...Nueva economía de China: dos para el dinero El Partido Comunista en China aprobó una nueva ley que permitirá que las parejas casadas puedan tener dos hijos dando por terminado la política de un hijo único desde hace treinta años. Este cambio ayudaría a que la población salga del envejecimiento, estancamiento o disminución de trabajadores ya que la población ha disminuido debido a que se encuentra a menos de un tercio del ritmo desde 1980 con un crecimiento de 0.5% por año. Los efectos para esta decisión podría aumentar paulatinamente la mano de obra en China lo que significaría una reorientación en la economía, exportaciones e inversiones de capital. Además, de gastos a los consumidores porque las madres necesitan adquirir bienes para poder satisfacer las necesidades de sus bebés. Sin embargo, a los padres les generaría gastos como de cuido, matriculas, tutorías, trasladarse a una casa más amplia por lo que tiene que estar preparados. Por otro lado, es necesario que aumente la productividad para que se pueda frenar la fuerza trabajadora que es un grupo pequeño, debido a que la mano de obra son en su mayoría personas de edad avanzada propiciando el aumento de jubilados. Estoy de acuerdo con el autor porque el cambio de esta política permitirá un país con aumento en la población de la cual se encuentra en estancamiento, aumentará la oferta en la mano de obra, disminuirá la influencia de la gente negativa sobre el envejecimiento relacionada con descenso de la mano de obra...
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...Master of Business Administration Business Ethics assignment Nadine GOUBA Professor: Virginie VIAL January 2016 1. From CSR to CSV The concept of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) emerged in the 1950s. Bowen queried: “What responsibilities to society may businessmen reasonably be expected to assume?” CSR “refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society”. He argued that businessmen are responsible for the consequences of their actions in a sphere somewhat wider than corporate financial performance. (Bowen, 1953) Traditionally companies carried out CSR through cash donation, charitable and philanthropic activities. Companies’ CSR activities are often disconnected with their core business strategy and while possibly promoting some sort of social cause, bring no real value to the company itself. (Castillo, p. 2) This social responsibility is criticized by many. According to Milton FRIEDMAN “there is one and only one social responsibility of business–to use it resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game, which is to say, engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud.” (Friedman, September 13, 1970) PORTER and KRAMER propose to create economic value in a way that also creates value for society by addressing its needs...
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... Germany, Established in 1975, is nowadays the second market t automaker in the world , this making it a business that needs to have ethical responsibilities. A moral agent is a person with the right of making decision in a corporation and stand accountable for the outcome of the decisions taken, either a right or wrong one. What makes Volkswagen to stand out is that their concern is not only profit and people entitled with the manger try to make decisions that will have a positive impact on business, employees , stakeholders , shareholders and external factors, such as the impact on the world. Business ethics means studying business policies and practices concerning potential issues like discrimination,insider trading , corporate governance,social responsibility and they are often guided by law or they choose to follow these practices t gain public acceptance. Volkswagen is an ethical business as they follow the principles of fairness and honesty, meaning that fraudulent practices, acts of corruption, favoritism and any other things breaking the law . Also they are impartial when it comes about gender,age,sexual orientation, race, health condition, nationality, political views or different religious views. Supporting human rights is another ethical decision made by them as they act in concordance with the requirements of the International Labour Organizaton. The company comply with current legislation about workforce protection as they try to avoid risks, combat them at...
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...Business / Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand This essay Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand is available for you on Essays24.com! Search Term Papers, College Essay Examples and Free Essays on Essays24.com - full papers database. Autor: anton 03 July 2011 Tags: Corporate, Social, Responsibility, Zealand Words: 1880 | Pages: 8 Views: 108 Printable Version Essay: Corporate Social Responsibility At Air New Zealand Read Full Essay Join Now! Aviation industry exerts great influence on growth of national economy and it has an overriding effect on national security. Air New Zealand is an international airline registered and based in New Zealand. It provides cargo transport services and air passenger within New Zealand, as well as to and from major regions. To start with, all outside factors that may influence an organization constitute the external environment .This report will first describe the external environment through three perspectives: economic, technological and global forces, then the major CSR issues and the stakeholders. Finally, it will discuss how stakeholders influence the CSR policy and the implication of it. Air New Zealand has made significant progress in the previous year according to a favorable economic climate and the company records a net profit after tax of $215 million. However, fuel prices continue to reach a record level - the price of jet fuel averaged...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. ...
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...This article is published in a peer-reviewed section of the Utrecht Law Review Four Case Studies on Corporate Social Responsibility: Do Conflicts Affect a Company’s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy? Cristina A. Cedillo Torres, Mercedes Garcia-French, Rosemarie Hordijk, Kim Nguyen, Lana Olup* 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and objectives This article will discuss the different Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) issues that emerged within four multinationals (Apple, Canon, Coca-Cola and Walmart). There is no clear definition of CSR. In Corporate Social Responsibility, Legal and semi-legal frameworks supporting CSR Lambooy gives an r o verview of several definitions of CSR.1 The European Commission defines CSR as ‘the esponsibility of enterprises for their impacts on society’.2 This is the definition which is the most suitable for the c ontext of the article’s research question. As this article will focus on companies from the US and Japan, the authors also provide an overview of the focus on CSR from the US and Japanese perspective. In the US there is no governmental regulation regarding CSR or business best practices. Instead, according to findings from Bennett American, companies have a marked tendency to use codes of conduct.3 The American CSR perspective could be described as following a principles-based approach, with codes of conduct that prescribe values and principles which company members as a whole should aspire to follow. ...
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...introduction to management issues1 Identification of management issues2 rationalisation behind unethical behaviour2 corporate governance and social responsibility2 recommendations3 Implementation of recommendations3 references4 1.0 BACKGROUND The purpose of this case study is to identify the management issues of Satyam Computer Services Limited’s, former chairman Ramalinga Raju when he admitted to corporate fraud in 2009, and how these issues could be addressed. Satyam Computer Services Limited, (now known as Mahindra Satyam) is a “leading global information communications and technology company”. (Anon., n.d.) It is a part of the “US $15.4 billion dollar Mahindra group, a global industrial federation of companies of the top 10 business houses based in India”. (Anon., n.d., p. 1; Anon., n.d.)). 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT ISSUES “India’s corporate community experienced a significant shock in January 2009 with damaging revelations about board failure and colossal fraud in the financials of Satyam.” (Afsharipour, 2010)Ramalinga Raju and the CFO of the company were charged with “conspiracy, cheating and falsifying records. Raju was also allegedly using salary payments to fabricated employees, in order to steal money from the company.” (Anon., n.d.) This case study will explore the unethical behaviours of Ramalinga Raju, but also how ethical standards and social responsibility factors in with Satyam’s Computer Services Limited’s own management issues, which would have also...
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...t Malaysian-based Company (Maybank) Introduction / Objective of the term paper Company Background Maybank, a government-linked company (GLC). is the largest bank in Malaysia with more than 380 domestic and 90 international branches. In Maybank, the unionised Special Grade Clerks performs these functions: • receiving and paying of cash items within designated authority • signing of internal vouchers • checking and verifying all activities of tellers • dual control of ATM • control and release of checkbooks, PIN, bank drafts, bankers cheques etc. If one analyses the job function / authority and responsibility of the unionised Special Grade Clerk, one would note that a lot of the functions of some Unionised employees in some banks are much superior to the said officers. Non-clerical - Position hold above trainee officer, bank officers (in-charge banking hall) and etc. It was reported of estimated 4,605 or 61% of Maybank employees in the clerical and non-clerical category were NUBE members and some of them decided to form an in-house union called Maybank Non-Executive Union (Mayneu). Organizational Behavior issues identified ✓ Biasness in Performance Bonus Maybank and the National Union of Bank Employees (NUBE) had been in dispute over the alleged lack of or insufficient performance bonuses provided to lower-level employees. The dispute had been ongoing since 2009. NUBE claims that the bank did not provide a fair...
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...Ethics MGT 498 November, 2012 Ethics Edward O Wilson, an American biologist and theorist proposed that in the end, success or failure will come down to an ethical decision; one on which those now will be judged for generations to come (ThinkExist, 2012). Organizations require members to adhere to the established guidelines and ethics to maintain compliance with internal and external directives. The ability of the company to remain profitable without sacrificing ethics is a competitive advantage that will ensure consumer loyalty and enhance its reputation. Additionally, ethical decision-making contributes to a company’s fulfillment of corporate social responsibility. This analysis will describe how ethics and social responsibility influence the development of a strategic plan. Furthermore, it will provide an example of an unethical action and present an alternative method for handling the situation. Influence of Ethics The Free Dictionary.com (2012), defines ethics as a set of principles of right conduct or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession (Ethics). Although many believe that ethics and business cannot exist simultaneously, the cost of unethical behavior in organizations is unacceptable. According to Wheelen and Hunger (2010), a survey by the Ethics Resource Center of 1,324 employees of 747 U.S. companies found that 48% of employees surveyed said that they had engaged in one or more unethical and/or illegal actions during the...
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...in the contemplation of law. Limited liability is a key feature of the modern corporation. Consumer sovereignty: the idea that consumers should and do control the market through their purchases. Dependence effect: as a society becomes increasingly affluent, wants are increasingly created by the process by which they are satisfied. Moral vegetarians are people who reject the eating of meat on moral grounds. 2 In my opinion, Wal-Mart is an example of a morally bad corporation. There are three reasons to improve that: (1) Unfair competition. Our textbook describe it like this: “Some critics of capitalism maintain that capitalism breeds oligopolies that eliminate competition and concentrate economic power that a system of corporate welfare protects many businesses from true marketplace competition, and finally that competition is neither generally beneficial nor desirable in itself.” Through the case 4.5, in order to eliminate other competitors and concentrate more economic power, Wal-Mart puts pressure on suppliers to lower their prices, so that it can offer its customers...
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...Canadian Business Environment Market and Nonmarket Environments Any issues or changes that happen in one of these environments can directly cause change to the other. Since both of these are so closely related and to a great importance for a firm to run successfully, they have put more focus on managing both aspects of the company. The interrelationship between the market and nonmarket environment is heavily based on the role of management. Since a firm will operate in both the market and nonmarket environments, managers are there to measure the impact one has on the other. The issues found in the nonmarket environment are directly related to the market environment of the firm. The nonmarket environment is a little more difficult to control than the market environment, but each firm is aware of the importance of running sufficiently in both aspects in order to be successful. As shown in figure 1-1 (Baron p. 3), the relationship that the nonmarket and market environment has. Market environment determines the significance of nonmarket issues to the firm. Nonmarket environment shapes business opportunities in the market place. Analysis of the Nonmarket Environment When analyzing the nonmarket environment of an organization the main focus is the four I’s that characterize the organization. The four I’s consists of Issues, Interests, Institutions and Information. The issues aspect is the main part of the nonmarket analysis, issues of a firm can be very vast, and they...
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...Friedman – Corporate Social Responsibility Businessmen who believe and talk about CSR as if it is the end all of be all or that it is important in the realm of business are puppets People have responsibilities; not businesses A corporation is an artificial person but a business cannot be said to have responsibilities He separates “responsibility from the word “social – since the business cannot be moral is cannot have moral responsibility Moral responsibility is different than social responsibility as a social contract Social responsibility can be taken to account only if you are able to separate the person from the position. CSR is something that is only practiced in the first world countries, this is not the case in regards to health concerns with overseas workers; international human rights violations Your are spending the money of the employee so far that you are lowering his wages, your are spending the money of the customer so far that you are raising the price of the product, your are spending the shareholders money so far that you are spending the company profits. If we are to give them the ability to act as civil servants than we should have to elect them to do so. Their expertise is in running a business or an organization not in figuring out what is the best for the economy – they are not politician and the decision to act upon social responsibility is not always in the best interest of his/her shareholders, suppliers, or stakeholders. He...
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...Communications in Business Report Letter to Executive of Local Network I.X. Elle 98765432 Semester Two 2010 Bentley Campus Tutor: Novita Ikasari Ms I.X.Elle Director of Corporate Communications Bayer Western Australia GPO Box 6789 Perth WA 6001 AUSTRALIA October 2, 2010 Same mistakes Ms Novita Ikasari Executive of the Australasian Local Network PO Box 123 Bentley WA 6004 AUSTRALIA Dear Ms Ikasari, executive of local network Submitsion to the Local Network of ….. This letter contains our recommendations to the Local Network to encourage compliance with Global Compact p(P)rinciple o(O)ne, which states “Businesses should support and respect the protection of internationally proclaimed human rights”, and p(P)rinciple n(N)ine “Businesses should encourage the development and diffusion of environmentally friendly technologies”. At Bayer we believe in doing the right thing by (for) our stakeholders. Bayer is a founding member of the United Nations (UN) Global Compact and has supported the ten principles since inception. We are proactive in pioneering new ideas and concepts to facilitate compliance to the principles. Our long history in many of the countries in which we operate, ensures that we are well placed to make recommendations to the Australasian Local Network. Bayer’s support of its host communities throughout the world complies with the business practices of the Global Compact. Our performance report is available on...
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...2009 Suparn Sharma, Jyoty Sharma, Arti Devi 205 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: THE KEY ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Suparn Sharma (PhD),Joity Sharma (PhD), Arti Devi Abstract Business organizations have waked up to the need for being committed towards Corporate Social Responsibility. But still majority have just been taking up some form of philanthropic activities for its stakeholders. Nurturing a strong corporate culture which emphasizes Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) values and competencies is required to achieve the synergistic benefits. The employees of an organization occupy a central place in developing such a culture which underlines CSR values and competencies. The present study, therefore, is an attempt to explore the engagement of human resource management professionals in undertaking Corporate Social Responsibility. It also suggests Human Resource Management to take a leading role in encouraging CSR activities at all levels. The combined impact of CSR and human resource activities, which reinforce desirable behavior, can make a major contribution in creating long term success in organizations. Sharma S., Sharma J. and Devi A. - Corporate Social Responsibility: The Key Role of Human Resource Management 206 Business Intelligence Journal January Introducción Business houses, right from the inception of human race, have been regarded as constructive partners in the communities in which they operate. Though they have been instrumental...
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...symbolizes corporate social irresponsibility in the eyes of many Americans. How did the most powerful company become admired as well as feared and despised? Using the company's marketing strategy as a basis for analysis, the current study argues that Wal-Mart's problems with its own employees are not just perceptual but fundamentally due to the company's targeting and positioning choice: the delivery of always low prices to customers has meant that such stakeholder groups as employees have had to be squeezed. In 1962, Sam Walton created Wal-Mart, a “superstore” geared toward giving the customer a superior experience mixed with the best prices around. Walton used his years in the logistics management in the United States military to find the best prices, standardize and streamlined supply chain management and pioneer his one-stop-shop. Soon his superstore that is headquartered in Arkansas was also located in countries such as China, Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Japan and Chile. Wal-Mart’s mission is to provide customers with quality products at affordable prices. The company strives to provide satisfactory customer service and excellence in all it takes part in. Corporate Social Responsibility Issues for the Retail Industry The retail industry in United States is considered to be most evolved and headed by companies such as Wal-Mart, Home Depot, Kroger, Costco and Target all who are headquartered in the United States. All of these companies and others have social, environmental...
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