...topology of corporate crime, what are the main criteria used, and which criteria do you think are the most significant? A topology of corporate crime can be extremely helpful in recording data for evaluation. The separate concepts and dimensions of each topology can narrow an inquiry to a very particular subset of activities, victims and practices. A database search on more information of topologies within this subset of White Collar Crime yielded very few results. The author examines this from two broad categories. accounting for several factors within criminology or social science to allow a better study of the topic, in a more narrow scope. From these typologies, we can also draw numerous scientific values. The author uses the type of activity to study an area. The other typologies include, victims, such as the general public, consumers and employees. Another typology is the size of entity, such as the crime of a major domestic corporation. Thirdly, the product or service involved is another topology. Finally, the nature of the harmful activity. I believe the victim and type of activity are the most significant, because you will most likely have the most data to draw from. Victims will almost definitely report their loss if they suspect foul play; all the while the type of activity will be reported or derived from the victims report. These areas, in my mind, hold for quantitative data. 2. Identify and discuss how the corporate abuse of power, corporate fraud, and...
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...to the society. Private Corrections Major Players In researching who benefitted the most from prisons being privatized, it became apparent that there are two companies, Corrections Corporation of America (CCA), headed by Henri Wedell on the board of directors and The GEO Group, with George Zoley as CEO which earn millions of dollars in profit for the incarceration of an offender. Wedell, who owns 650,000 shares in CCA, worth 25 million dollars, was asked if he felt any moral shame for profiting from a legal system that jails more people than any other country in the world to which he replied, “America allow more freedom than any other country in the world, so there’ll be a certain number of people, who take advantage of that freedom, abuse it, and end up in prison.”(Ray Downs). George Zoley, who made at least 6 million dollars in salary and bonuses is so proud of his investment, he assures his shareholders that the incarceration rate will not be dropping anytime in the near future. How can these men guarantee that there will not be a drop in the incarceration rate to their investors? They utilize politicians to solidify high incarceration rates. Politics It can then be logically deduced, new laws with policies for stricter and longer sentencing needs to be implemented and there must be politician(s) willing to implement them; since politicians are responsible for creating and enforcing laws and statutes that governs this nation...
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...Problems of Drug Trafficking and Immigration in Mexico and United States Immigration and drug trafficking are a menace in the entire world. In dealing with issues concerning immigration and abuse of drugs, it is vital to note that these two phenomena go hand in hand. Drug trafficking refers to a worldwide unlawful trade that involves the crop growing, manufacturing, circulation and selling of substances that have issues with drug prevention regulations. On the other hand, immigration refers to the settling in a foreign nation state permanently. Drug traffickers deal with drugs such as cocaine, heroin, cannabis, and opiates. The illegal immigrants find it hard to survive in a new environment due to financial constraints. Hence, these immigrants engage in illegal activities for example abuse of drugs and substances. Similarly, they engage in entering into other countries illegal that is a crime activity too (Bankston). Due to poverty and poor governance in Mexico, it has led to the rapidly settling of individuals in the United States and Canada. This process of settling is normally illegal since it does not follow the right channels of attaining documents from the required authorities that allow a foreigner to live in their country. The illegal immigration in the Central America to the Northern continent has led to the development of a mechanism known as North American Free Trade Agreement. With it is acronym as NAFTA, enacted in 1994 by United States, Mexico, and Canada. The...
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...Real-Time Crime Information System for National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) in Nigeria C.H. Ugwuishiwu & K.C. Ugwu Department of Computer Science University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nigeria Chilkodili.ugwuishiwu@unn.edu.ng H.C. Inyiamah Department of Computer Engineering Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria drhcinyiama@gmail ABSTRACT The problems of narcotic drugs in Nigeria as manifested in the cultivation, trafficking and abuse of drug is of increasing concern to the government, social researchers, and other stakeholders. The impact of illicit drugs continues to threaten the economies and social structures of both producing and consuming countries. This paper presents an implementation framework for a reliable, efficient and mobile real- time crime information system (CIS) that will help to maintain instant flow of information between the general public and NDLEA. This application solved this problem through a just-in-time flow of crime information from an informant who could be an individual, corporate body or any other government agency to the NDLEA office for a necessary action. This kind of information if handled properly will lead to illicit drug supply suppression hence reduce its availability as well as other substances of abuse. It will also help in drug demand reduction which result in a decline in the consumption of illicit drug substances. Keywords: : NDLEA, Law Enforcement Agency, Crime, Drug Trafficking, illicit drug, information System. . African Journal of Computing...
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...question about the about the racial disparity in America’s prison system. More than 60 percent of people in prison are now racial and ethnic minorities. For black males in their thirties, one in every ten is in prison or jail on any given day. These trends have been intensified by the disproportionate impact of the “war on drugs,” in which two thirds of all persons in prison for drug offenses are people of color. Guerin, P., Harrison, (2011) Washington, D.C: Bureau of Justice statistics. American prisons have a disparity of minority inmate population. Is this trend due to a higher rate of minority crimes, or the manner in which the judicial system operates? Some people have negative views about the people in the inner cities where disproportionate numbers of impoverished and African Americans live. Robert Right, an evolutionary psychologist believed the high rate of young African American men in prison is due to their adaptation to poverty. Conservatives think poverty is due to African American sub culture that is pathologic. Harvard professor James Wilson claimed, “The reason why it is called an underclass is that its members have a bad character: they mug, do drugs, and desert children.” (Miller,1996). There is a recurring idea that the inner cities are full of crime and therefore unsafe. The social conditions in which people in the inner city endure are tough. With the deindustrialization and globalization starting in the 1970s, the inner city was hurt the most. They lost...
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...Summary GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) is one of the main pharmaceutical and healthcare drug developer and manufacturer in the world. The product liability case with the British company, GSK includes the drugs Avandia, Paxil, Wellbutrin, and others (Thomas & Schmidt, 2012). The drug maker pleaded guilty and agreed to pay fines from the criminal charges in the case. GSK promoted its antidepressants for unapproved uses and failing to report safety data to the FDA on their diabetes drug. In addition, there are civil penalties within this case for improper marketing on six other drugs. The fines are the largest settlement within the pharmaceutical industry, totaling 3 billion (Thomas et al., 2012). There have not been any charges placed against personnel of GSK, at this time. However, GSK has agreed to withdraw bonuses from executives in their part of this illegal behavior. The claims in this case are improper practices during the 1990 to the mid 2000’s, came from former employees of GSK, which include the regional vice president and senior marketing manager (Thomas et al., 2012). The criminal and civil claims include the following: • Even though it was known the drug was linked to suicidal thoughts in teens, GSK promoted the use of Paxil to children. GSK misrepresented information on a clinical trial in a medical journal on the drug. • Wellbutrin was approved for depressive disorder; however, was promoted to use for off-label promotions of various products, “weight loss and...
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...Economics of Decriminalization or Legalization of Cannabis Introduction Capitalism: an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a few markets. This unique system allows for a merchant to market just about any product to the masses dependent on a public opinion of the commodity, legality, availability, and profitability. Some commodities, although carrying high demand are regulated heavily and sometimes even ban from the market place for reasons pertaining to public safety. Others, however, showing to be a health hazard are still allowed to remain on the market. This definition is according to Merriam-Webster.com. This paper will focus on the economics of cannabis and how by its decriminalization, or legalization, it can be a profitable commodity in the marketplace by the following. Providing an overview of cannabis and how political games have caused an unearned negative public opinion on the commodity. Listing arguments that support the claim that by legalizing this commodity not only crime rates in general, but violent crime rates, will drop noticeably if not substantially providing a savings in the cost of enforcing and prosecuting such crimes. And, that by decriminalization, the federal government can regulate this commodity much like alcohol and tobacco providing new sources...
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...America’s Homeless Veterans We see homeless people every day. We may choose to look at them or maybe we turn away and ignore their presence. We often label them as “Losers” or “Bums”. The one thing we can’t ignore is that we seem to see more and more of them each day and we now see women among their ranks. We rarely stop to think about the persons past, careers they may have had, families that love them, or don’t love them, and we never stop to consider that a lot of these people have served in our Armed Forces. The term, “Homeless Veteran” appalls most of us because we don’t want to think that the country they served, “The United States of America”, has turned its back on these individuals. Doesn’t that imply that “We” have turned our backs on them as well? If the Government is in charge of the care of our Veterans, and we as citizens vote for the people responsible for making decisions on our behalf, isn’t this a direct reflection of us as a society? We tend to vote in favor of the politician who cuts the funding of social programs in the name of saving tax dollars without considering the consequences. There are always consequences. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, HUD, estimates the number of Homeless Veterans at roughly 50,000 on any given night while other sources place that number at roughly 130,000. I have found that all statistics given by any U.S. Government source are always extremely low, perhaps to influence public perception. The...
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...behaviors of all its associates. Stated within the Cheesecake Factory code of ethics are examples of do’s and don’ts that range from General Standards of Conduct that speak out against the theft of company supplies to the Compliance with Laws that relate to the prohibition against “Insider Trading”. The Cheesecake Factory code of ethics makes it clear to its associates that the “Company” takes very seriously and will not tolerate any form of harassment, including sexual harassment or other discriminatory behavior. Also, The Cheesecake Factory code of ethics reminds associates about its lack of tolerance for drug or alcohol abuse among its staff members in the workplace as well. Compliance with these policies is essential to the Cheesecake Factory corporate philosophy. In today’s environment these words are important in light of the public awareness of negative behaviors in corporate America so by including in their code of ethics that this type of conduct won’t be accepted is a strong message for the Cheesecake Factory to send to present and future employees. To ensure this information stays at the forefront of each associates mind, it would be beneficial if the Cheesecake Factory held refresher training annually. It is common for people to forget information as time goes by. For example; under the Cheesecake Factory Non-Raid and Non-Disparage Issues rule, it reads: “Unless compelled to do so by applicable law, former staff members of the Company may not disparage the Company...
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...Critical Analysis of a U.S. Healthcare Challenge - Fraud and Abuse HSM 420 - Managed Care and Health Insurance April 19, 2015 Professor Bob Vega Critical Analysis of a U.S. Healthcare Challenge - Fraud and Abuse Introduction 2 What is Fraud and Abuse 2 Cost of Fraud 2-3 How can fraud be detected in Medicare 3 What are the implications for fraud and abuse 3-4 How can it be prevented? 5 Summary 6 Conclusion 7 References 8 Increasing costs of healthcare is a fear for many families in America. An issue in the rate of healthcare insurance is deception. Fraud is frequently very problematic to identify. The scale of healthcare fraud is indefinite. Preliminary compensation and expense and billing timeframe of 90 days permits for quick reimbursement of services, however, many times before there is a warning of deceitful billing the company has shut down and moved on. Fraud in American healthcare will cost American’s millions, possibly even billions of dollars each year. Without hesitation, behind every action of fraud, is an interval in ethics. Fraud is the deliberate dishonesty or falsification that a person knows to be untrue or that they consider to be factual is not, and sorts, if they know that the dishonesty might cause in an unsanctioned advantage to themselves or someone else. The most common kind of fraud rises from an untrue...
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...http://www.trinity.edu/rjensen/FraudAmericanHistory.htm History of Fraud in America (Edited for use in MBA 590_ NCSU) Bob Jensen at Trinity University Colonial History Earliest "business" fraud in America centered around phony heath cures. Armstrong and Armstrong (1991) document many of the snake oil ploys that commenced soon after the Pilgrims landed on Plymouth Rock. Medical frauds ranging from deceptive medicines to spiritual cures to bloodletting expanded over time to modern day cancer miracle cures and Internet charlatanism. Since early America was largely agricultural, various land schemes accompanied the growing market for deceptive rural living and farming products. As the original 13 colonies were established land was owned by men who had been granted land from the English King. They in turn sold land to individuals and established common areas. Although many of the early dealings were legitimate, it did not take long for land swindles to commence. Swindlers were either buyers or sellers of land. Victims were often new immigrants and Indians who lived on the land before Colonial times. One of the best known frauds was the 1626 purchase of Manhattan Island for trinkets valued at 60 guilders (approximately $24). In this case the Carnarsie Indians from Brooklyn perpetrated the fraud since their land was not even connected to Manhattan Island. But in most cases it was the white men who cheated the Indians and each other. Land swindling grew rampant as America expanded...
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...reformist social agenda embraced by the federal government in the 1960s, as well as neo-conservatives who want a tougher foreign policy.”(Schneider, W. 1987) President Reagan not only stabilized the economy, he pushed for rights of religion, sexuality, women, and drug abuse with a smaller government than today. “In the 1970’s there was a shift in Americans ideas from the New Deal and the Civil Rights movement and toward the sovereignty of the free market and private life.” (Parker, G 2004) “The 1980s created the “me” generation of Americans concerned more of their selves; Thus giving birth to the “yuppie-young urban professional.” (Watson, J.) “Many felt there were almost no limits on the good life they could lead.” (Watson, J.2014) The Political Spectrum today American society today has various political spectrums; even so it would be described more as a post-modernist (post modernism) society. (Liberal ideology) (a long stretch from the 1970’s and 1980’s political spectrum of Communism, and Conservatism to name a few. ) “Post modernism would be considered post World War ll Liberalism the “anti-Leftism.” (Price, 2004) “A product of capitalist culture, todays a society with interests is corporate American Capitalism with “existing post-modernist society and benefits from its continued existence.”(Price, 2004) America was founded on the basis of“freedoms of rights, actions and beliefs, as long as it did not “infringe’ on the rights of others. “The...
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...disability access; plus 100,000 federal jobs. (Sep 2012) Equal treatment under law for same-sex couples. (Sep 2012) Racial and religious profiling is wrong. (Jul 2004) Keep marriage at state level; no federal gay marriage ban. (Jul 2004) Strengthen some parts of Patriot Act and change other parts. (Jul 2004) Support affirmative action to redress discrimination. (Jul 2004) Police should have zero tolerance of racial profiling. (Aug 2000) Pass hate crime legislation including gays. (Aug 2000) Democrats lead fight for ERA and equal employment. (Aug 2000) Democratic Party on Corporations Auto manufacturers have paid back loans & drive the recovery. (Sep 2012) Transparency in corporate accounting. (Jul 2004) End corporate welfare as we know. (Jul 2004) Tax credits and investment support for small business. (Jul 2004)...
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...Legalizing Medical Marijuana Should Medical Marijuana be legal? Marijuana is medicine. It has been used for thousands of years to treat a wide variety of ailments. However the United States government says the marijuana use is addictive and it is harmful. So the government makes it illegal even though alcohol and drugs of nicotine which used in cigarettes are legal. Why is it ok that medical marijuana may be legal in some states but not in others? The legalization of medical marijuana in United States would drastically reduce pain sufferers in our society. Legalizing medical marijuana benefits society by helping decrease government spending, and reduce health care costs. Marijuana, in its natural form, is one of the safest therapeutically active substances known. Just think to ourselves, is it ethical to deny a person who is having chemotherapy or radiation for cancer, a way to relieve nauseaness and pain caused from treatments? Is it ethical to deny a dying person in pain, get the relief from pain and get comfort? Is it ethical to deny someone who has chronic pain or debilitating pain a medicine that can relieve pain? Who has the right to do this? Even though the government does, it is unethical. Marijuana is a natural alternative medicine to help all these issues. The medicines the doctors have to prescribe, for pain like narcotics, have acetaminophen in them which can cause liver damage or even failures are more susceptible to be abused and addicting. There...
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...Individuals be Reformed or Rehabilitated through Incarceration and Treatment Programs. Critically examine the Current Treatment Programs offered and Subsequent Impact on Recidivism upon Individuals being released globally and WA specifically. This study will examine the effectiveness of current prison treatment programs in Australia, New Zealand, South East Asia, United States of America in rehabilitating or reforming an individual and coinciding recidivism rates upon a prisoners release. Prison based treatment programs for sex offenders in Western Australia, New South Wales and New Zealand are examined and recidivism rates compared. Treatment programs for offenders with drug and alcohol issues and the various strategies within the criminal justice system such as diversion, education and drug court programs are examined and differences explained. Rehabilitation programs such as education, life skills, employment and cognitive behavioural treatment are explained and research discussed. Conclusions will be drawn outlining programs with the highest level of recidivism both in Western Australia and globally. The “nothing works” mantra (Martinson) 1974, is seen to be refuted and treatment is seen to be successful when it is matched to the criminogenic needs of the offender (MacKenzie, 2006). Future recommendations are made in regards to the need for correctional staff to assess each offender as an individual with different needs, and to therefore implement programs...
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