In a society where traditions are mostly based on orthodox values, where transformation of culture are dealt with utter stubbornness, the rise of ‘dual earner/shared care’ concept was bound to face sheer difficulties, no matter how modern and efficient it is for the society as well as economy. Even if things may not be alike in an unorthodox society, there were several problems still maneuvering the concept every now and then.

There have been quite a few numbers of researches, survey to undergo the situation of this concept in societies. Some results have come out as positive and some negative. However, to basic knowledge of general people, it’s still believed that it depends on the environment, on the social norms, and on people’s view to this matter. Dual earner system has been welcomed in many countries, willingly or not willingly. In some countries, people’s incomes are mostly below the poverty line, i.e. in third world countries; in those places people have accepted dual earner system as a necessity, leaving the dilemma off. For developed countries, it has been found in the statistics that around 62% of households are now "dual earner". Yet, despite increasing female participation in the labor market, the private lives of many couples are still showing the role pattern of the male breadwinner model. Men are perceived as providers for the family, whilst women are expected to shoulder the lion's share of unpaid work at home. So as to reconcile gainful employment and career ambitions, motherhood and marriage or partnership, homemaking and social life successfully, women are increasingly behaving as 'super women'.

Work-family conflict occurs when an individual has to perform multiple roles that require time, energy and commitment. An inter-role conflict occurs as role-pressures from work-family domains become incompatible in some respects. The cumulative