “Cultural differences, not divides.” 44 9. Including Families and Caregivers “What would you like your family to know?” 48 10. Talking With Patients About Cognitive Problems “You mentioned having trouble with your memory.” 51 11. Keeping the Door Open “Effective Communication” 58 Publications At-a-Glance 60 Services At-a-Glance Tear-Off Card Foreword Good communication is an important part of the healing process. Studies find that effective physician-patient communication has specific benefits: patients are more likely to adhere to treatment and have better outcomes, they express greater satisfaction with their treatment, and they are less likely to bring malpractice suits. Research also shows that good communication is a teachable skill. Medical students who receive communication training improve dramatically, not only in communicating with patients, but also in assessing and building relationships with them. Time management skills also get better. Interpersonal and communication...
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...working with communities of street children, MSM (men who have sex with men), and trafficked women and girls. Many groups could not be visited due to time limitations. Non-governmental organisations (NGOs), university psychology departments, community-based organisations (CBOs), international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) and donor agencies, as well as independent research consultants and a theatre animator | | | were amongst the contacts met. Interviews were held | | | with those at management level, heads of organisations, | | | coordinators of child protection units, trainers, | | | programme officers, field workers, therapists and | | | counsellors. Wherever possible, counsellors, therapists | | | and caregivers working directly with children were | | | interviewed. | 1 | | | | | Objectives The objectives were to: * collect and compile information on organisations working on community-based approaches to combat CSA and to assess their level of psychosocial support, including their structures and mechanisms; and * map sexual...
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...Killers Kill Naomi R. Bowles Valley College Author’s Note Written for Psychology: taught by Isaac Hatley What Makes Serial Killers Kill Looking back through the years there have been many serial killers. There are many throughout the country and even many that have killed in West Virginia. Many psychologists have tried to study serial killers and answer why serial killers kill and also if serial killers suffer from some type of psychological disorder. Doing my research I find that this is a task that is very hard to do. It is difficult to determine possibly because many serial killers turn out to be the people who you would least likely suspect. In this paper I will take a look as to whether serial killers may suffer from psychopathy. I will also attempt to focus on one particular serial killer – Dennis Rader – BTK. Psychology Of A Killer Many psychologists believe that psychological disorders are the only reason for the killings while other psychologists believe that the reason is the environment that they are raised in and/or are currently in. Seeking help when a person is young, if sadistic or animal cruelty behavior is caught early by their caregiver, can reduce the factors of becoming a serial killer. There also may be factors with nature and nurture and how that may have affected them in the creation of a future serial killer. According to my research, the most successful serial killers are people who blend into society who possibly could be a neighbor or a trusted...
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...ENHANCING TAX REVENUES THROUGH SAME-SEX MARRIAGE INTRODUCTION Proponents of same-sex marriage have used arguments centered on equality, fairness, and microeconomic factors such as reducing taxes for couples who are married, pension inheritance, and Social Security benefits. Opponents of allowing same-sex couples to marry use religious, historical, and political arguments. There seems to be no common basis for one side to convince the other to change its collective mind. Opponents who use the argument that Judeo-Christian holy law declares homosexuality a sin and therefore encouraging sexual relations between people of the same sex by recognizing same-sex marriage is untenable. This argument, of course, requires belief that (1) the Judeo-Christian laws should be the basis for our federal laws, (2) they actually makes such a statement, and (3) that if they make such a statement that the proscription should be taken literally. If one doesn’t accept these assumptions, the argument isn’t compelling. Similarly, the argument that history is on the side opposing same-sex marriage presumes that there were no gay marriages historically and that what was appropriate in the past is also appropriate for the present. Proponents of same-sex marriage claim that the federal Constitution and other civil rights laws provide rights and protections for minorities equal to the rights and protections enjoyed by the majority, which are being denied to the homosexual minority. These...
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...The ChildTrauma Academy www.ChildTrauma.org EFFECTS OF TRAUMATIC EVENTS ON CHILDREN AN INTRODUCTION Traumatic Event Prolonged Alarm Reaction Altered Neural Systems BD Perry MD, PhD Bruce D. Perry, MD, Ph.D. This booklet is one in a series developed by the ChildTrauma Academy to assist parents, caregivers, teachers and various professionals working with maltreated and traumatized children. All Rights Reserved © 2003 Bruce D. Perry Effects of Trauma on Children: Perry 2 Introduction Each year in the United States approximately five million children experience some form of traumatic experience. More than two million of these are victims of physical and/or sexual abuse. Millions more are living in the terrorizing atmosphere of domestic violence. Natural disasters, car accidents, life-threatening medical conditions, painful procedures, exposure to community violence – all can have traumatic impact on the child. By the time a child reaches the age of eighteen, the probability that any child will have been touched directly by interpersonal or community violence is approximately one in four. Traumatic experiences can have a devastating impact on the child, altering their physical, emotional, cognitive and social development. In turn, the impact on the child has profound implications for their family, community and, ultimately, us all. Traumatic events in childhood increase risk for a host of social (e.g., teenage pregnancy, adolescent...
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