...Cultural Awareness Assignment: Part 1 Part A Cost of Living Living in Australia, students have many choices to choose from when it comes to their accommodations. With each choice the price varies: * Hostels and Guesthouses - $80 to $135 per week * Shared Rental - $70 to $250 per week * On campus - $80 to $250 per week * Homestay - $110 to $270 per week * Rental - $100 to $400 per week * Boarding schools - $10,000 to $20,000 a year There are many other living expenses that should be considered when living abroad such as food costs, transportation, etc. Based on each individual the amounts may differ. Here are the approximate prices: * Groceries and eating out - $80 to $200 per week * Gas, electricity - $60 to $100 per week * Phone and Internet - $20 to $50 per week * Public transport - $10 to $50 per week * Car (after purchase) - $150 to $250 per week * Entertainment - $50 to $100 per week As the Department of Immigration and Citizenship demands you to receive a student visa in order to study in Australia, for one individual it costs about $18,610 Australian dollars. Communication Generally you should stand about an arm’s-length away when speaking to someone face to face but the distance will likely be less when standing side by side. Eye contact is generally considered important when expressing sincerity, although Aboriginal Australians are less comfortable making...
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...the growing discussions about whether Australia Day should be moved, portraying advocates as sowers of discord. Yet to ask whether the anniversary of the first fleet’s arrival in Sydney Cove in 1788 is appropriate for the national celebration is precisely to address the most consequential questions about the country’s past. The meaning of 26 January has to be part of the big, honest discussion that just might lead to a lasting reconciliation. Mr Turnbull acknowledged that, for Indigenous Australians, European settlement has been “complex and tragic” – but...
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...Australia seems to be stuck between its economic interests, which lie with China and Asia, and traditional ties with the America. General Peter Leahy warns of US-China collision FORMER Australian army chief Peter Leahy has urged Australia to tread warily in expanding its military ties with the US to ensure they do not "lead to increased tension and even conflict" with China. [pic] the Australian, 12 April, 2012 Warning against becoming "caught" between the US as its security guarantor and China as its economic underwriter, Professor Leahy has welcomed Australia's decision to play host to US marines, but noted that "too much of a good thing" could put unnecessary pressure on China. His comments, in an opinion piece in today's edition of The Australian, came as the China Daily state-owned newspaper hit out at Australia's expanding links with the US, warning they could spark a collapse of trust and endanger Sino-Australian economic ties. In a strongly worded editorial, the newspaper yesterday also warned that the Gillard government's decision last month to ban Chinese communications giant Huawei from bidding for work in the $36 billion National Broadband Network had created the perception in Beijing that Australia wanted to obstruct Chinese companies. But, as US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton insisted her nation wanted close and peaceful relations with Beijing, Julia Gillard rejected the Chinese newspaper's suggestion that Australian foreign policy was...
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...This paper considers some of the questionable reasoning used today by the courts in determining residence and source on companies incorporated overseas. The case of Crown is not dissimilar to that of Malayan Shipping Co, whereby an Australian resident (Mr Sleigh) the majority shareholder of a taxpayer company incorporated overseas, was considered to be the managing director and agent who alone could decide upon the entering of contracts by the company in Australia. The company was found to derive its income and have tax residency in Australia “despite the directors being non-resident and meeting outside Australia” due to central management and control being held by an Australian resident. Similarly in Crown several indicators of absolute authority held by an Australian resident were presented, including “All of the proposals were prepared by Mr. Pattenden on his lap top” and “Mr. Pattenden prepared a group insurance proposal and prepared and issued a policy”, these statements seemingly present Mr. Pattenden as being ‘the brains behind operation’. The commissioner pursued this as it had been in Malayan shipping, however several factors prevented the same decision being applied, in particular central management and control was not considered to be in Australia due to Mr. Pattenden residing in Vanuatu. It was noted by the court that “Mr. Pattenden was at pains to ensure that Crown only accepted the various proposals in Vanuatu and that it, in fact, did so”, to a person without...
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...FOREWORD CHAPTER I page 7 The Terms Used to Define the Commonwealth CHAPTER II page 11 Equality CHAPTER III page18 Autonomy CHAPTER IV page 26 Autochthony CHAPTER V page 37 Membership CHAPTER VI page 42 Co-operation CHAPTER VII page 48 Symbols CHAPTER VIII page 56 Members of the Commonwealth REFERENCES page 61 FOREWORD The Commonwealth of Nations, normally referred to as the Commonwealth and previously as the British Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organization of fifty-four independent member states. All but two of these countries were formerly part of the British Empire. The member states co-operate within a framework of common values and goals as outlined in the Singapore Declaration. These include the promotion of democracy, human rights, good governance, the rule of law, individual liberty, egalitarianism, free trade, multilateralism and world peace. The Commonwealth is not a political union, but an intergovernmental organization through which countries with diverse social, political and economic backgrounds are regarded as equal in status. Its activities are carried out through the permanent Commonwealth Secretariat, headed by the Secretary-General, and biennial Meetings between Commonwealth Heads of Government. The symbol of their free association is the Head of the Commonwealth, which is a ceremonial position currently held by Queen Elizabeth II. Elizabeth II is also monarch, separately...
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...Analysis of the Economy Export, Import and Production In recent years, Australia has been a net exporter of goods and net importers of services (See appendix 1). The country, rich in natural resources, is a major exporter of commodities. Iron-ore and gold account for 28% of total commodities exports (81 Billion US$ in 2013). Coal represent 18% or 38 Billion US$ and oil and gas for 9 percent. Manufactured goods constitute 33 percent of the total exports with food and metal products and machinery and equipment accounting. Agricultural products, particularly wheat and wool make up 5 percent of trade outflows Australia is a major importer of machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines and telecommunication. Main import partners are China (15 percent of total imports), United States (13 percent of total imports), Japan (8 percent of total imports) and Singapore (7 percent of total imports). Trading Partners Trade with the Asia-Pacific region has become increasingly important for Australia. Of Australia's top sixteen major trading partners (representing around 80 per cent of merchandise exports); countries from the Asia-Pacific region are the destination for around 89 per cent of this trade. China is the most important trade partner of Australia, the country export Iron ore and gold as well as oil and many raw materials. China is also Australia’s largest source of imports. Major imports from China are mostly finished goods that include clothing, communications...
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...As one of Australia’s oldest and most successful diversified companies, Wesfarmers began in June 1914 as the Westralian Farmers Co-operative and for most of its early history was primarily involved with the provision of services and merchandise to Western Australia's rural community. Its early operations included wool and wheat merchandising, grain and fruit exporting, oil distribution to rural areas, as well as Western Australia’s first public radio station. On the road to diversification In the 1950s Wesfarmers began a major diversification programme with the formation of Kleenheat Gas. Kleenheat pioneered the distribution of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and gas appliances to Western Australia's rural areas and now operates a major Australia-wide network of depots, company-operated branches, dealers and franchisees. The 1980s saw significant changes to the company’s operations and structure. In 1984, with the farmers co-operative as its majority shareholder, Wesfarmers Limited listed on the Australian Securities Exchange. In the same year, the company acquired fertiliser manufacturer and distributor CSBP & Farmers, in what was then Australia’s largest corporate takeover. Wesfarmers added to its energy industry investments by moving into coal mining when it acquired Western Collieries in 1989, now Premier. In the 1990s, the company invested in the Bengalla mine in the Hunter Valley in New South Wales. Further expansion of the coal interests occurred in May 2000 through...
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...Assignment 1 On 5 June 2012 the Governor-General gives her royal assent to new Commonwealth legislation, which says that no financial corporation can employ workers under the age of 17 years. On 17 July 2012, however, the Governor of New South Wales signs another bill allowing minors to work for such corporations under special conditions. Discuss the validity of the above hypothetical laws. In discussing the validity of these hypothetical laws, a number of issues must be addressed. Firstly, it must be found whether the laws are made within the authoritative powers dealt to the State and the Commonwealth, making them valid under the relevant provisions of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act. If it is found that both the laws are valid in this sense, the issue will be whether the two laws are inconsistent with one another. Lastly, if it is found that the two laws are inconsistent, section 109 will come into force, rendering the state law inoperative. Is the Commonwealth law valid? To use s109 to invalidate a State law, first it must be found whether the Commonwealth law and the State law are valid. ‘If either is invalid ab initio by reason of lack of power, no question can arise under the section.’ A Commonwealth law is valid if it is made within the scope of power assigned to the Commonwealth under the Constitution. S51 (xx) of the Act states: Parliament shall, subject to this Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order, and good...
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...Cultural Awareness Assignment: Part 1 Part A Cost of Living Living in Australia, students have many choices to choose from when it comes to their accommodations. With each choice the price varies: * Hostels and Guesthouses - $80 to $135 per week * Shared Rental - $70 to $250 per week * On campus - $80 to $250 per week * Homestay - $110 to $270 per week * Rental - $100 to $400 per week * Boarding schools - $10,000 to $20,000 a year There are many other living expenses that should be considered when living abroad such as food costs, transportation, etc. Based on each individual the amounts may differ. Here are the approximate prices: * Groceries and eating out - $80 to $200 per week * Gas, electricity - $60 to $100 per week * Phone and Internet - $20 to $50 per week * Public transport - $10 to $50 per week * Car (after purchase) - $150 to $250 per week * Entertainment - $50 to $100 per week As the Department of Immigration and Citizenship demands you to receive a student visa in order to study in Australia, for one individual it costs about $18,610 Australian dollars. Communication Generally you should stand about an arm’s-length away when speaking to someone face to face but the distance will likely be less when standing side by side. Eye contact is generally considered important when expressing sincerity, although Aboriginal Australians are less comfortable making...
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...Explain the changing significance of a specific heritage site for the local area and beyond. The Finger Wharf building and site has had throughout its existence had a changing significance on the local area and beyond. Designed by Henry Walsh and completed in 1915, the building was made to facilitate and bring order to Sydney and Australia’s maritime activity. The building has held significance in the areas of trade, military, immigration and culture. Even prior to this the site had many uses for aborigines such as a burial site and the new European colonisers. After its use expired the building was saved from destruction and refurbished into an area of thriving restaurants, accommodation and art, making it a must visit destination for locals and tourists. The Finger Wharf’s foremost significance was in trade. The Sydney Harbour Trust’s main objective for the building was to control the trade in Sydney’s waters. Even prior to the completion of the building shipping had already begun trading on the site in 1912. With its completion in 1915 the building played a significant role in the development of the young Australian and local economies particularly its role in the “long boom.” The building to facilitate its important role in trade was equipped with some of the first ever-electrical lifts, cranes and conveyor belts in NSW. While wool was a key part of the economic activity at the Finger Wharf, agricultural goods such as wheat and dairy from the country areas of NSW were...
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...Dot point summary Studies of religion Australia 1945- present. | Facts | Impact/Implications/ | Contemporary Aboriginal Spiritualities | Dreaming The Dreaming is the past, present and future. A collective term for all Australian Indigenous spiritualityInextricably linked to the land Kinship All forms of social interaction.Determines how a person relates to others and how they belong in the community. Ceremonial life Corroboree - retelling of Dreaming stories through song, dance, music and mimeRite of passage- Moving into adulthoodBurial and Smoking ceremoniesObligations to the land and people Dreaming stories help link the people to the land and it outlines the obligations of the people to the land. | Dreaming provides meaning and purpose in an Indigenous persons life Provides connections to family members and spirituality Provides a link to the dreaming and ancestral spirits. Marks key moments in people's lives. By keeping obligations to the land and people the inextricable link will be kept | Issues for Aboriginal spiritualities in relation to: | discuss the continuing effect of dispossession on Aboriginal spiritualities in relation to: / separation from the land * Loss of culture - loss of dignity * "Like a tree without it's roots" - "Buckskin" * Lost law & lore * Lost purposeseparation from kinship groups * Lost identity * Loss of heritage * Loss of parents/ family * Loss of connectionthe Stolen Generations * Unable to connect...
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...The article by Howard Dick, ‘Turnbull meets Jokowi: A New Chapter in Australia-Indonesia Relations?’ provides a brief history of events of significance in Australia/Indonesia relations from the 1960s through to the current day. It focusses on the handling of issues by former Prime Ministers Julia Gillard (unilateral suspension of beef exports to Indonesia) and Tony Abbott (turn back the boats policy and talk of Australia’s aid to Indonesia being in jeopardy with the execution of Australia drug traffickers). Dick argues that to improve relations between the two countries, there is a need for Australia’s future leaders to “develop their cross-cultural skills and sensitivity to cultural differences” an argument I strongly support. He further argues that “All Australians – and especially...
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...one with the land, and without land their Dreaming, tradition and culture are sure to die” (Anne Gray). Kinship – refers to the network of relationships that hold a clan together central to Aboriginal communities. Through kinship, they are instructed about particular obligations, rights and appropriate forms of behavior. It defines where a person fits into the community. Land is important to kinship and is often referred to as “my mother” so it is shared by many people. Disopession- Dispossession resulted in Aboriginals being separated from their physical land, kinship groups and the removal of their children from their families through the “Stolen Generation”. Dispossession first occurred in 1778 when the First Fleet recognised Australia as “terra nullius”. They implemented policies of protectionism where Aboriginals were removed from their rightful land and tribes and placed in missions. This affected aboriginal people in 2008 with many being permanently separated from their kinship groups and losing their distinct spiritual identity which was destroyed through the process of assimilation. As many Aboriginal beliefs are centred upon their connection to the land which is inhabited by their “ancestral beings” and created through the “dreaming”, many...
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...LAWS7012 | Learning Tasks | Topic 1 Learning Tasks | Topic 1 | The Taxation System in Australia For discussion in class at the start of week 3’s seminar Task 1 Using the Income Tax Assessment Act locate Item 5.1 in Section 51-30. a. What does this section indicate? b. Are there any exceptions to this section, if so, what are they? c. Are there any terms in the sections that have a specific meaning? a. Item 5.1 if you are an individual receipt of periodic payments in the nature of maintenance The maintenance payments are exempt from income tax b. Section51-50 of the ITAA 1997 sets out the conditions under which a periodic payment, in the nature of maintenance, is exempt from income tax under item 5.1 of the table in section 51-30 of the ITAA 1997.Section 51-50 of the ITAA 1997 provides as follows:(1) This section sets out the conditions on which a periodic payment, in the nature of maintenance, that:(a) is made by an individual (the maintenance payer); or(b) is attributable to a payment made by an individual (also the maintenance payer); is exempt from income tax under item 5.1 of the table in section 51-30 (2) The maintenance payment is exempt from income tax only if it is made:(a) to an individual who is or has been the maintenance payer's *spouse; or(b) to or for the benefit of an individual who is or has been:(i)a *child of the maintenance payer; or(ii)a child who is or has been a child of an individual who is or has been a *spouse of the maintenance...
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...Court has been the champion for indigenous land rights. This is evident in the Mabo cases of 1988 and 1992, which abolished the concept of terra nullius and allowed for native title claims. In 1996, the High Court decided that native title could co-exist with pastoral leases, allowing the Wik people to re-claim native title; further diminishing the struggle for indigenous land rights. However, it is possible to argue that the High Court has not been the champion for native claims, such as the unsuccessful case; Koowarta v Bjelke- Peterson. In 1988 and 1992, the High Court allowed for the acknowledgment of indigenous land rights, and overruled the legal doctrine of terra nullius, becoming the champion of the indigenous people’s land rights....
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