...Contol Systems/Robotics Research Paper Home Heating System March 10, 2014 I. Introduction In our present world, the advancement of technologies is rapid. Technologies today are so important that it is now part of humanity. It is the desire of man to be more efficient that made technologies bloom as it is now. Many applications of technologies became wider as people grow much more intellectual by countless experimentation throughout the history of humanity. One of the said applications of technology can be seen in our very home, especially in controlling the temperature inside. This application can be seen in homes where temperatures can drop below 16 degrees Celsius. Homes that are located in tropical regions mostly do not have this application because temperatures are 16 degrees Celsius higher. Homes today are more sophisticated, with its advanced technology systems like security, automation, etc. that were not being integrated in homes for the past years. We may see that in the distant past, things like cooking, cleaning and etc. will all be done by technology and with little intervention by humans. A heating system is a system where the temperature inside our homes are being monitored and controlled based on the desired temperature given by a person. The system consists of a controller that allows a person to control and maintain temperature inside the house. The system also has an actuator which consists of servo motors for mechanical operations of the system. It...
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...ATLANTA HOME LOAN I. Devices that Al used to control his business Before he went back to school a. Result control: - Al paid each telemarketer a combination of an hourly wage plus a performance bonus ($10.00) for each lead produced. - Al paid the loan officers 40% of the total loan revenue on loans that AHL originated and 60% on loans they originated. b. Action controls: - Al bought leads from list brokers, then telemarketers called people on the lists to assess their interest in refinancing, gave Al the potential clients’ names to Al, Al then distributed the names to AHL’s loan officers. - Al monitored the activities of his loan officers by tracking the number of credit inquiries each requested. - Al also monitored the loan application/lead ratios and their trends. c. Personnel/ cultural controls: - Al hired four (4) telemarketers and eight (8) loan officers to work for his firm. - Al decided that all the employees would work from their homes due to heavy traffic of Atlanta. After he went back to school: a. Result control: - Al agreed to pay Joe 100% of the fees earned on loans that Joe closed to end their partnership. - Al made commission payments to Wilbur at 100% on all loans closed less than a monthly licensing fee of $5,000 or 10% of all revenue, whichever was greater. b. Action controls: - Al tracked the employee head count, the number of leads produced, credit inquiries requested, loan application funded, office expenses, and bank activity...
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...Introduction Management control system (MCS), as a vital part of an organization, which purpose allows organizations to ensure that their activities achieve the objects they desire. The process of designing and improving MCSs requires addressing three basic questions. What is desired? What is likely to occur? And What is the effect of contextual factors ?Then managers must address each of these questions. What controls should be used? In recent years, contingency-based research has maintained its popularity with studies including these variables but redefining them in contemporary terms. This paper provides a critical review of findings from contingency-based studies over the past 20 years, deriving a series of propositions relating MCS to organizational context. The paper examines issues related to the purpose of MCS, the elements of MCS, the meaning and measurement of contextual variables, and issues concerning theory development (Robert H. Chenhall 2003). on the effect of contextual variables on the design of Management Control System (MCS). It is tests the effect of each contextual variable on the relationship between MCS design and performance by using survey instruments. It is demonstrates that contextual variables contribute to the design of MCS. The following sections describe how to address each of these questions. What it is the organization Objectives and, more importantly, strategies that are derived from a good understanding of the organization’s objectives...
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...ABSTRACT The objective of the controls laboratory is to use multiple methods to characterize parameters of a DC motor and compare these experimental methods to theory. By determining system parameters accurately, closed loop control can be used to optimize systems not only involving DC motors but essentially any mechanical system. Gains for several controllers were calculated and the effect of adding mass to the flywheel of the motor was investigated. Initially, the dead-zone and saturation voltages were obtained for the motor, to define the operating range. To determine system parameters (namely the time constant Tm and motor gain Km) two methods were investigated: step voltage response and frequency response. Using the step response, the steady-state speed of the DC motor was recorded for incremented input voltages and plotted. The slope of the linear regression of this plot is an estimation of the motor gain. The plot can be found at the end of this abstract. Additionally, for each input voltage a characteristic speed was determined by taking the product of the steady-state speed ωss and (1-e-1). Since the time constant is defined as the time taken for the exponent to be negative one (i.e. e-1), the characteristic speed occurs at the time constant. The time constant was obtained for each input voltage and averaged. To determine these parameters using frequency response, the input voltage was incremented over a range of frequencies. For each input frequency, the amplitude...
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...ATG 383 … Accounting Systems and Control … Potential Examination 2 Essay Questions and Problems 1. What is the purpose of accounting? To provide information useful for decision-making 2. List each of the five components of the COSO internal control framework. Control environment – tone at the top Risk assessment – threats do we face Information and communication – speaking & writing effectively Monitoring - feedback Control activities – how to deal with the risk (IT & physical controls) 3. [Work an EOQ problem.] EOG= economic order quantity: goal= is to minimize total cost of inventory (by minimizing order costs + carrying costs) • order costs: # of times to place an order • carrying costs: how much does it cost to hold inventory for one year? Q =((2DS/H) D: annual demand (units) S: “fixed” cost to place order (per-unit order cost) H: carry cost per unit per year 4. [Work a reorder point problem.] ROP= reorder point = when to order (when we get down to x units left in inventory, reorder) ROP= I x d I = lead time in days (the time between placing an order for inventory and its arrival) d = daily demand (total demand/number of working days) 5. Draw, name, and describe the purpose/use of five different symbols (shapes) often used in the system flowchart. 6. What is a _____ ? Who creates it? What specific purpose(s) does it serve? How is it used in transaction processing? a....
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...Dalman and Lei can utilize the Bureaucratic Control Systems four steps; setting performance standards, measuring performance, comparing performance against the standards and determining deviations, and taking action to correct problems and reinforce successes to correct the deficiency in their employee handbook. Setting performance standards. Setting performance standards will be the backbone of Dalman and Lei’s control process. Dalman and Lei need to understand that if they do not take the time to create will defined standards then there newly born business will never be able to mature. Employees who do not have standards or “rules to live by” tend to lack the motivation to continually do the right thing and may cut corners on procedures and or bend policy. This can become toxic to an organization. On the contrary, according to Bateman & Snell (2013) “employees tend to be motivated by specific, measurable performance standards that are challenging and aim for improvement over past performance” (p.328). Employees who are given well defined standards will perform better than those who do not have well defined standards. Dalman and Lei owe a well-defined playbook to their team, especially their managers. I recommend Dalman and Lei take the time to research current issues that are not defined currently defined in their handbook with their managers and employees. Including employees in this process will help create buy in at all levels. Additionally I recommend they enlist the...
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...Adaptive Traffic Control System Performance measure against which our proposed policy to be tested is green time utilization. This performance measure is estimated by measuring the green time during which vehicles are served for an instance of a given phase and then dividing by the total length of the green time instance (i.e. minimum and maximum green time) The supporting data for green time utilization are as follows: * Allocated minimum and maximum green time * vehicle departure times * Saturation headway These data can be retrieved from the Signal control data and stop line detector. Our objective is to maintain ideal state as long as possible if control system deviates from this ideal state to (over-utilization) or (under-utilization) then by using adaptive control strategy system will take actions by changing existing policy. Objective: max.8≤Ugfk<1 Subject to constraints: g minfk≤gfk≤g maxfk (1) f=AFgfk≤C (2) Here, Ugf= Average time taken by vehiclesAvailable time Ugf=number of departures in phase f× hsat{gmin, gmax} Ugminf= number of departures in phase f× hsat{gmin}, Ugmaxf= number of departures in phase f× hsat{gmax} So, theoretically the green time utilization should follow following condition to be remain in ideal...
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...Aircraft Flight Control System Name: Institutional Affiliation Aircraft Flight Control System Description of the system; functional and schematic diagrams According to the Federal Aviation Administration, an aircraft control system is assemblage of mechanical and electronic equipment that permits a plane to be flown with excellent accuracy and steadfastness. A control system mainly constitutes cockpit controls, sensors, actuators which may be hydraulic, mechanical or electrical and computers. With improvement in technology, aircraft flight controls vary depending on the type of plane since planes with different feature and sizes have been introduced in the market thus have to be fit with flight control systems that match their capacity. However, the most basic flight control system designs are mechanical and are characterized with the early aircrafts. According to Garg et al (2013, p.60),they involve collective use of different mechanical parts which include rods, cables, pulleys and chains in some designs which play a significant role in transferring forces of flight deck controls to the control surfaces. Though new flight control models have been introduced with advancement in technology, application of mechanical flight controls still continues to date especially in small general and sport classification aircrafts especially where aerodynamic forces are not extreme. Illustration of mechanical aircraft control system (Garg et al, 2013, p.61) Aircraft control systems are group into...
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...INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM Ascertaining Internal Control System Methods of ascertaining the control systems are summarized as follows: * Examining previous audit work, * Client’s own documentation of the system, * Interviews with client’s staff, * Tracing transactions, * Examining client’s documents, * Observation of procedures. a. Examining previous audit work: The audit work should provide a record of the previous audit and how the system operates. Any change in the audit work should be documented for updating. b. Clients own documentation of the system: Some organizations have their on Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). These Standard Operating Procedures provides source of information and to the existing control systems. It is therefore important to check whether the system as described in the (SOP) is what actually practiced. c. Interview with staff: During various stages of the audit, the auditor will need to some members of the staff of the client and find out how they carry out the assigned duties. These questions will reveal existing control and give indication of potential problems. d. Tracing transactions: Walk through checks allow auditors to identify any examples of actual procedures that vary from intended procedures. It also helps the understanding of the entire process as well as identification of risks. e. Examining client’s documents: The auditor can also ascertain the clients control systems by examining...
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...Internal control, the strength of every organization, has become of paramount importance today in Nigerian banks. The reason being that the control systems in any organization is a pillar for an efficient accounting system. The need for the internal control systems in the organizations, especially banks, cannot be undermined, due to the fact that the banking sector, which has a crucial role to play in the economic development of a nation is now being characterized by macro economic instability, slow growth in real economic activities, corruption and the risk of fraud. Fraud, which is the major reason for setting up on internal control system, has become a great pain in the neck of many Nigerian bank managers. It has also become an unfortunate staple in Nigeria’s international reputation. Fraud is really eating deep into the Nigerian banking system and that any bank with a weak internal control system, is dangerously exposed to bank fraud. The CBN reported that cases of attempted fraud and forgery in banks, as at half-year 2007 have surpassed what was recorded for the whole year 2006. The CBN half-year report for 2007, revealed a total of 741 cases of attempted fraud and forgery, involving 5.4 billion, $35,406.1, 150 Euros were reported as at June, 2007. In 2006, 1,193 cases were reported involving 4.6 billion, $1.8 million and 14,389.7 pound sterling. The CBN also reported that the backward development was attributable to weaknesses in the internal control systems of the...
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...Overview of the Project Building an Access Control System in a dormitory of small college Purpose of the Project The ACS will automatically unlock the dormitory doors via an electronic proximity reader and integrate with an existing security camera system. The cameras are designed to face and rotate to record a person as they use their identification card to unlock the door. Work Includes A. Furnish and install all equipment and materials in accordance with these specifications and drawings to provide a complete and operating Door Access Control System. B. The scope of work for the Access Control and Security System shall include to providing the following: 1. Local control panels within the SER. 2. Card readers. 3. Magnetic door locks. 4. Exit push button. 5. PTZ camera. C. The scope of work for the software shall include to providing the following: 1. Install Software in the computer within the SER (computer, printer provide by owner) 2. Train the owner or who represent the company of how to use the software and add identification card to the system. Project process * The typical access control system consists of a control panel, PC, Software card/ pin reader, electromagnetic lock or door strike, power supply system and a push button. * The valid and authorized card user must present the card to the security system. * Upon verification by the reader, the locking system will be reenergized and the door can be pushed open. * To exit the...
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...Abstract Access control systems were examined to determine if a network based system would be more reliable and beneficial. Two major systems were determined to be very beneficial to the company. In contrast, the systems would consume a great deal of resources in order to be put into full working order at all sites worldwide. Together these findings suggest that using a network based system can ultimately serve the company better and create a more secure environment for the research and the employees. Keywords: Access control, CCURE, Locknetics, security, networking Network Based Access Control Systems: What Are They? Personal and confidential information can easily be accessed at sites if the access to the specific areas is not updated quickly enough. To secure and protect this data, technology must adapt to mitigate the threats and risks. Applications and services are becoming mobile across multiple resources, sometimes in a dynamically allocated way, necessitating the migration of sensitive and private data. I propose a network based access control system to address the inadequacies of current technological solutions in preserving the confidentiality and privacy of data, along with the safety and security of the site. More specifically, I describe a solution for securing all Bristol-Myers Squibb sites throughout the world. Access control systems have become a basic way of life for many businesses, especially large businesses. There are many different variations...
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...The Internal Control System Accounting is the process of identifying, analyzing, recording, summarizing, interpreting and reporting financial information to decision makers. Accounting information should be presented to society in a form that represents a true and fair view of operation. To accomplish this, accountants should have a clear understanding of accounting principles and concepts that govern the preparation of accounting statements and develop systems such as internal controls that assure the entity’s operations are properly and effectively recorded. Internal control systems help to ensure that the employees within an organisation carry out their duty and responsibility and act for the good of the business. There are certain key ingredients of a control system such as: environment control, risk assessment, control of flow of activities and monitoring. There are five main internal control procedures – proper authorization, segregation of duties, adequate documentation and records, physical safeguards over assets and records, and independent checks. Proper authorization of transactions and activities helps ensure that all company activities adhere to established guide lines unless responsible managers authorize another course of action. Segregation of duties requires that different individuals be assigned responsibility for different elements of related activities, particularly those involving authorization, custody, or recordkeeping. Adequate documents and...
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...Chapter 1 Management and Control Management control is a critical function in organisations. Management control failures can lead to large financial losses, reputation damage and possibly even to organizational failure. Reality shows us (in some examples illustrated on page 3-4) the importance of having good management control systems (MCS). However, adding to much control does not always lead to better control. Some MCS’s in common use often stifle initiative, creativity, and innovation. I.e. in organisations with a lot of bureaucracy a culture with a lack of responsibility can occur and due to the slow, bureaucratic processes people can find ‘creative’ ways to speed up this process. That good MCS’s are important is widely accepted, but within the field of MCS’s there are different views. An old, narrow view of a MCS is that of a ‘cybernetic’ system involving a single feedback loop. You can compare measuring performance with a thermostat; They measure the temperature, compare those measurements with the desired standard, and, if necessary, take a corrective action (turn on or off). This book, however, takes a broader view. It recognizes that may management controls in common use, such as direct supervision, employee-hiring standards and codes of conduct do not focus on measured performance. The focus instead on encouraging, enabling or, sometimes, forcing employees to act in the organization’s best interest. MCS can rather be proactive (to prevent) than reactive. The primary...
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...INTERNAL CONTROLS AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A CASE OF MEDIPONT INDUSTRIES LIMITED BY OCHOGE JOHN 05/U/9462/EXT SUPERVISOR MR. NZIBONERA ERIC A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF COMMERCE OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY JUNE 2011 DECLARATION I, Ochoge John, declare that this research report is my original work. It has not been submitted to any other university or higher institution for any award and where it is indebted to work of others, due acknowledgement has been made. Signature………………………… Date:……………………….. OCHOGE JOHN 05/U/9462/EXT APPROVAL I hereby certify that this work entitled “Internal controls and organizational performance: a case of Medipont Industries Limited” has been submitted with my approval for examination as a university supervisor. Signature……………………………………. Date …………………….. MR. NZIBONERA ERIC UNIVERSITY SUPERVISOR DEDICATION This piece of work is dedicated to my father, mother, wife and children. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I truly thank God for the gift of good health and friends. My sincere heart appreciation goes to my supervisor Mr. Nzibonera Eric for the guidance and encouragement up to this stage of submission. My lecturers for academic encouragement and guidance. Fellow students for moral, academic support and encouragement...
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