...Basics | Sorting through ownership | Getting permission | Protecting your work People typically need to know who owns what for two reasons: They are creating a work, either alone or in collaboration with others, and want to know who will own what or who will have what rights in the finished work. They want to use another's work beyond the bounds of fair use and need to know whom to ask for permission. The basics of who owns what are the same regardless of which concern one has, so we will cover the basics first, then show how those rules apply in the two situations above, and finally address how to protect your work. The basics The author is usually the owner. Except when the work-for-hire rules apply: The author's employer owns work(s) created by an employee within the scope of employment, or that fall within one or more of the nine statutory categories, where an agreement commissioning the work is in writing and signed by the creator or creators before work begins The nine statutory categories include: contribution to a collective work; part of a movie or other audiovisual work; a translation; a supplementary work; a compilation; an instructional text; a test; answer material for a test; or an atlas. If a work does not fit within the statutory definition of a work-for-hire, the employer may still own it if the author assigns the copyright to the employer or contractor. An author-owner is free to assign copyright to anyone, so a written...
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...materials. To obtain access, email your request to hapbooks@ache.org and include the following information in your message: Book title Your name and institution name Title of the course for which the book was adopted and season course is taught Course level (graduate, undergraduate, or continuing education) and expected enrollment The use of the text (primary, supplemental, or recommended reading) A contact name and phone number/e-mail address we can use to verify your employment as an instructor You will receive an e-mail containing access information after we have verified your instructor status. Thank you for your interest in this text and the accompanying instructor resources. Copyright and distribution of this PDF is prohibited without written permission. For permission, please contact Copyright Clearance Center at www.copyright.com Healthcare Business Basics Chapter 2 8/1/12 ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 2.1 a. A business is an entity that obtains financing from the marketplace, uses those funds to buy assets (e.g., land, buildings, equipment, and inventories), and finally uses those assets to create goods or services that are sold to the public. b. A pure charity obtains contributions and then distributes those funds to meet the charitable goals of the organization. A (not-for-profit) business’s primary source of funds is revenues from the sale of goods...
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...and copyright. Industrial property obtains patents for invention, trademark, industrial designs and geographical indication whereas copyright includes literary works and artistic works. Literary works such as novels, musical works and others whereas artistic works such as paintings, architectural design and others. Copyright-related rights include performing artists performing in performances, producers of phonetic symbol and broadcasters in radio and television programs (WIPO, 2003, p.2). There have four types of intellectually...
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...prevent unauthorized use by others. In fact, the ownership of intellectual property certainly creates a limited monopoly in the protected property. Intellectual property rights traditionally consist of four categories, including copyright, patents, trademark, and industrial design. In our daily life, copyright law protects different kinds of original creative works, such as literary works, musical works, film works, and broadcasts. It allows us to share the original ideas, feelings and perspectives to others in the common environment. Since the intellectual property rights are regarded as a means for us, we use our knowledge in creating new things or further improving the original products and works. In this way, our intangible or tangible properties are deserved to protect. For example, an expert develop an smartphone application for the benefit of public, if it becomes popular for a long period, the expert may obtain a property protection by applying a copyright, and makes a guarantee in the smartphones’ application market. There are three important copyright protection requirements, including originality, fixation and qualification. If the requirements are fulfilled, the copyright will become effective. Generally, originality means that an...
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...SUMMARY Copyright law, which mostly deals with the author’s right over a particular work against the general public is said to follow the Lockean theory of Labour which states of natural entitlement to the fruits of labour. This forms the basis of the argument and further criticism in the paper titled: ‘Locke, Labour and Limiting the Author’s Right: A Warning Against a Lockean Approach to Copyright Law’. The author, Carys J. Craig forms a basic contention that the Lockean Approach to Copyright law as such focuses only on the rights of the Author in relation to his/her work, while leaving out the important element of public interest. Following the Labour – Desert theory, which plays prominent role in the Lockean Approach, the author argues that...
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...Compensating Human Resources Chapter 11: Variable Pay and Executive Compensation Prepared by Linda Eligh, University of Western Ontario Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 11–1 Learning Objectives After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Define variable pay and identify three elements of successful pay-for-performance plans. Discuss three types of individual incentives. Explain three ways that sales employees are typically compensated. Identify key concerns that must be addressed when designing group/team variable pay plans. Discuss why profit sharing and employee stock ownership are common organizational incentive plans. Identify the components of executive compensation and discuss criticisms of executive compensation levels. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 11–2 Variable Pay: Incentives for Performance • Variable Pay Compensation linked to individual, group/team, and/or organizational performance. • Basic assumptions: Some jobs contribute more to organizational success than others. Some people perform better and are more productive than others. Employees who perform better should receive more compensation. Some of employees’ total compensation should be tied directly to performance. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson, a division of Thomson Canada Limited. 11–3 Developing Successful Pay-for-Performance Plans • Reasons for Adopting Pay or Incentive...
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...one form or the other. These forms may include, but not limited to, music, still pictures, video clips and sound. With all these sharing, internet has become a common place to upload and download audio-visual materials like recorded films. Copyright is a common method used to protect ones production rights on a particular piece of material over the internet. In fact, the graph below shows that copyright infringement is the most common type of infringement; Figure 1: source; Canadian SME However, in peer-to-peer file sharing, most people infringe these rights and pass other people’s work as their own. In fact, IFPI states in their report that “the ease of access to music by means of illegal file sharing has damaged its perceived value to customers”. This has been a great challenge to music and film industry globally (Leyshon, A., 2003). For instance in the recent emergence of file swapping services that are based on the internet. These services include Napster that has allowed huge exploitation of recorded work without any little authorization of the users. Actually, this has been attributed to the slow rate of sales in CDs and DVDs due to enabled file sharing (P2P). (Mortimer, J. 2012). Peer-to-Peer sharing and copyright law Copyright in this context is the legal protective law for all kinds of creative work on any form(s) of media. This law therefore limits unfair usage of these intellectual properties in both real world and cyberspace. Infringement of these laws is called...
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...individual study time Week 1 Non-supervised individual study time and research: 40 hours Outcome Content Learner activity Resources Assessment and PLTS LO1: Know the range of different businesses and their ownership Introduction to unit and the structure of the programme Introduction to LO1 Range of different businesses: local; national; international; global; public; private; not-for-profit/voluntary; sectors of business activity (primary, secondary and tertiary) Business purposes: supply of products or services; difference between profit and not-for profit organisations Set up file for new unit Reflective questions AS1 Business types and ownership, Task 1; as individual or pair activity SB activities: • Starter stimulus • Tony and Guy • Aresenal • VSO • Primary, secondary and tertiary businesses Sample assignment brief Task 1.1 for P1; learners should spend the session time and NS time on this activity SB activities: • Poundland AS1 Business types and ownership SB Sample assignment brief Task 1.1 Stretch and support Assessment P1 PLTS RL BTEC National Business © Pearson Education Ltd 2010. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. BTEC National Business Unit 1 The business environment Unit 1 The business environment Scheme of work 5 3 4 5 Content...
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...January 2009 License Agreements of Third Parties "ThirdPartyContent" NORTHSTAR PRODUCTIONS END-USER LICENSE AGREEMENT: All samples and programs are licensed to the owner/purchaser of "Kompakt" under the terms of the enclosed agreement. Northstar Productions retains ownership of and intellectual property rights to all of the contents provided by Northstar. Any unauthorized use transmission, distribution, delivery or reproduction of the materials contained herein, in whole or in part, without the express written consent of Northstar Productions shall not be permitted, shall constitute a violation of law and shall entitle Northstar Productions to, in addition to any other remedy available at law or equity, injunctive relief on account thereof. ©Copyright 2003 Northstar Productions VSL Terms of license Frequently Asked Questions about using our sample libraries Do I have to pay additional licensing fees if my use of these samples ends up on a hit record or other high-profile projects? NO, your original purchase of the disc is your only license fee, and you’re free to use it in as many musical recordings as you want, forever. We hope you do get to use our sounds on a hit! Do I have to credit this disc if I use it on a recording? With your purchase, you agree to use the following wording in any credits or liner notes accompanying the music recording, be it a music CD, cassette, or soundtrack compilation: "Orchestral samples included in this recording from the Vienna...
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...Paul Boudreau; Counsel: Katherine A. Cotton Defendant: Professor Jimming Lin; Counsel: Daniel Mayo Defendant: University of Ottawa; Counsel: Kathryn Prud’ Homme The case between Mr. Paul Boudreau and Professor Jimming Lin took place in the Ontario Supreme Court (General Division) presided by Métivier J. The hearing was on the March 3, 4, and 5, 1997 while the judgement was rendered on August 20, 1997. The Judges opening remarks to the case:- The plaintiff, Mr. Boudreau, asserts that a paper he prepared for his University course was published by the defendant, Professor Lin, who is an employee of the University of Ottawa without his permission and acknowledgment as the author. The action is being brought forward as an infringement of copyright. Facts Paul Boudreau was employed by a high-tech firm, Nortel, where he was the head of the Operations...
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...entities. Recently, an increasing number of wholly foreign-owned enterprises (WFOEs) in the PRC are involved in complex business structures that allow a foreign entity (often an SEC registrant), through a series of contractual arrangements as opposed to equity ownership, to effectively control a PRC-domiciled enterprise that provides education services. This typically results in the SEC registrant accounting for the PRC-domiciled education enterprise as a consolidated subsidiary, effectively allowing the SEC registrant to recognize the gross assets, liabilities, and profits (or losses) of the PRC enterprise even though the WFOE has no equity ownership. These structures have been the subject of recent public scrutiny and focused on by the SEC. This case will discuss (1) the various contractual agreements that are used to create such structures and (2) whether a consolidation conclusion is appropriate under U.S. GAAP in different scenarios. Background Six Chinese nationals (the Nominee Shareholders) form a business enterprise (the Enterprise) in the PRC that will own and operate private schools. The Nominee Shareholders will own 100 percent of the equity in the Enterprise, each with an equally proportionate ownership interest. The Nominee Shareholders are related parties. The Enterprise secures and maintains the...
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...Business communication -Jac Richardson In this report I will be explaining the legal and ethical issues relating to the use of business information. Legal Issue | Impact on the business | Data Protection Act (1988)The Data Protection Act controls how your personal information is used by organisations, businesses or the government. Everyone who is responsible for using data has to follow strict rules called “data protection principles “ There is stronger legal protection for more sensitive information, such as:Ethnic backgroundPolitical opinionsReligious beliefsHealth records | Businesses must make sure the information is:Obtained and used fairly and lawfullyUsed only for the purposes stated when it was collectedKept for no longer than is absolutely necessaryKept safe and secureNot transferred outside the UK without adequate protection such as passwordsIt is also illegal for businesses to send out information not requested so businesses will often ask customers if they want to receive future additional information.This applies to businesses such as Tesco and Amazon both regardless of whether the information is written or electronic.Any organisation that needs to store personal information must apply to register with the Information Commissioner and must declare what information will be stored and how it will be used in advance. | Computer Misuse Act (1990)The Computer Misuse Act (1990)There were no laws to deal with computer misuse before 1990 The Act is often labelled...
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...Earned: | 2.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | True | 3. A ________ is a patent that protects the functionality of a patent. A) utility patent B) method patent C) design patent D) process patent E) Shark Tank Patent Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | A | 4. A competitor can lawfully discover a trade secret by performing reverse engineering A) True B) False Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | True | 5. A patent in the public domain can be purchased by a non-patent holder A) True B) False Points Earned: | 2.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | False | 6. ) A ________ is a product formula, pattern, design, compilation of data, customer list, or other covert business information A) copyright B) trade secret C) trademark D) patent E) All of the above Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | B | 7. What federal statute was enacted by the Congress to protect trade secrets? A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act B) Lanham Act C) Telecommunication Act D) Economic Espionage Act E) None of the above Points Earned: | 0.0/2.0 | | Correct Answer(s): | D | 8. According to the public use doctrine for patents, ________. A) the inventor has to test his invention in the public domain, to measure its validity, before being granted a patent B) an invention cannot be used in the public domain prior to it being granted a patent C) a patent will not be granted if the invention was already in public use for one year before...
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...authors, inventors, and artists, in some similar form whether it is copyright, trademark, or other sources of protection. The topic of discussion herein explores intellectual property law in America and the protections afforded to unique works and their creators here at home. Research was conducted using web-based resources made accessible to the public by prestigious universities such as UC Berkley and Cornell. The findings revealed a substantial legal framework of protection for authors, creators, and inventors of industrial, literary, scientific, and artistic works. Rights Protected by Intellectual Property Law Intellectual property refers to creations of the human mind: inventions, literary and artistic works, symbols, names, images, and designs used in commerce. Exclusive rights protect the intellectual property and owners under corresponding categories of law. This law encompasses the legalities of copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights, and trade secrets. Legal property rights are defensible in a court of law, and are further defined by article 9 on the Uniform Commercial Code (U.C.C). To expand on creations of the human mind, intellectual property is further broken down into two categories: industrial rights and copyright protection. Industrial property encompasses the likes of inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial designs, and geographic indications of source. Copyright provides protection for literary and artistic works such as novels...
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...In Chapter 12, Brownie outlines the different types of fluid typography with some of them being: dynamic typography, temporal typography, typography by construction, typography by metamorphosis, and so on. In many instances of fluid typography, it requires engagement whether this is through audiences physically moving throughout a space to see fluid typography or whether it is already done through camera movements which is presented to an audience. Another significant and reoccurring case of fluid typography is the idea of letter-forms losing their “old identity” and transforming into new identities as transformation and movement take place. Thus, as Brownie states, “the text does not have a fixed identity or a reliable, constant meaning; it...
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