...University of Makati J.P. Rizal Extension, West Rembo, Makati City College of Allied Health Studies Center of Nursing CONTEMPORARY THEORIES OF LEADERSHIP There has been much research compiled that compares the differences of the classic theories of leadership and management versus contemporary style of leadership and management. Both styles have been found to have their unique advantages, depending on the type of organization the theories are being utilized in. In this paper, I will be discussing the key variables needed in a leadership theory to effectively lead and manage others. I will also examine major components of each theory, and how they compare to one another. Finally, I will examine which theory best fits my leadership qualities, and my ability to lead others in an organizational setting. SERVANT LEADERSHIP theory Servant leadership is a philosophy and set of practices that enriches the lives of individuals, builds better organizations and ultimately creates a more just and caring world. While servant leadership is a timeless concept, the phrase “servant leadership” was coined by Robert K. Greenleaf in The Servant as Leader, an essay that he first published in 1970. In that essay, Greenleaf said: “The servant-leader is servant first. It begins with the natural feeling that one wants to serve, to serve first. Then conscious choice brings one to aspire to lead. That person is sharply different from one who is leader first, perhaps because of...
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...Leadership Models Essay Abstract It is not possible to reflect every aspect of each theory, due to the complexities of the models and the wide-ranging opinions of scholars that have studied each concept over many years. However, the purpose of this paper is to discuss four leadership models that are not only interesting but will support growth to those aspiring to become scholars, practitioners and leaders in a particular field of study. These theories were selected to provide information and to offer a review of the characteristics and main points of significance of each theory. The following models will be examined: Transformational leadership, Transactional leadership, Situational leadership and Charismatic leadership. It is important to look at each model separately to understand and define the uniqueness of each of the theories. In addition, to providing definitions for each model, a brief summary will state general similarities. The summation will also indicate that each of the leadership theories is unique with a particular purpose and outcome. Leadership Models Essay Many leadership models have accumulated for as long as there have been leaders. To determine the characteristic associated with leadership styles and the relationship to the zeitgeist some theorists have defined leadership into attribute approaches and periods. “The scientific study of leadership can be roughly divided into three periods: the trait period from around...
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...Outcomes – Leadership • Discuss the trait theories of leadership • Explain the behavioral theories for understanding leadership • Describe Fiedler’s contingency model for leading • Outline the Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership theory • Describe the characteristics of the charismatic leader • Contrast the differences between transactional and transformational leaders • Gain a greater understanding of one’s own leadership style through self-assessment Leadership is the art and science of getting the job done through the willing efforts of others. The essence of leadership is to influence behavior. Overview We will be looking at the leadership phenomenon from four areas of theory and research. • Trait theory of leadership • Behavioral theories of leadership • Contingency model of leadership • Contemporary models of leadership Leadership can be explained by exploring these four different approaches. Trait Theory – Trait theory is based on an individual’s personal attributes as a leader. Trait theories seek to identify such traits such as personality, social, physical or intellectual traits that will identify leaders. Six traits have been identified as a requirement for leadership. They are: • energy, ambition, and drive • the desire to lead • honesty and integrity • self-confidence • intelligence – cognitive ability • job related knowledge Behavioral Theories – Behavioral...
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...within their ranks, to study the aspects behind leader development and leadership success is not only a wise decision but also a great responsibility. Is a leader born or can he/she be made? This paper analyzes formal contemporary studies of leader emergence and development to include personality traits, behaviors and situational factors which express leadership as both innate and formally adopted. Table of Contents Introduction 5-8 Overview 8-9 Distinctive Aspects 10-14 Trait Theory of Leadership 14-17 Situational Leadership Model 17-20 Implications 20-23 Summary and Conclusion 23-25 References 26-29 Introduction The meaning of “leadership” has been molded into numerous different meanings throughout history. Leaders have been depicted within an array of backgrounds to include prophets, kings, chiefs, idols, gods, government officials and inspirational individuals throughout the history. “The word leader dates back as early as the year 1300 but the word “leadership” did not appear until the first half of the nineteenth century” (Wren, 2008, p.50). The term “leadership” however, dates back as early as the Egyptians and Roman Greeks. “Throughout history, leadership has been defined by specific attributes that a leader is thought to have. There is not a right or wrong definition of leadership, but it is important to know the roots and history behind the term” (Coburn, 2008). Leadership is often defined as an intangible and usually difficult quality to...
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...Leadership and Ethics Institution Name Date Leadership and Ethics Summary Since Coca-Cola’s first soda fountain sales in 1886, it has been a driver of marketplace innovation. However, it has been coupled by various ethical issues especially the discrimination of employees. In the 1980s, the brand was reported to have had various instances of employee discrimination. It has been alleged that the minority employees work in an environment of racial discrimination. It is an endemic racism culture that runs through the organization’s management at its New York bottling plans. It has been reported that its employees suffer from the worst of its ills regarding biased work assignments and allotment hours, retaliation, unfair discipline as well as a caustic work environment. It is further alleged that Hispanic and black employees have been assigned to the most undesirable and physically dangerous positions, as well as tasks outside their job descriptions (Sen, Johnson, Bhattacharya & Wang, 2015). Moreover, there have been claims that advancement and promotion opportunities within the organization are routinely biased against the minority employees. Finally, truck drivers in the organization have their hours limited unfairly and have been prevented from working overtime. The company, on the other hand, has issued statements to refute such claims, and have gone further to say that it has investigated and will continue investigating all the discrimination allegations...
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...Leadership Style Faye D. Baker HCS/475 – Leadership and Performance Development December 16, 2013 Shawn Matheson, MBA, LNHA, FACHA Leadership Style Transformational leadership is particularly important in the health care industry in today’s modern world because of past reputations. Some time ago the health care industry went through negative change. The health care industry was known as uncaring and cold toward patients. Transformational leadership style is known as a new effective model which was greatly needed to implement change in every aspect of the health industry. This paper will provide further research information on how transformational leadership style implements new change to the health care industry effectively. Someone Who has a Successful Leadership Style A person who is responsible as transformational leader would be successful because the leadership transforms, inspires, and motivate followers. Transformational leadership emphasizes the importance of interpersonal relationships and how change can become effective within organizations and human services. Transformational leaders focus on desires, values, goal, and emerging motives ( Sullivan and Decker, 2009). This style of leadership goal is to generate employee’s commitment to the vision or ideal rather than themselves as a leader. A successful leader enhances morale, motivation and performance through a various mechanisms, this includes connecting the...
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...Leadership Theories and Styles IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009 Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory • Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926) Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937 • Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB – Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition • Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938) Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960) • Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion...
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...Leadership Theories and Styles IAAP 2009 Administrative Professionals Week Event April 28, 2009 Development of Leadership Theory Development of Leadership Theory • Until approximately 1930, there was not much academic interest in the area of leadership academic interest in the area of leadership • Fredrick Taylor –Scientific Management (time/motion Fredrick Taylor Scientific Management (time/motion studies of productivity) (late 1800’s) • Max Weber –(writing on bureaucracy) a leader possessed power by virtue of his position (1922) • Mary Parker Follett – participatory management in power with as opposed to power over (1926) “power with” as opposed to “power over” (1926) Luther Gulick Notes on Organization ‐‐ 1937 • Work of the Executive Work of the Executive • POSDCORB – Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Directing – Coordinating g – Reporting – Budgeting g g Leadership a new definition Leadership – a new definition • Chester Barnard – 1938 new definition of leadership The ability of a superior to influence the behavior of subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action. (Barnard 1938) Power French and Raven (1960) Power – French and Raven (1960) • Legitimate power – comes solely from the position the g p y p superior holds in an organization • Reward power – comes by means of promotion, salary increases and interesting assignments i di t ti i t • Expert power – comes from the leader possessing superior knowledge of the matter under discussion...
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...Leadership Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 2 Conclusion 9 References 10 Executive Summary The current study examines the current forms of corporate leadership in leading companies of UK. The study examines the various forms of leadership, theories and models . The study examines how corporate leadership is important for SME’s startups. The study highlights the models like transactional leadership and team leadership. The study discusses about the theories of leadership in terms of behavioral and situational theories. The current study has been explained with the real time examples of corporate like Rio Tinto and BHP Billiton. Introduction The characteristics and progress chart of the have been much desired and focal point of study for all the scholars and researchers. The policy decision making and purposeful action in the area of economic development and job creation will ensure the strong growth of SME in developing countries like India and China (Leitch et al., 2010). The strong role of leadership in the area of economic development is important for the sustainable growth of the SME. For the organization in the developing, it is important to build the strong leadership capacity, while at the same time they are creating effective environment for all their employees for their motivation and well being. The National Occupational Standards (NOS)...
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...Elizabeth A. Curtis, Jan de Vries, Fintan K. Sheerin This article provides an introduction to the issue of nursing leadership, addressing definitions and theories underpinning leadership, factors that enhance leadership in nursing, and the nature of leadership content taught in undergraduate programmes. Highlighted are differences between leadership and management, and the notion that leadership can be ‘learned’. The authors also point out that there is a discrepancy between how leading undergraduate nursing programmes prepare students primarily in the transition of education to practice, and the suggestion from a number of nursing publications that leadership in nurses should be fostered throughout their education. Key words: Nursing leadership n Management n Factors that enhance leadership n Undergraduate programmes he importance of effective leadership in health care has been emphasized by a number of authors (Dunham and Fisher, 1990; Hewison and Griffiths, 2004; Carney, 2006; Greenfield, 2007; Sutherland and Dodd, 2008), and nursing leadership is pivotal to this as nurses represent the largest discipline in health care (Oliver, 2006; Marquis and Huston, 2009; Roussel et al, 2009; Sullivan and Garland, 2010). Research on leadership has demonstrated a positive relationship with improved patient safety outcomes (Tregunno et al, 2009); healthy work environments (Shirey, 2009); job satisfaction (Heller et al, 2004; Sellgren ...
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...behavior concepts and theories is a useful knowledge base for career success and for improving an organization's effectiveness. | Key Concepts * Define organizational behavior and describe why is it important. * Analyze what organizations are like as work settings. B | Given the influence of factors such as values, attitudes, beliefs, feelings, and personality on individual behavior, demonstrate how knowledge of individual difference factors helps in understanding, predicting, and influencing individual behavior. Use a diagnostic instrument, such as the Life Styles Inventory (LSI) to assess your personal thinking and behavior styles and their role in accomplishing self-improvement goals. | Key Concepts * Describe the nature of managerial work. * List the individual differences and how they impact performance. * Define value differences among individuals. * Define emotions and attitudes. * Analyze job satisfaction and why it's important. * Describe personality types and how they differ. * Learn how to manage diversity and individual differences, and why this is important. The High Performance Organization Visionary Leadership | A Culture of Accountability | Affinity for Risk | Strategic Agility At the heart of the high performance organization (HPO) is people—in particular, leaders who model company values and create a culture that supports exceptional performance. Anyone who has experienced strong, effective leadership understands what...
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...QUESTIONS. How can leader or founder help create strong culture in an organisation? Can a leader eliminate culture? Explain. INTRODUCTION 1. BACKGROUND OF THE CULTURE IN ORGANISATIONAL 1.1 LEADER Leadership is a person whose can influence a person for accomplish their objective in organisation to make it more cohesive and coherent. As we know leadership try to influence a group or person to achieve their goal or target. (http://www.nwlink.com/~donc lark/leadcon. html) Always leader will create their own vision first. This vision must have the deep meaning and leaders must make the best vision as symbol to organisation. After that, they try to setting a goal to achieve their target and developing action plan as a strategy in their organisation. Lastly, a leader will monitoring action plan execution. The leader must follow up the follower doing what is required. As a leader they have six traits to make successful as a leader. That is a drive, desire to lead, integrity, self-confidence, intelligent, and job-relevant knowledge. (http://www.slides hare.net/nusabtara99/high-performing-leadership) 1.2 CULTURE Culture is refer to accumulation of knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, experiences, religion, relations, concepts of the universe, values, meaning, roles, notions of time, relations, material possessions and objects acquired and that institutions that characterise the population of nation. (http://language.ezinemark.com/culture-definitions-and-types-17b25a011fd.html) ...
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...Situational leadership created by Dr. Paul Hersey and author Ken Blanchard in 1969 by, “…combining a range of managerial styles to cater to different people within the same organization” (May, 2011). This style of leadership allows a company to use different types of leadership approaches while adjusting to the needs of employee working styles throughout the company. Types of Situational Leadership Styles According to Gupta (2009) there are four types of situational leadership styles: Directing, Coaching, Participating, and Delegating. • Directing – This style is very task driven where the employee is under constant supervision. This style is like, “…a parent dealing with a toddler child” (Gupta, 2009). • Coaching – In this style the employee is given tasks to complete along with details and decisions are made by the supervisor, but the supervisor wants to hear feedback and receive input from the employee. This style is like, “…a teacher for the followers” (Gupta, 2009) • Participating – In this style the employee taking on the decisions on how the task is to be completed with the leader helping with the higher level issues. The employee is not making the final decisions the leader is there to help and mentor the employee. This style is like, “…the leader acts as a sincere friend for the followers” (Gupta, 2009) • Delegating – Once the employee is given the details of the task the employee has complete control on how to complete the task. This style is like...
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...Team Assessment Instruments for Organization Leadership Lydia Ross Argosy University Solutions Leadership B7777 Module 7 Assignment 1 Introduction Solution Focused Learning (SFL) is being used by organizations to effectively lead the organization to accomplish new visions and to embrace the changes in the marketplace with confidence. Most organizations use some metrics in their learning environments to determine how well their workforce in handling the organizations new thrust and to determine the success of the organization in the new environment. Our organization has chosen several different measures to determine its success. We’ve looked at the current Motorola model of change and found many of its strategies would be very effective with our organization. One of the features of the Motorola model we’ve embraced is the Six Sigma leadership development as well as required training hours for executives annually. “Six Sigma is a highly disciplined process that helps us focus on developing and delivering near-perfect products and services”(GE, 2011) . Motorola is an excellent example of a corporation’s vision expanding reaching a larger audience. Initially Motorola vision was to have a training center for its employees. “Motorola’s approach to leadership development is the Motorola University. Originally called the Motorola Training and Education Center (MTEC), it was founded in 1980 with...
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...Sir Richard Branson, Chairman, Virgin Group, Ltd Case Study Sharon Dunbar Dr. Tressa Shavers BUS 520 March 1,2012 Overview – Virgin Group, Ltd. The Virgin Group, Ltd. is a British based venture capital organization founded by Richard Branson, incorporated in 1989. The focus of their business group is travel, entertainment, and lifestyle, and while actually incorporating as a venture capital group in the late 1980s, they had a number of activities in the 1970s. To date, Virgin has created more than 300 companies globally, employing over 50,000 people in 30 countries. In 2009, global revenues exceeded $18 billion US with a portfolio that continues to grow. The company believes in making a difference, and is quite particular about the manner in which they invest, or assist in marketing new ventures. Several things appear to ensure that anything that has a Virgin brand is successful: 1) the brand, 2) Richard Branson’s reputation; 3) empowering of talent; and 4) the management style engendered by Branson which flows down to almost every aspect of the organization. The company prides itself on sound, sustainable philosophies and posits the notion that there are six identifiers that characterize the company: • Lower the carbon footprint of all Virgin represented projects • The Gaia concept – one living world – use the planet’s resources responsibly • Equality...
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