...Essay 1 In the Jim Crow South, the convict lease system was used to disenfranchise black people, both male and female. Although black men outnumbered black women in the system, black women were uniquely affected in ways that both belittled and warped their identities as both black and female. In the convict lease system, white women were exempt from system while black women were not, black women endured the paradox of assuming traditional female roles while being regarded as not female, and black women were portrayed as sexual fiends but received unwanted sexual abuse from their prison guards. For white people, the term “black woman” was a “oxymoronic statement” in that the term “black” negated the term “woman.” This view can best be scene in the judicial dealings of the white Martha Gault and the black Eliza Cobb. Cobb, who was arrested and convicted under circumstantial evidence of infanticide, was painted as idiotic and monstrous by those arguing in for her pardonment. On the other hand, Gault was charged with intent to murder and theft of an automobile with “damning judicial commentary,” but, based on her apparent femininity, the judge conceded “she...
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...set up to correctly impart our corrections constables on what’s acceptable and what is not acceptable. It is as well meant to deliver an anodyne atmosphere. Some welfare of endorsements are comprised of the assessment of a facility’s ability's assets as well as their weaknesses, putting into practice the state-of-the-art guidelines and techniques, assistive in the protection of ludicrous litigations, and a advanced level of operative skill, proficiency optimism as well as morals . Some say privatization in our prisons systems are fundamentally private establishments that have had government agreements to operate and run our prisons, they have been responsible for meals, healthcare as well as the maintenance over the prisons. When speaking of the Convict Lease System program it was known for one of the paramount case in point of prison privatization. Most people in southern states like North Carolina, during the rebuilding period, would contract convicts to attend as workhands for rail line and for coal mining companies, outsized homesteads farmsteads and...
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...to, set up to correctly impart our corrections constables on what’s acceptable and what is not acceptable. It is as well meant to deliver an anodyne atmosphere. Some welfare of endorsements are comprised of the assessment of a facility’s ability's assets as well as their weaknesses, putting into practice the state-of-the-art guidelines and techniques, assistive in the protection of ludicrous litigations, and a advanced level of operative skill, proficiency optimism as well as morals . Some say privatization in our prisons systems are fundamentally private establishments that have had government agreements to operate and run our prisons, they have been responsible for meals, healthcare as well as the maintenance over the prisons. When speaking of the Convict Lease System program it was known for one of the paramount case in point of prison privatization. Most people in southern states like North Carolina, during the rebuilding period, would contract convicts to attend as workhands for rail line and for coal mining companies, outsized homesteads farmsteads and...
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...of spirit that took place in the existing lockups. This meant that criminals in custody ought to be separated from each other as much as possible, preferably in isolation. Finally, and perhaps foremost as a social purpose, it was supposed to practice corrective discipline to create habits of industry through the application of strictly enforced rules. Prisoners ought to work steadily at productive labor, not sit around idle as they often did in old jails and prisons (B. Foster, 2006). In early prisons, convicts commonly produced goods the penitentiary sold directly to the public on the open market. This was called the public account or state account system, meaning the prison was the merchant with no middleman. Over time, except for the sale of agricultural commodities, such as truck vegetables and, occasionally, inmate-made crafts, this practice declined as other forms of prison labor developed (B. Foster, 2006). Public account was the original model. Under the convict lease, a private contractor rented prisoners from the state, assuming responsibility for their care and control in return. This model...
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...Capitalism in the United States has been fueled by technological growth. Eras of advancement have led to the rising force that is our current economic and political system. What seems to be a perfect system to the average American could very well be a misconception. In reality, the proclaimed stable capitalistic society might in fact be a ticking time bomb. America industrialized faster than any nation in history. In a blink of an eye, America became an industrial giant stronger than economy of Europe. Exports dwarfed imports as we made “carloads of wheat, tons of coal, kilowatts of electricity, locomotive and machine engine horsepower, miles of railroad and trolley track and telegraph wire, acreage under cultivation, patents per capita, and numbers of new cities, bridges, tunnels, dockyards and sewage and water treatment plants.” As industries gained new machines and faster ways to produce a product the desire for labor intensified. As the world made its technological advancements, the need for manual labor in the United States rose rapidly. Business owners had a hunger for the cheapest forms of labor possible, whether that labor took form of a farmer, a convict, an immigrant, or even a former slave. A new cultural practice was adopted for acquiring cheap labor. Black men were often the victim of this...
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...of familiar with the idea. Prisoners making license plates is the classic example. But that is the tip of the iceberg. Across the country convicts do work in carpentry, swing, mining, packaging, fire fighting, telemarketing, fish farming, and artisanal cheese-making. The last example is why this is back in the news. Whole food took some flak for selling felon made cheese and at pretty hefty markup. According to the Civil Liberties Union, this...
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...English, it was the power to beat, to hit, to flog, to whip, to inflict quick and dirty punishment.” As a result of the 13th Amendment, white Southerners lost their ability to control African Americans through forced labor, and wanted new ways to control African Americans. Many white Southerners took advantage of the convict lease system which, as stated in the 13th Amendment, would take prisoners, mainly African Americans, who could not pay off debts and sell them into forced labor for railroads, farms, and plantations. Although slavery had been abolished, powerful white Southerners found ways to control African Americans. The death penalty is an ever-present situation for many Americans after the end of the Civil War, and capital punishment...
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...this paper will explore only three mysteries that Nelson encountered along the way and how he confronted them. I will examine the circumstances surrounding John Henry’s incarceration, the events that led him to drive steel and finally, the cause of his death. In doing so, I hope to gain a deeper awareness of the life and times of John Henry, whether he be fact or fiction, which can qualify a deeper appreciation of the triviality of some of today’s commonplace woes. S.R.NELSON’S STEEL DRIVIN’ MAN REVIEWED 3 Nelson was unable to find any earlier recordings of John Henry until his arrival in Prince George County after the Civil War when the land was still in upheaval (41). John Henry was introduced by way of the criminal justice system. What crime had John Henry committed to deserve this ill fate? In April of 1866 John Henry was arrested for stealing from a grocery store (46). He was arrested for “housebreaking and larceny” and later sentenced to ten years in the state penitentiary. How and why was John Henry’s crime of...
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...Before 1835, the inmates were housed in a vermin infested jail in New Orleans (Angola Museum, n.d.). In that same year, the first Louisiana State Penitentiary was built. The penitentiary was built on the corner of sixth and Laurel Streets in Baton Rouge using a plan similar to a prison in Wethersfield, Connecticut (Angola Museum, n.d.). In 1844, the penitentiary and the inmates were leased to the private firm of McHatton Pratt (Angola Museum, n.d.). During the Civil War union Troops occupied the penitentiary. Then in1869 the lease was given to a Confederate Major by the name of Samuel James. The James Family was in charge of the Louisiana Corrections for the next 31 years (Angola Museum, n.d.). In 1880, Major James bought an eight thousand...
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...African slaves. On the other hand, free settlers who travelled to Australia were presented with numerous opportunities that could enhance their lives. In 1619, the Dutch brought the initial captured slaves from Africa to America and instigated the inhumane and severe mistreatment of Africans that stemmed from the slave system. Slavery spread throughout American colonies and it is estimated that there were more than 6 to 7 million Africans that were thrown...
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...Keisha Pighee Zachary HSM/240 08/27/14 Erin Akins University of Phoenix The Gift of Life is a community-based program that provides educations services to men who have been convicted of a felony and are trying to regain employment in their community. We provide the support they need to help them in their daily living. We are a private corporation that receives funding through state and federal sources as well as private pay from volunteer and outside agencies. The trouble the men are experiencing in today’s society is they have some past issues that have gotten in the way of the future. Every man involved has either been convict on a drug charge, gun, or even driving while license were suspended multiple time. In each of these charge the program take into consideration these charges could of happen in their youth and although we hold them accountable for their action they deserve a second chance to be productive in their community. The demographics of this program is that the government caters to women. Our program would like to give back to men who have made a change in their lives and as well as women need help to be productive father in their home and for their families. This program can also help promote leadership, given opportunities to educate their sons, and start a new beginning at the end of the chapter. Men have so much working against them in today’s society. Most African American men grow up living in poverty and are subject to the life of the streets, easy...
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...Summary Australian law is based on the culture of English law. The following characteristics derive from the English background of our law: * A system of representative democracy, using parliaments to make laws. See chapters 7 & 8. * A legal profession divided formally or informally into solicitors and barristers. See chapter 3. * A ‘common law’ system: * The system of law derived from the English legal system. Uses judicially decided cases as the basic form of law. See chapter 10. * The way that the law is made: Judges make law based on decided cases (precedents) and develop sets of legal principles which emerge from the judgments in decided cases.’ See chapter 12, 13, and 14. * The category of laws which grew from the medieval royal courts (‘the courts of common law’) and other areas of law, which came from the medieval Lord Chancellor’s role (‘equity’). See chapter 10. * Decision making in courts after an adversarial trial: derived from historical ‘trial by battle’ introduced by Normans. The battle has since then become a verbal one. See chapter 2. * A court system for dispute resolution: See chapter 11. However, Australian law has developed distinct characteristics of its own: * A federal system made up of a Commonwealth and States and Territories: separates out the powers of different bodies of government. See chapter 8. * A limited recognition of indigenous customary law: Mabo (No 2) held that native title to land could...
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...paper is on the history of the prison in America. How it came to be in its present state? Things I will be writing about in this paper are the early history of the prison history in England. I will be talking about early American prisons, the goal of rehabilitation, prison labor, changes in the prison system, rehab programs, population, housing and prison organization we will hit briefly on all those aspects of the history of prisons. The reasoning behind this paper is because many people do not know why prison are the way they are now. In order to know why we have prisons the way we have them today you have to know where they came from. The main findings from my paper are from the internet. Articles that I read for this are Towards a Fair and Balanced Assessment of Supermax Prisons by Daniel P. Mears and Jamie Watson. The textbook Twelfth Edition Introduction to Criminal Justice Author Larry Siegel Chapter 16. Prison Reform in Pennsylvania by Norman Johnston P.H.D Board member Emeritus of the Pennsylvania Prison Society, Wikipedia. The short History of Prison by the Howard League for Penal Reform. These articles helped me to understand how we have the prison system today. I found that the country has been through many phases and schools of thought on how to punish and house prisoners. The prisons went from just a holding place for people until they were sentenced. To the way things are today being time as the punishment for offenders. Most people who are punished...
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...“American Violet” Critical Analysis Ashley ReBarker SOCI 3025 Dr. Sitawa Kimuna The “American Violet” sparks up a lot of issues that we see today in our society. These issues are very important as they deal with equality among our citizens but they may often be overlooked. The issue I am going to discuss in this critical analysis is Racial Prejudice in the Criminal Justice System. Racial prejudice happens every day and may never completely end, but one would think that it would not take place in a professional, uniform place such as the Criminal Justice System. After watching this movie, I have been taken back by the actions of the people in charge of this system. The 14th Amendment states that “ no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; no shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws” (U.S Constitution). The individuals in this film were not treated equally compared to the whites in this town and this was the result of racial prejudice. Dee, the main character of the movie, is a mom to four kids in a small town in Texas. The movie starts out with the SWAT team/policemen raiding the “projects” where Dee lives. At this time Dee is at work at a local café where they eventually find her at and arrest right on the spot. Not once do they tell her what she is being arrested...
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...look for ways to improve their situation. They eventually learned that by banding together and bargaining as a group, they could pressure employers to respond to their demands. The development of labor unions follows the development of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought about skilled laborers and a huge increase in production, thanks to a better production system. The new factory system brought workers both steady employment in good economic times and bad working conditions and unemployment during depressions. Consequently, the Industrial Revolution changed the American class structure, turning skilled tradesmen into the working class, who found it very difficult to escape factory work. Printers, carpenters, tailors, and weavers formed local craft unions in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. Their main objective was to maintain craft standards, to prevent employers from hiring unskilled workers and immigrant labor. The largest labor organizations emerged between 1866 and 1936. The National Labor Union was formed in 1866. It fought for the abolition of convict labor, the establishment of the eight-hour workday, and the restriction of immigration. Though it became a political party and collapsed within six years, it did effectively organize craft unions and reform groups into a national federation. The first national federation to remain active for more than a few years was the...
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